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| -rw-r--r-- | .gitignore | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Makefile | 40 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | carbslinux.txt | 1327 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | clean.do | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | config.rc | 17 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | default.do | 69 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | install.html.do | 21 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | install.txt | 481 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | install.txt.do | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib.rc | 84 |
11 files changed, 2045 insertions, 47 deletions
@@ -2,5 +2,14 @@ carbslinux carbslinux.info *.tar.* +### Redo files +/.redo +/.do_built +/.do_built.dir +*.tmp +*.did +.dep* +.target* + ### Org HTML output *.html diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index cc64acf..0000000 --- a/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -# This Makefile is meant to generate a dist tarball in order to avoid installing -# texinfo on the target system. -PREFIX = /usr/local -SHAREDIR = ${PREFIX}/share -INFODIR = ${SHAREDIR}/info -DOCDIR = ${SHAREDIR}/doc -TARBALL = carbs-docs-`date +%Y%m%d` -HTMLDIR = ./carbslinux -TEXI = contribution.texi cpt.texi init.texi install.texi top.texi -OBJ = carbslinux.info carbslinux.txt - -all: ${OBJ} - @echo run \'make install\' if you want to install the docs. - -clean: - rm -f ${OBJ} ${TARBALL}.tar.gz - -carbslinux.txt: ${TEXI} - makeinfo --plaintext top.texi -o carbslinux.txt - -carbslinux.info: ${TEXI} - makeinfo top.texi -o carbslinux.info - -dist: ${OBJ} - mkdir -p ${TARBALL} - cp ${OBJ} ${TEXI} Makefile README.md ${TARBALL} - tar -cf ${TARBALL}.tar ${TARBALL} - gzip -9 ${TARBALL}.tar - rm -rf ${TARBALL}.tar ${TARBALL} - -htmldocs: ${OBJ} - rm -f -- ${HTMLDIR}/* - makeinfo --html -o ${HTMLDIR} top.texi - makeinfo --plaintext -o ${HTMLDIR}/install.txt install.texi - -install: carbslinux.info carbslinux.txt - install -Dm644 carbslinux.info ${DESTDIR}${INFODIR}/carbslinux.info - install -Dm644 carbslinux.txt ${DESTDIR}${DOCDIR}/carbslinux.txt - -.PHONY: all dist htmldocs install clean @@ -1,10 +1,18 @@ Carbs Linux User Manual -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -This is the Carbs Linux documentation written with Texinfo. It can be viewed -offline by installing the `carbs-docs` package. Distribution tarballs comes with -prebuilt info and plaintext pages, so they don't depend on the `texinfo` -package. +This is the Carbs Linux documentation written with Emacs Org-mode. It can be +viewed offline by installing the `carbs-docs` package. Distribution tarballs +come with a prebuilt info page and plaintext pages, so neither `emacs` nor +`texinfo` is necessary. + +You can view offline documentation by doing one of the following: + + less /usr/share/doc/carbslinux.txt + +Or: + + info carbslinux There are two packages in the repository for viewing info files, `texinfo` and `info`. The `info` package only comes with the statically linked documentation @@ -12,10 +20,13 @@ reader, so you don't need `perl` to install it. cpt-build info carbs-docs -To generate pages from the git repository you will need to install `texinfo`. + +To generate info pages from the git repository, you will need to install +`texinfo`. For your convenience, the plaintext and texinfo files are committed +directly on the repository, but those files are generated directly from Emacs. git clone git://git.carbslinux.org/docs cpt-build texinfo && cpt-install texinfo - make - make PREFIX=/usr install + redo + PREFIX=/usr redo install install-info /usr/share/info/carbslinux.info /usr/share/info/dir diff --git a/carbslinux.txt b/carbslinux.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddf94f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/carbslinux.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1327 @@ + _________________________ + + CARBS LINUX USER MANUAL + + Cem Keylan + _________________________ + + +Table of Contents +_________________ + +1. Copying +2. Installation +.. 1. Preparing Environment +..... 1. Download +..... 2. Signature verification +..... 3. Extracting the tarball +..... 4. Obtain the chroot helper +.. 2. Chroot +..... 1. Setting up repositories +..... 2. Updating packages +..... 3. Installing packages +..... 4. Essential Software +..... 5. Obtaining the documentation +.. 3. System Configuration +..... 1. Configuring hostname +..... 2. Hosts file +.. 4. Kernel +..... 1. Obtaining the kernel sources +..... 2. Kernel dependencies +..... 3. Building the kernel +.. 5. Making your system bootable +..... 1. Bootloader +..... 2. Init scripts +..... 3. Fstab +.. 6. Post-installation +..... 1. KISS repositories +3. Init System +.. 1. Configuring Init +..... 1. Kernel Command Line +..... 2. `/etc/init/rc.conf' file +..... 3. Init Hooks +.. 2. Changing Init Program +..... 1. Rebooting after changing init +4. Contribution Guidelines +.. 1. Conventions +..... 1. Shell Conventions +..... 2. Repository Conventions +5. GNU Free Documentation License + + +This is the full documentation of [Carbs Linux], from the details of the +distribution, installation, to the package manager. It is not yet +complete. + +You can build and install the 'info' package in order to view this documentation +with the info reader. It is divided into sections and easier to read. + + +[Carbs Linux] <https://carbslinux.org> + + +1 Copying +========= + + Copyright (c) 2020 Cem Keylan + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify + this document under the terms of the GNU Free + Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version + published by the Free Software Foundation; with no + Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts and no + Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in + the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." + + +2 Installation +============== + + These are the step-by-step instructions for installing Carbs Linux. It + can be acquired as plain-text to be viewed offline with a pager from + <https://carbslinux.org/docs/install.txt>. + + +2.1 Preparing Environment +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + To install Carbs Linux, you will need a Live Linux ISO. For that + purpose, you can obtain a Gentoo or Void Linux live image. You can + follow their instructions to boot and setup your network. + + You will need the following programs in order to install Carbs Linux: + + - tar + - wget + - xz + - some form of base utilities (coreutils, sbase, busybox, etc.) + + Rest of these instructions will assume that you have set all of these + up, and will continue on that point. + + +2.1.1 Download +-------------- + + First, we need to download the rootfs tarball. You can do the + following in order to obtain the rootfs. If you are using an i686 + machine, replace the `x86_64' with `i686'. We are setting this in a + URL variable so that we don't have to write it every time. + + ,---- + | wget $URL/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 + | sha256sum -c carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 + `---- + + +2.1.2 Signature verification +---------------------------- + + It is highly recommended to verify the signature of the tarball. You + will need GPG for this. + + ,---- + | wget $URL/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig + | gpg --recv-keys FF484BDFEFCEF8FF + | gpg --verify carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig + `---- + + +2.1.3 Extracting the tarball +---------------------------- + + You will need to extract the tarball to your desired location. For + partitioning, you can follow [this guide]. This will assume that you + will be mounting your root partition to `/mnt'. + + ,---- + | mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt + | tar xf carbs-rootfs.tar.xz -C /mnt + `---- + + +[this guide] <https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning> + + +2.1.4 Obtain the chroot helper +------------------------------ + + You can obtain the `cpt-chroot' script in order to do a simple chroot + into your new root filesystem. + + ,---- + | wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/cpt-chroot + | chmod a+x cpt-chroot + `---- + + +2.2 Chroot +~~~~~~~~~~ + + Chroot into Carbs Linux! + + ,---- + | ./cpt-chroot /mnt + `---- + + +2.2.1 Setting up repositories +----------------------------- + + Newest tarballs do not come with repositories, so you will need to + manually obtain them, and set your `CPT_PATH' environment + variable. Carbs Linux repositories can either be obtained by `git' or + `rsync'. While rsync repositories are overall faster and smaller, git + offers the whole history of the repository and a means to manipulate + your repository as you like it. If you want to obtain the git + repository, you will need to install `git' itself. + + The following guide will assume that you put the repositories into + `~/repos/' directory, but you can put the repositories into any + directory you want. So go ahead and create that directory: + + ,---- + | mkdir -p $HOME/repos + `---- + + +* 2.2.1.1 Obtaining from git + + Carbs Linux git repositories can be found both from the main server + and GitHub (mirror). Here are both their repository links. You can + clone any of them. + + - git://git.carbslinux.org/repository + - <https://github.com/carbslinux/repository> + + ,---- + | git clone git://git.carbslinux.org/repository $HOME/repos/carbs + `---- + + +* 2.2.1.2 Obtaining from rsync + + Carbs Linux rsync repositories live in rsync://carbslinux.org/repo. In + order to obtain it, run the following: + + ,---- + | rsync -avc rsync://carbslinux.org/repo $HOME/repos/carbs + `---- + + +* 2.2.1.3 Making the package manager use the repositories + + In your shell's configuration file, or in your `~/.profile' file, add + the following lines: + + ,---- + | CPT_PATH=$HOME/repos/carbs/core + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/extra + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/xorg + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/community + | export CPT_PATH + `---- + + +2.2.2 Updating packages +----------------------- + + It is good practice to make sure your system is up to date, especially + before building new packages. If there is an update for the package + manager you will need to update twice. + + ,---- + | cpt-update && cpt-update + `---- + + +2.2.3 Installing packages +------------------------- + + Since you are operating on a really small base, you might need to + build and install new programs to extend the functionality of your + system. In order to build and install packages new packages in Carbs, + you need to execute the following. "Package" is not actually a package + and is given as an example. + + ,---- + | cpt-build package + | cpt-install package + `---- + + +2.2.4 Essential Software +------------------------ + + Here is a list of software that you might want to have on your system. + + *BOOTLOADERS* + + - efibootmgr + - grub + + *FILESYSTEMS* + + - e2fsprogs + - dosfstools + - ntfs-3g + + *NETWORKING* + + - dhcpcd + - wpa_supplicant + + *TEXT EDITORS* + + - nano + - vim + - neatvi + - emacs + - emacs-nox (terminal-only version of emacs) + + *USER SHELLS* + + - bash + - zsh + - oksh + - rc + + *POSIX BASE UTILITIES* + + - busybox + - sbase + - coreutils + + *DOCUMENTATION* + + - carbs-docs + - man-pages + - man-pages-posix + + +2.2.5 Obtaining the documentation +--------------------------------- + + All the documentation for Carbs Linux can be found on a single info + manual to be viewed offline. You can obtain texinfo or the info + (standalone) package in order to view the documentation. + + ,---- + | # Install the documentation. + | cpt b carbs-docs && cpt i carbs-docs + | + | # Install either texinfo or the info package. We will be installing standalone info + | # as it doesn't need perl. + | cpt b info && cpt i info + | + | # You can then run info and navigate through the documentation. + | info carbslinux + `---- + + +2.3 System Configuration +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + After you have finished installing some extra packages, you can + configure your system to your liking. + + +2.3.1 Configuring hostname +-------------------------- + + You might want to add a hostname, especially in a networked + environment. Your hostname will default to 'carbslinux' unless you set + this. + + ,---- + | echo your-hostname > /etc/hostname + `---- + + +2.3.2 Hosts file +---------------- + + You can edit your /etc/hosts file, which is the static lookup table + for host names. By default, there are two entries for localhost which + are OKAY. You can replace the 'localhost' part of these entries to + your hostname. + + ,---- + | 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost + | ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost ip6-localhost + `---- + + +2.4 Kernel +~~~~~~~~~~ + + Kernel isn't managed under the main repositories, even though you + could package one for your personal use. Here is an [example kernel + package], which you will need to reconfigure for your specific setup + if you want to make use of it. + + +[example kernel package] +<https://github.com/cemkeylan/kiss-repository/tree/master/personal/linux> + +2.4.1 Obtaining the kernel sources +---------------------------------- + + You can visit the <https://kernel.org> website to choose a kernel that + you want to install. Though only the latest stable and longterm (LTS) + versions are supported. + + ,---- + | # Download the kernel and extract it + | wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz + | tar xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz + | + | # Change directory into the kernel sources + | cd linux-5.9.1 + `---- + + +2.4.2 Kernel dependencies +------------------------- + + In order to compile the kernel you will need to install some + dependencies. You will need `libelf' to compile the kernel. If you + want to configure using the menu interface you will also need + `ncurses'. + + ,---- + | # The package manager asks to install if you are building more than one package, + | # so no need to run 'cpt i ...' + | cpt b libelf ncurses + `---- + + In the vanilla kernel sources, you need perl to compile the kernel, + but it can be easily patched out. You will need to apply the following + patch. Patch was written by [E5ten]. You will need to obtain and apply + the patch in the kernel source directory. + + ,---- + | wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/kernel-no-perl.patch + | patch -p1 < kernel-no-perl.patch + `---- + + +[E5ten] <https://github.com/E5ten> + + +2.4.3 Building the kernel +------------------------- + + Next step is configuring and building the kernel. You can check + Gentoo's [kernel configuration guide] to learn more about the + matter. Overall, Gentoo Wiki is a good place to learn about + configuration according to your hardware. The following will assume a + monolithic kernel. + + ,---- + | make menuconfig + | make + | install -Dm755 $(make -s image_name) /boot/vmlinuz-linux + `---- + + +[kernel configuration guide] +<https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Kernel/Configuration> + + +2.5 Making your system bootable +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + In order to be able to boot your fresh system, wou will need an + init-daemon, init-scripts and a bootloader. The init daemon is already + provided by busybox, but you can optionally change it. + + +2.5.1 Bootloader +---------------- + + In the main repository, there is efibootmgr and grub to serve as + bootloaders. efibootmgr can be used as a standalone bootloader, or + can be used to install grub in a UEFI environment. efibootmgr is + needed unless you are using a device without UEFI support (or you + really want to use BIOS for a reason). + + +* 2.5.1.1 GRUB BIOS installation + + ,---- + | cpt b grub && cpt i grub + | grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sdX + | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg + `---- + + +* 2.5.1.2 GRUB UEFI installation + + ,---- + | cpt b efibootmgr && cpt i efibootmgr + | cpt b grub && cpt i grub + | + | grub-install --target=x86_64-efi \ + | --efi-directory=esp \ + | --bootloader-id=CarbsLinux + | + | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg + `---- + + +2.5.2 Init scripts +------------------ + + Only thing left to do is installing the init-scripts, and now you are + almost ready to boot your system! + + ,---- + | cpt b carbs-init && cpt i carbs-init + `---- + + +2.5.3 Fstab +----------- + + You can now manually edit your fstab entry, or you can use the + genfstab tool. If you want to use the tool, exit the chroot and run + the following: + + ,---- + | wget https://github.com/cemkeylan/genfstab/raw/master/genfstab + | chmod +x genfstab + | ./genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab + `---- + + +2.6 Post-installation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + The base installation is now complete, you can now fine tune your + system according to your needs. Rest of these instructions are + completely optional. You can check the rest of the documentation to + learn more about the system. + + +2.6.1 KISS repositories +----------------------- + + While not 100% compatible with cpt, you can use kiss repositories in + your system the same way you are using the distribution + repositories. Here is an example for the KISS Linux Community + repository. + + +3 Init System +============= + + Carbs Linux init scripts are run by the init daemon (`busybox' by + default) on boot and shutdown processes. It also provides its own + halting program named shalt. This provides a portable method that + doesn't rely on non-POSIX external programs. + + +3.1 Configuring Init +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + There are three ways you can change the behaviour of the init + system. Those are: + + - Kernel Command Line + - `/etc/init/rc.conf' file + - Init Hooks + + +3.1.1 Kernel Command Line +------------------------- + + On GRUB, you can edit the kernel command line parameters, which will + be parsed as variables on the init system. Not all of the parameters + will be acted upon, but all of them will be set as variables on the + init script. For example an example command line, and how it is + interpreted. + + ,---- + | BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 rw loglevel=3 quiet + `---- + + This command line will be parsed to set the following variables: + + ,---- + | BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz + | root=/dev/sda2 + | rw=1 + | loglevel=3 + | quiet=1 + `---- + + Some of these variables, such as `rw=/=ro', `loglevel', and `quiet', + will be used by the init system to change the behaviour of the + startup. + + +3.1.2 `/etc/init/rc.conf' file +------------------------------ + + However, the kernel command line isn't the only place to set your boot + parameters. You can specify variables here as well, although note that + the kernel command line always gets the priority for these variables + since they can be set just before boot. + + +3.1.3 Init Hooks +---------------- + + Init hooks are for custom personal commands that the user may want to + add to alter their boot. These can be used to load kernel modules, + modify interfaces, and lot more. Those hooks are added to the + `/etc/init' directory with the hook name as the suffix. For example, a + boot script will be placed as `/etc/init/my-hook.boot'. Currently, + there are 4 hooks that the user can use. + + early-boot + Run after pseudo-filesystems are mounted. + boot + Run before the boot stage is completed. + pre.shutdown + Run first when shutting down. + umount + Run just before filesystems are unmounted. + post.shutdown + Run just before the system is halted. + + +3.2 Changing Init Program +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + By default, Carbs Linux comes preinstalled with `busybox-init', but + this can easily be replaced without any issues. Currently, available + init systems are: + + - `sinit' + - `busybox' + - `runit' + - `shinit' + + This example is for runit, but it will work with all init systems + packaged in the distribution repositories. See the + `cpt-alternatives(1)' manual page for more details. + + ,---- + | cpt a runit /usr/bin/init + | cpt a runit /usr/bin/poweroff + | cpt a runit /usr/bin/reboot + `---- + + +3.2.1 Rebooting after changing init +----------------------------------- + + After switching init systems, your running init system may not accept + the new poweroff commands. You will need to reboot/poweroff using the + running init's utilities for the new utilities to work. These commands + are for the init system currently running on your system and not the + one you are switching to. + + Program Command + -------------------------------- + busybox `busybox reboot' + runit `runit-init 6' + shinit/sinit `kill -s INT 1' + + +4 Contribution Guidelines +========================= + + Thanks for taking your time to contribute! To maintain stylistic + behaviour throughout the repositories, one must adhere to these + conventions. Exceptions and changes may occur with good reasoning. + + +4.1 Conventions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + [0010] + Try to keep the file readable. + [0011] + Characters on a line shouldn't exceed 100 characters. + [0012] + Make sure you don't have code commented out during + commit. Uncomment them or remove them completely. + [0013] + Do not add comments following the code, add them to the + top of the code. It makes it harder to read, and lines + longer. Here is an example: + + ,---- + | # Good way of commenting. + | your code goes here + | + | your code goes here # Avoid this way of commenting. + `---- + + +4.1.1 Shell Conventions +----------------------- + + Shell is central to Carbs Linux projects. Most of the tools and + packages are written in POSIX sh. + + [1010] + Use 4 spaces for indentation, don't use tabs. + [1020] + Make sure you don't use bash-specific code. + [1030] + Make sure you lint your code with `shellcheck' and if you are + new to POSIX sh, use `checkbashisms'. + [1040] + Don't spawn new processes if you don't absolutely need to, + especially during string manipulation. + [1041] + Never use a program for text manupilation that isn't + defined in the POSIX standard. This includes `gawk' and + `perl'. + [1042] + Instead of `$(basename $file)', use `${file##*}'. + [1043] + Instead of `$(dirname $file)', use `${file%/*}'. + + ,---- + | # This is the same thing as basename /path/to/test.asc .asc + | + | $ file=/path/to/test.asc file=${file##*/} file=${file%.asc} + | $ echo $file + | test + `---- + [1050] + Instead of backticks, use `$(..)'. + + +4.1.2 Repository Conventions +---------------------------- + + Repository conventions are important in order to ensure every package + resemble themselves. Here are the things to keep in mind: + + [2010] + Prefer tarballs over git packages unless there is a sensible + reason. Here are some: + - Every patch is a new release. (See [vim]) + - There are no releases. (See [sbase]) + - Following a development branch. + - There has been a long time since the latest release, but + upstream is far ahead. + [2020] + Prefer sources without a dependency to `automake'. There are + usually distribution tarballs that are `autoconf''ed. Don't + submit tarballs with an automake dependency unless you are + `sure' there is no alternative. + [2030] + Avoid these packages: + dbus + Usually can be disabled by `--disable-dbus'. + gettext + Usually can be disabled by `--disable-nls'. + [2040] + - Always install a package to the `/usr' prefix. + - All binaries should go to `/usr/bin', not `/usr/sbin' or any + other directory. + - All libraries should go to `/usr/lib'. + [2050] + All build files on the repository should be a POSIX shell + script, and must start with `#!/bin/sh -e'. + + The next section is about package templates that should be used in + order to ensure stylistic consistency. Note that the option + configurations shouldn't be taken literally, they are meant as + examples. + + +[vim] <https://github.com/vim/vim> + +[sbase] <https://git.suckless.org/sbase> + +* 4.1.2.1 Make [2210] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | make + | make DESTDIR="$1" PREFIX=/usr install + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.2 Configure/Make [2211] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | ./configure \ + | --prefix=/usr \ + | --disable-option \ + | --enable-option + | + | make + | make DESTDIR="$1" install + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.3 Autoconf/Automake [2212] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | autoreconf -fi + | + | ./configure \ + | --prefix=/usr \ + | --disable-option \ + | --enable-option + | + | make + | make DESTDIR="$1" install + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.4 Meson [2220] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | export DESTDIR=$1 + | + | meson \ + | --prefix=/usr \ + | -Doption=false \ + | -Doption2=true \ + | . output + | + | ninja -C output + | ninja -C output install + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.5 Cmake [2230] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | export DESTDIR=$1 + | + | cmake -B build \ + | -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr \ + | -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \ + | -DOPTION=ON + | + | cmake --build build + | cmake --install build + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.6 Go [2240] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | export GOPATH=$PWD/gopath + | trap "go clean -modcache" EXIT INT + | go mod vendor + | + | go build + | install -Dm755 program "$1/usr/bin/program" + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.7 Python [2241] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | python setup.py build + | python setup.py install --prefix=/usr --root="$1" + `---- + + +5 GNU Free Documentation License +================================ + + Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 + + Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + <http://fsf.org/> + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + 0. PREAMBLE + + The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other + functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom: to + assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, + with or without modifying it, either commercially or + noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author + and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being + considered responsible for modifications made by others. + + This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative + works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. + It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft + license designed for free software. + + We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for + free software, because free software needs free documentation: a + free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms + that the software does. But this License is not limited to + software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless + of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We + recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is + instruction or reference. + + 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS + + This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, + that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can + be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice + grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, + to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The + "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member + of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". 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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU + | Free Documentation License''. + `---- + + If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover + Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + + ,---- + | with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with + | the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts + | being LIST. + `---- + + If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other + combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the + situation. + + If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we + recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of + free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to + permit their use in free software. diff --git a/clean.do b/clean.do new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d71b034 --- /dev/null +++ b/clean.do @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +. ./config.rc + +rm -f carbslinux.info carbslinux.html +rm -rf carbslinux +rm -f -- ./*.tar.* +redo_clean +PHONY diff --git a/config.rc b/config.rc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..769faef --- /dev/null +++ b/config.rc @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# -*- mode: redo; -*- +# Source the helper library +. ./lib.rc + +setv PREFIX = /usr/local +setv SHAREDIR = ${PREFIX}/share +setv INFODIR = ${SHAREDIR}/info +setv DOCDIR = ${SHAREDIR}/doc +setv TARBALL = "carbs-docs-$(date +%Y%m%d)" +setv HTMLDIR = ./carbslinux +setv ORG = carbslinux.org +setv TEXI = carbslinux.texi + +setv EMACS = emacs --batch +setv MAKEINFO = makeinfo + +PHONY all dist htmldocs install clean diff --git a/default.do b/default.do new file mode 100644 index 0000000..231765f --- /dev/null +++ b/default.do @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +exec >&2 +. ./config.rc + +fn=${1%.*} + +date=$(date +%Y%m%d) +export date + +case "$1" in + *.txt|*.texi) + [ -f "$fn.org" ] || { + printf '%s\n' "Don't know how to build $1" + exit 1 + } + redo-ifchange "$fn.org" fdl.org + trap 'rm -f $3.org' EXIT INT + cp "$fn.org" "$3.org" +esac + +case "$1" in + all) redo-ifchange carbslinux.info install.txt carbslinux.txt ;; + allclean) + rm -f carbslinux.texi install.txt carbslinux.txt + redo clean + PHONY + ;; + htmldocs) + redo-ifchange carbslinux.org carbslinux.texi install.txt install.html + rm -f "${HTMLDIR:?}/"* + makeinfo --html -o "${HTMLDIR}" "${TEXI}" + cp install.txt "${HTMLDIR}/install.txt" + cp install.html "${HTMLDIR}/install.html" + PHONY + ;; + *.txt) + ${EMACS} "$3.org" -f org-ascii-export-to-ascii + mv "$3.txt" "$3" + ;; + *.texi) + ${EMACS} "$3.org" -f org-texinfo-export-to-texinfo + mv "$3.texi" "$3" + ;; + *.info) + redo-ifchange "$fn.texi" + ${MAKEINFO} "$fn.texi" -o "$3" + ;; + "carbs-docs-$date.tar.xz") + target=$1 dest=$3 + set -- README.md ./*.do ./*.org config.rc lib.rc carbslinux.info \ + install.txt carbslinux.txt + redo-ifchange "$@" + trap 'rm -rf carbs-docs-$date carbs-docs-$date.tar' EXIT INT + mkdir -p "carbs-docs-$date" + cp README.md ./*.do ./*.org config.rc lib.rc \ + carbslinux.info install.txt carbslinux.txt "carbs-docs-$date" + tar cf "carbs-docs-$date.tar" "carbs-docs-$date" + xz -cz "carbs-docs-$date.tar" > "$dest" + ;; + install) + redo-ifchange carbslinux.info carbslinux.txt + mkdir -p "${DESTDIR}${INFODIR}" "${DESTDIR}${DOCDIR}" + cp carbslinux.info "${DESTDIR}${INFODIR}/carbslinux.info" + cp carbslinux.txt "${DESTDIR}${DOCDIR}/carbslinux.txt" + ;; + dist) + redo-ifchange "carbs-docs-$date.tar.xz" + ;; + *) printf '%s\n' "Unknown operation $1"; exit 1 +esac diff --git a/install.html.do b/install.html.do new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90e6c1c --- /dev/null +++ b/install.html.do @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +exec >&2 +. ./config.rc +redo-ifchange "$ORG" htmlize/htmlize.el flatui/flatui-theme.el + +cp "$ORG" "$3.org" +trap 'rm -f $3.org' EXIT INT + +# Org HTML export is a bit of a mess from the command line. I have added flatui +# and htmlize repositories as a submodule so that we don't rely on packages. +${EMACS} "$3.org" --eval \ +'(progn +(load-file "flatui/flatui-theme.el") +(add-to-list '"'"'custom-theme-load-path (concat default-directory "flatui/")) +(load-theme '"'"'flatui t) +(load-file "htmlize/htmlize.el") (org-mode) +(replace-regexp "^* Installation" "* Carbs Linux Installation Guide") +(org-html-export-to-html nil t) +(revert-buffer nil t) +)' + +mv "$3.html" "$3" diff --git a/install.txt b/install.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7a6881 --- /dev/null +++ b/install.txt @@ -0,0 +1,481 @@ + ________________________________ + + CARBS LINUX INSTALLATION GUIDE + + Cem Keylan + ________________________________ + + +Table of Contents +_________________ + +1. Preparing Environment +.. 1. Download +.. 2. Signature verification +.. 3. Extracting the tarball +.. 4. Obtain the chroot helper +2. Chroot +.. 1. Setting up repositories +..... 1. Obtaining from git +..... 2. Obtaining from rsync +..... 3. Making the package manager use the repositories +.. 2. Updating packages +.. 3. Installing packages +.. 4. Essential Software +.. 5. Obtaining the documentation +3. System Configuration +.. 1. Configuring hostname +.. 2. Hosts file +4. Kernel +.. 1. Obtaining the kernel sources +.. 2. Kernel dependencies +.. 3. Building the kernel +5. Making your system bootable +.. 1. Bootloader +..... 1. GRUB BIOS installation +..... 2. GRUB UEFI installation +.. 2. Init scripts +.. 3. Fstab +6. Post-installation +.. 1. KISS repositories + + +These are the step-by-step instructions for installing Carbs Linux. It +can be acquired as plain-text to be viewed offline with a pager from +<https://carbslinux.org/docs/install.txt>. + + +1 Preparing Environment +======================= + + To install Carbs Linux, you will need a Live Linux ISO. For that + purpose, you can obtain a Gentoo or Void Linux live image. You can + follow their instructions to boot and setup your network. + + You will need the following programs in order to install Carbs Linux: + + - tar + - wget + - xz + - some form of base utilities (coreutils, sbase, busybox, etc.) + + Rest of these instructions will assume that you have set all of these + up, and will continue on that point. + + +1.1 Download +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + First, we need to download the rootfs tarball. You can do the + following in order to obtain the rootfs. If you are using an i686 + machine, replace the `x86_64' with `i686'. We are setting this in a + URL variable so that we don't have to write it every time. + + ,---- + | wget $URL/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 + | sha256sum -c carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 + `---- + + +1.2 Signature verification +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + It is highly recommended to verify the signature of the tarball. You + will need GPG for this. + + ,---- + | wget $URL/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig + | gpg --recv-keys FF484BDFEFCEF8FF + | gpg --verify carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig + `---- + + +1.3 Extracting the tarball +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You will need to extract the tarball to your desired location. For + partitioning, you can follow [this guide]. This will assume that you + will be mounting your root partition to `/mnt'. + + ,---- + | mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt + | tar xf carbs-rootfs.tar.xz -C /mnt + `---- + + +[this guide] <https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning> + + +1.4 Obtain the chroot helper +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You can obtain the `cpt-chroot' script in order to do a simple chroot + into your new root filesystem. + + ,---- + | wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/cpt-chroot + | chmod a+x cpt-chroot + `---- + + +2 Chroot +======== + + Chroot into Carbs Linux! + + ,---- + | ./cpt-chroot /mnt + `---- + + +2.1 Setting up repositories +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Newest tarballs do not come with repositories, so you will need to + manually obtain them, and set your `CPT_PATH' environment + variable. Carbs Linux repositories can either be obtained by `git' or + `rsync'. While rsync repositories are overall faster and smaller, git + offers the whole history of the repository and a means to manipulate + your repository as you like it. If you want to obtain the git + repository, you will need to install `git' itself. + + The following guide will assume that you put the repositories into + `~/repos/' directory, but you can put the repositories into any + directory you want. So go ahead and create that directory: + + ,---- + | mkdir -p $HOME/repos + `---- + + +2.1.1 Obtaining from git +------------------------ + + Carbs Linux git repositories can be found both from the main server + and GitHub (mirror). Here are both their repository links. You can + clone any of them. + + - git://git.carbslinux.org/repository + - <https://github.com/carbslinux/repository> + + ,---- + | git clone git://git.carbslinux.org/repository $HOME/repos/carbs + `---- + + +2.1.2 Obtaining from rsync +-------------------------- + + Carbs Linux rsync repositories live in rsync://carbslinux.org/repo. In + order to obtain it, run the following: + + ,---- + | rsync -avc rsync://carbslinux.org/repo $HOME/repos/carbs + `---- + + +2.1.3 Making the package manager use the repositories +----------------------------------------------------- + + In your shell's configuration file, or in your `~/.profile' file, add + the following lines: + + ,---- + | CPT_PATH=$HOME/repos/carbs/core + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/extra + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/xorg + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/community + | export CPT_PATH + `---- + + +2.2 Updating packages +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + It is good practice to make sure your system is up to date, especially + before building new packages. If there is an update for the package + manager you will need to update twice. + + ,---- + | cpt-update && cpt-update + `---- + + +2.3 Installing packages +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Since you are operating on a really small base, you might need to + build and install new programs to extend the functionality of your + system. In order to build and install packages new packages in Carbs, + you need to execute the following. "Package" is not actually a package + and is given as an example. + + ,---- + | cpt-build package + | cpt-install package + `---- + + +2.4 Essential Software +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Here is a list of software that you might want to have on your system. + + *BOOTLOADERS* + + - efibootmgr + - grub + + *FILESYSTEMS* + + - e2fsprogs + - dosfstools + - ntfs-3g + + *NETWORKING* + + - dhcpcd + - wpa_supplicant + + *TEXT EDITORS* + + - nano + - vim + - neatvi + - emacs + - emacs-nox (terminal-only version of emacs) + + *USER SHELLS* + + - bash + - zsh + - oksh + - rc + + *POSIX BASE UTILITIES* + + - busybox + - sbase + - coreutils + + *DOCUMENTATION* + + - carbs-docs + - man-pages + - man-pages-posix + + +2.5 Obtaining the documentation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + All the documentation for Carbs Linux can be found on a single info + manual to be viewed offline. You can obtain texinfo or the info + (standalone) package in order to view the documentation. + + ,---- + | # Install the documentation. + | cpt b carbs-docs && cpt i carbs-docs + | + | # Install either texinfo or the info package. We will be installing standalone info + | # as it doesn't need perl. + | cpt b info && cpt i info + | + | # You can then run info and navigate through the documentation. + | info carbslinux + `---- + + +3 System Configuration +====================== + + After you have finished installing some extra packages, you can + configure your system to your liking. + + +3.1 Configuring hostname +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You might want to add a hostname, especially in a networked + environment. Your hostname will default to 'carbslinux' unless you set + this. + + ,---- + | echo your-hostname > /etc/hostname + `---- + + +3.2 Hosts file +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You can edit your /etc/hosts file, which is the static lookup table + for host names. By default, there are two entries for localhost which + are OKAY. You can replace the 'localhost' part of these entries to + your hostname. + + ,---- + | 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost + | ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost ip6-localhost + `---- + + +4 Kernel +======== + + Kernel isn't managed under the main repositories, even though you + could package one for your personal use. Here is an [example kernel + package], which you will need to reconfigure for your specific setup + if you want to make use of it. + + +[example kernel package] +<https://github.com/cemkeylan/kiss-repository/tree/master/personal/linux> + +4.1 Obtaining the kernel sources +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You can visit the <https://kernel.org> website to choose a kernel that + you want to install. Though only the latest stable and longterm (LTS) + versions are supported. + + ,---- + | # Download the kernel and extract it + | wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz + | tar xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz + | + | # Change directory into the kernel sources + | cd linux-5.9.1 + `---- + + +4.2 Kernel dependencies +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + In order to compile the kernel you will need to install some + dependencies. You will need `libelf' to compile the kernel. If you + want to configure using the menu interface you will also need + `ncurses'. + + ,---- + | # The package manager asks to install if you are building more than one package, + | # so no need to run 'cpt i ...' + | cpt b libelf ncurses + `---- + + In the vanilla kernel sources, you need perl to compile the kernel, + but it can be easily patched out. You will need to apply the following + patch. Patch was written by [E5ten]. You will need to obtain and apply + the patch in the kernel source directory. + + ,---- + | wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/kernel-no-perl.patch + | patch -p1 < kernel-no-perl.patch + `---- + + +[E5ten] <https://github.com/E5ten> + + +4.3 Building the kernel +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Next step is configuring and building the kernel. You can check + Gentoo's [kernel configuration guide] to learn more about the + matter. Overall, Gentoo Wiki is a good place to learn about + configuration according to your hardware. The following will assume a + monolithic kernel. + + ,---- + | make menuconfig + | make + | install -Dm755 $(make -s image_name) /boot/vmlinuz-linux + `---- + + +[kernel configuration guide] +<https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Kernel/Configuration> + + +5 Making your system bootable +============================= + + In order to be able to boot your fresh system, wou will need an + init-daemon, init-scripts and a bootloader. The init daemon is already + provided by busybox, but you can optionally change it. + + +5.1 Bootloader +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + In the main repository, there is efibootmgr and grub to serve as + bootloaders. efibootmgr can be used as a standalone bootloader, or + can be used to install grub in a UEFI environment. efibootmgr is + needed unless you are using a device without UEFI support (or you + really want to use BIOS for a reason). + + +5.1.1 GRUB BIOS installation +---------------------------- + + ,---- + | cpt b grub && cpt i grub + | grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sdX + | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg + `---- + + +5.1.2 GRUB UEFI installation +---------------------------- + + ,---- + | cpt b efibootmgr && cpt i efibootmgr + | cpt b grub && cpt i grub + | + | grub-install --target=x86_64-efi \ + | --efi-directory=esp \ + | --bootloader-id=CarbsLinux + | + | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg + `---- + + +5.2 Init scripts +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Only thing left to do is installing the init-scripts, and now you are + almost ready to boot your system! + + ,---- + | cpt b carbs-init && cpt i carbs-init + `---- + + +5.3 Fstab +~~~~~~~~~ + + You can now manually edit your fstab entry, or you can use the + genfstab tool. If you want to use the tool, exit the chroot and run + the following: + + ,---- + | wget https://github.com/cemkeylan/genfstab/raw/master/genfstab + | chmod +x genfstab + | ./genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab + `---- + + +6 Post-installation +=================== + + The base installation is now complete, you can now fine tune your + system according to your needs. Rest of these instructions are + completely optional. You can check the rest of the documentation to + learn more about the system. + + +6.1 KISS repositories +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + While not 100% compatible with cpt, you can use kiss repositories in + your system the same way you are using the distribution + repositories. Here is an example for the KISS Linux Community + repository. diff --git a/install.txt.do b/install.txt.do new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ce0be9 --- /dev/null +++ b/install.txt.do @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +exec >&2 +. ./config.rc +redo-ifchange "$ORG" + +cp "$ORG" "$3.org" +trap 'rm -f $3.org' EXIT INT + +${EMACS} "$3.org" --eval \ + '(progn (replace-regexp "^* Installation" "* Carbs Linux Installation Guide") + (org-ascii-export-to-ascii nil t))' + +mv "$3.txt" "$3" @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# Various helper functions for redo +# URL: https://github.com/cemkeylan/redo-lib +# LICENSE: CC0 (Public Domain) + +# 'basename' is not used by the functions here, but it doesn't mean that it +# cannot be used at all. +# shellcheck disable=2034 +target=$1 basename=$2 dest=$3 + +# Add dependency to these files as well. +redo-ifchange lib.rc config.rc + +setv() { + # Usage: setv [variable = [key...]] + # + # Variable setting function that somewhat imitates the Makefile syntax. + # - Using = sets the variable. + # - Using ?= sets the variable if it is unset. + # - Using += increments to a variable. + [ "$3" ] || { + printf '%s\n' "Faulty variable syntax" >&2 + exit 1 + } + var=$1 sym=$2; shift 2 + case "$sym" in + ==) export "$var=$*" ;; + =) eval "[ \"\$$var\" ]" || export "$var=$*" ;; + +=) eval export "$var=\$$var $*" + esac +} + +targcheck() { + # Usage: targcheck [target...] + # + # Check if current target is one of the given arguments of this function. + # Returns 0 if target is one of the arguments, returns 1 if not. + for arg; do + [ "$arg" = "$target" ] && return 0 + done; return 1 +} + +PHONY() { + # Usage: PHONY [target...] + # + # Function that resembles the .PHONY: target on the classic 'make' system. + # You can either use it without an argument on a single target, or specify + # multiple targets. + if [ -z "$1" ] || targcheck "$@"; then + # There is no guarantee that the value of dest will not be modified + # during the operation, we want to evaluate the value of $dest as soon + # as possible + # shellcheck disable=2064 + trap "rm -f $dest" EXIT INT + fi +} + +expsuf() { + # Usage: expsuf [suffix [item...]] + # + # Expand suffix for the given list. + suffix=$1 buf=; shift + for i; do buf="$buf $i$suffix "; done; printf %s "$buf" +} + +repsuf() { + # Usage: repsuf [old-suffix new-suffix [item...]] + # + # Replace old-suffix with new-suffix on list. + oldsuffix=$1 newsuffix=$2 buf=; shift 2 + for i; do buf="$buf ${i%$oldsuffix}$newsuffix "; done; printf %s "$buf" +} + +redo_clean() { + # Clean function for various redo implementations + [ -r .do_built ] && { + while read -r file; do + [ -d "$file" ] || rm -f "$file" + done < .do_built + } + find . -type f \( -name '*.tmp' -o -name '*.did' -o -name '.dep*' -o -name '.target*' \) \ + -exec rm -f -- {} + + [ "$DO_BUILT" ] || find . -name '.do_built*' -exec rm -rf -- {} + + [ "$REDO_BASE" ] || rm -rf -- .redo +} |