From d1590234d19724f14e8ba94582986963fce47267 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Cem Keylan Date: Sat, 26 Dec 2020 02:39:36 +0300 Subject: docs: switch to redo build system. --- .gitignore | 9 + Makefile | 40 -- README.md | 25 +- carbslinux.txt | 1327 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ clean.do | 7 + config.rc | 17 + default.do | 69 +++ install.html.do | 21 + install.txt | 481 ++++++++++++++++++++ install.txt.do | 12 + lib.rc | 84 ++++ 11 files changed, 2045 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Makefile create mode 100644 carbslinux.txt create mode 100644 clean.do create mode 100644 config.rc create mode 100644 default.do create mode 100644 install.html.do create mode 100644 install.txt create mode 100644 install.txt.do create mode 100644 lib.rc diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index f65cec4..a93a059 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -2,5 +2,14 @@ carbslinux carbslinux.info *.tar.* +### Redo files +/.redo +/.do_built +/.do_built.dir +*.tmp +*.did +.dep* +.target* + ### Org HTML output *.html diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index cc64acf..0000000 --- a/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -# This Makefile is meant to generate a dist tarball in order to avoid installing -# texinfo on the target system. -PREFIX = /usr/local -SHAREDIR = ${PREFIX}/share -INFODIR = ${SHAREDIR}/info -DOCDIR = ${SHAREDIR}/doc -TARBALL = carbs-docs-`date +%Y%m%d` -HTMLDIR = ./carbslinux -TEXI = contribution.texi cpt.texi init.texi install.texi top.texi -OBJ = carbslinux.info carbslinux.txt - -all: ${OBJ} - @echo run \'make install\' if you want to install the docs. - -clean: - rm -f ${OBJ} ${TARBALL}.tar.gz - -carbslinux.txt: ${TEXI} - makeinfo --plaintext top.texi -o carbslinux.txt - -carbslinux.info: ${TEXI} - makeinfo top.texi -o carbslinux.info - -dist: ${OBJ} - mkdir -p ${TARBALL} - cp ${OBJ} ${TEXI} Makefile README.md ${TARBALL} - tar -cf ${TARBALL}.tar ${TARBALL} - gzip -9 ${TARBALL}.tar - rm -rf ${TARBALL}.tar ${TARBALL} - -htmldocs: ${OBJ} - rm -f -- ${HTMLDIR}/* - makeinfo --html -o ${HTMLDIR} top.texi - makeinfo --plaintext -o ${HTMLDIR}/install.txt install.texi - -install: carbslinux.info carbslinux.txt - install -Dm644 carbslinux.info ${DESTDIR}${INFODIR}/carbslinux.info - install -Dm644 carbslinux.txt ${DESTDIR}${DOCDIR}/carbslinux.txt - -.PHONY: all dist htmldocs install clean diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 78a51fa..9dc1134 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,10 +1,18 @@ Carbs Linux User Manual -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -This is the Carbs Linux documentation written with Texinfo. It can be viewed -offline by installing the `carbs-docs` package. Distribution tarballs comes with -prebuilt info and plaintext pages, so they don't depend on the `texinfo` -package. +This is the Carbs Linux documentation written with Emacs Org-mode. It can be +viewed offline by installing the `carbs-docs` package. Distribution tarballs +come with a prebuilt info page and plaintext pages, so neither `emacs` nor +`texinfo` is necessary. + +You can view offline documentation by doing one of the following: + + less /usr/share/doc/carbslinux.txt + +Or: + + info carbslinux There are two packages in the repository for viewing info files, `texinfo` and `info`. The `info` package only comes with the statically linked documentation @@ -12,10 +20,13 @@ reader, so you don't need `perl` to install it. cpt-build info carbs-docs -To generate pages from the git repository you will need to install `texinfo`. + +To generate info pages from the git repository, you will need to install +`texinfo`. For your convenience, the plaintext and texinfo files are committed +directly on the repository, but those files are generated directly from Emacs. git clone git://git.carbslinux.org/docs cpt-build texinfo && cpt-install texinfo - make - make PREFIX=/usr install + redo + PREFIX=/usr redo install install-info /usr/share/info/carbslinux.info /usr/share/info/dir diff --git a/carbslinux.txt b/carbslinux.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddf94f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/carbslinux.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1327 @@ + _________________________ + + CARBS LINUX USER MANUAL + + Cem Keylan + _________________________ + + +Table of Contents +_________________ + +1. Copying +2. Installation +.. 1. Preparing Environment +..... 1. Download +..... 2. Signature verification +..... 3. Extracting the tarball +..... 4. Obtain the chroot helper +.. 2. Chroot +..... 1. Setting up repositories +..... 2. Updating packages +..... 3. Installing packages +..... 4. Essential Software +..... 5. Obtaining the documentation +.. 3. System Configuration +..... 1. Configuring hostname +..... 2. Hosts file +.. 4. Kernel +..... 1. Obtaining the kernel sources +..... 2. Kernel dependencies +..... 3. Building the kernel +.. 5. Making your system bootable +..... 1. Bootloader +..... 2. Init scripts +..... 3. Fstab +.. 6. Post-installation +..... 1. KISS repositories +3. Init System +.. 1. Configuring Init +..... 1. Kernel Command Line +..... 2. `/etc/init/rc.conf' file +..... 3. Init Hooks +.. 2. Changing Init Program +..... 1. Rebooting after changing init +4. Contribution Guidelines +.. 1. Conventions +..... 1. Shell Conventions +..... 2. Repository Conventions +5. GNU Free Documentation License + + +This is the full documentation of [Carbs Linux], from the details of the +distribution, installation, to the package manager. It is not yet +complete. + +You can build and install the 'info' package in order to view this documentation +with the info reader. It is divided into sections and easier to read. + + +[Carbs Linux] + + +1 Copying +========= + + Copyright (c) 2020 Cem Keylan + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify + this document under the terms of the GNU Free + Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version + published by the Free Software Foundation; with no + Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts and no + Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in + the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." + + +2 Installation +============== + + These are the step-by-step instructions for installing Carbs Linux. It + can be acquired as plain-text to be viewed offline with a pager from + . + + +2.1 Preparing Environment +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + To install Carbs Linux, you will need a Live Linux ISO. For that + purpose, you can obtain a Gentoo or Void Linux live image. You can + follow their instructions to boot and setup your network. + + You will need the following programs in order to install Carbs Linux: + + - tar + - wget + - xz + - some form of base utilities (coreutils, sbase, busybox, etc.) + + Rest of these instructions will assume that you have set all of these + up, and will continue on that point. + + +2.1.1 Download +-------------- + + First, we need to download the rootfs tarball. You can do the + following in order to obtain the rootfs. If you are using an i686 + machine, replace the `x86_64' with `i686'. We are setting this in a + URL variable so that we don't have to write it every time. + + ,---- + | wget $URL/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 + | sha256sum -c carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 + `---- + + +2.1.2 Signature verification +---------------------------- + + It is highly recommended to verify the signature of the tarball. You + will need GPG for this. + + ,---- + | wget $URL/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig + | gpg --recv-keys FF484BDFEFCEF8FF + | gpg --verify carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig + `---- + + +2.1.3 Extracting the tarball +---------------------------- + + You will need to extract the tarball to your desired location. For + partitioning, you can follow [this guide]. This will assume that you + will be mounting your root partition to `/mnt'. + + ,---- + | mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt + | tar xf carbs-rootfs.tar.xz -C /mnt + `---- + + +[this guide] + + +2.1.4 Obtain the chroot helper +------------------------------ + + You can obtain the `cpt-chroot' script in order to do a simple chroot + into your new root filesystem. + + ,---- + | wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/cpt-chroot + | chmod a+x cpt-chroot + `---- + + +2.2 Chroot +~~~~~~~~~~ + + Chroot into Carbs Linux! + + ,---- + | ./cpt-chroot /mnt + `---- + + +2.2.1 Setting up repositories +----------------------------- + + Newest tarballs do not come with repositories, so you will need to + manually obtain them, and set your `CPT_PATH' environment + variable. Carbs Linux repositories can either be obtained by `git' or + `rsync'. While rsync repositories are overall faster and smaller, git + offers the whole history of the repository and a means to manipulate + your repository as you like it. If you want to obtain the git + repository, you will need to install `git' itself. + + The following guide will assume that you put the repositories into + `~/repos/' directory, but you can put the repositories into any + directory you want. So go ahead and create that directory: + + ,---- + | mkdir -p $HOME/repos + `---- + + +* 2.2.1.1 Obtaining from git + + Carbs Linux git repositories can be found both from the main server + and GitHub (mirror). Here are both their repository links. You can + clone any of them. + + - git://git.carbslinux.org/repository + - + + ,---- + | git clone git://git.carbslinux.org/repository $HOME/repos/carbs + `---- + + +* 2.2.1.2 Obtaining from rsync + + Carbs Linux rsync repositories live in rsync://carbslinux.org/repo. In + order to obtain it, run the following: + + ,---- + | rsync -avc rsync://carbslinux.org/repo $HOME/repos/carbs + `---- + + +* 2.2.1.3 Making the package manager use the repositories + + In your shell's configuration file, or in your `~/.profile' file, add + the following lines: + + ,---- + | CPT_PATH=$HOME/repos/carbs/core + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/extra + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/xorg + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/community + | export CPT_PATH + `---- + + +2.2.2 Updating packages +----------------------- + + It is good practice to make sure your system is up to date, especially + before building new packages. If there is an update for the package + manager you will need to update twice. + + ,---- + | cpt-update && cpt-update + `---- + + +2.2.3 Installing packages +------------------------- + + Since you are operating on a really small base, you might need to + build and install new programs to extend the functionality of your + system. In order to build and install packages new packages in Carbs, + you need to execute the following. "Package" is not actually a package + and is given as an example. + + ,---- + | cpt-build package + | cpt-install package + `---- + + +2.2.4 Essential Software +------------------------ + + Here is a list of software that you might want to have on your system. + + *BOOTLOADERS* + + - efibootmgr + - grub + + *FILESYSTEMS* + + - e2fsprogs + - dosfstools + - ntfs-3g + + *NETWORKING* + + - dhcpcd + - wpa_supplicant + + *TEXT EDITORS* + + - nano + - vim + - neatvi + - emacs + - emacs-nox (terminal-only version of emacs) + + *USER SHELLS* + + - bash + - zsh + - oksh + - rc + + *POSIX BASE UTILITIES* + + - busybox + - sbase + - coreutils + + *DOCUMENTATION* + + - carbs-docs + - man-pages + - man-pages-posix + + +2.2.5 Obtaining the documentation +--------------------------------- + + All the documentation for Carbs Linux can be found on a single info + manual to be viewed offline. You can obtain texinfo or the info + (standalone) package in order to view the documentation. + + ,---- + | # Install the documentation. + | cpt b carbs-docs && cpt i carbs-docs + | + | # Install either texinfo or the info package. We will be installing standalone info + | # as it doesn't need perl. + | cpt b info && cpt i info + | + | # You can then run info and navigate through the documentation. + | info carbslinux + `---- + + +2.3 System Configuration +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + After you have finished installing some extra packages, you can + configure your system to your liking. + + +2.3.1 Configuring hostname +-------------------------- + + You might want to add a hostname, especially in a networked + environment. Your hostname will default to 'carbslinux' unless you set + this. + + ,---- + | echo your-hostname > /etc/hostname + `---- + + +2.3.2 Hosts file +---------------- + + You can edit your /etc/hosts file, which is the static lookup table + for host names. By default, there are two entries for localhost which + are OKAY. You can replace the 'localhost' part of these entries to + your hostname. + + ,---- + | 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost + | ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost ip6-localhost + `---- + + +2.4 Kernel +~~~~~~~~~~ + + Kernel isn't managed under the main repositories, even though you + could package one for your personal use. Here is an [example kernel + package], which you will need to reconfigure for your specific setup + if you want to make use of it. + + +[example kernel package] + + +2.4.1 Obtaining the kernel sources +---------------------------------- + + You can visit the website to choose a kernel that + you want to install. Though only the latest stable and longterm (LTS) + versions are supported. + + ,---- + | # Download the kernel and extract it + | wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz + | tar xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz + | + | # Change directory into the kernel sources + | cd linux-5.9.1 + `---- + + +2.4.2 Kernel dependencies +------------------------- + + In order to compile the kernel you will need to install some + dependencies. You will need `libelf' to compile the kernel. If you + want to configure using the menu interface you will also need + `ncurses'. + + ,---- + | # The package manager asks to install if you are building more than one package, + | # so no need to run 'cpt i ...' + | cpt b libelf ncurses + `---- + + In the vanilla kernel sources, you need perl to compile the kernel, + but it can be easily patched out. You will need to apply the following + patch. Patch was written by [E5ten]. You will need to obtain and apply + the patch in the kernel source directory. + + ,---- + | wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/kernel-no-perl.patch + | patch -p1 < kernel-no-perl.patch + `---- + + +[E5ten] + + +2.4.3 Building the kernel +------------------------- + + Next step is configuring and building the kernel. You can check + Gentoo's [kernel configuration guide] to learn more about the + matter. Overall, Gentoo Wiki is a good place to learn about + configuration according to your hardware. The following will assume a + monolithic kernel. + + ,---- + | make menuconfig + | make + | install -Dm755 $(make -s image_name) /boot/vmlinuz-linux + `---- + + +[kernel configuration guide] + + + +2.5 Making your system bootable +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + In order to be able to boot your fresh system, wou will need an + init-daemon, init-scripts and a bootloader. The init daemon is already + provided by busybox, but you can optionally change it. + + +2.5.1 Bootloader +---------------- + + In the main repository, there is efibootmgr and grub to serve as + bootloaders. efibootmgr can be used as a standalone bootloader, or + can be used to install grub in a UEFI environment. efibootmgr is + needed unless you are using a device without UEFI support (or you + really want to use BIOS for a reason). + + +* 2.5.1.1 GRUB BIOS installation + + ,---- + | cpt b grub && cpt i grub + | grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sdX + | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg + `---- + + +* 2.5.1.2 GRUB UEFI installation + + ,---- + | cpt b efibootmgr && cpt i efibootmgr + | cpt b grub && cpt i grub + | + | grub-install --target=x86_64-efi \ + | --efi-directory=esp \ + | --bootloader-id=CarbsLinux + | + | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg + `---- + + +2.5.2 Init scripts +------------------ + + Only thing left to do is installing the init-scripts, and now you are + almost ready to boot your system! + + ,---- + | cpt b carbs-init && cpt i carbs-init + `---- + + +2.5.3 Fstab +----------- + + You can now manually edit your fstab entry, or you can use the + genfstab tool. If you want to use the tool, exit the chroot and run + the following: + + ,---- + | wget https://github.com/cemkeylan/genfstab/raw/master/genfstab + | chmod +x genfstab + | ./genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab + `---- + + +2.6 Post-installation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + The base installation is now complete, you can now fine tune your + system according to your needs. Rest of these instructions are + completely optional. You can check the rest of the documentation to + learn more about the system. + + +2.6.1 KISS repositories +----------------------- + + While not 100% compatible with cpt, you can use kiss repositories in + your system the same way you are using the distribution + repositories. Here is an example for the KISS Linux Community + repository. + + +3 Init System +============= + + Carbs Linux init scripts are run by the init daemon (`busybox' by + default) on boot and shutdown processes. It also provides its own + halting program named shalt. This provides a portable method that + doesn't rely on non-POSIX external programs. + + +3.1 Configuring Init +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + There are three ways you can change the behaviour of the init + system. Those are: + + - Kernel Command Line + - `/etc/init/rc.conf' file + - Init Hooks + + +3.1.1 Kernel Command Line +------------------------- + + On GRUB, you can edit the kernel command line parameters, which will + be parsed as variables on the init system. Not all of the parameters + will be acted upon, but all of them will be set as variables on the + init script. For example an example command line, and how it is + interpreted. + + ,---- + | BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 rw loglevel=3 quiet + `---- + + This command line will be parsed to set the following variables: + + ,---- + | BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz + | root=/dev/sda2 + | rw=1 + | loglevel=3 + | quiet=1 + `---- + + Some of these variables, such as `rw=/=ro', `loglevel', and `quiet', + will be used by the init system to change the behaviour of the + startup. + + +3.1.2 `/etc/init/rc.conf' file +------------------------------ + + However, the kernel command line isn't the only place to set your boot + parameters. You can specify variables here as well, although note that + the kernel command line always gets the priority for these variables + since they can be set just before boot. + + +3.1.3 Init Hooks +---------------- + + Init hooks are for custom personal commands that the user may want to + add to alter their boot. These can be used to load kernel modules, + modify interfaces, and lot more. Those hooks are added to the + `/etc/init' directory with the hook name as the suffix. For example, a + boot script will be placed as `/etc/init/my-hook.boot'. Currently, + there are 4 hooks that the user can use. + + early-boot + Run after pseudo-filesystems are mounted. + boot + Run before the boot stage is completed. + pre.shutdown + Run first when shutting down. + umount + Run just before filesystems are unmounted. + post.shutdown + Run just before the system is halted. + + +3.2 Changing Init Program +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + By default, Carbs Linux comes preinstalled with `busybox-init', but + this can easily be replaced without any issues. Currently, available + init systems are: + + - `sinit' + - `busybox' + - `runit' + - `shinit' + + This example is for runit, but it will work with all init systems + packaged in the distribution repositories. See the + `cpt-alternatives(1)' manual page for more details. + + ,---- + | cpt a runit /usr/bin/init + | cpt a runit /usr/bin/poweroff + | cpt a runit /usr/bin/reboot + `---- + + +3.2.1 Rebooting after changing init +----------------------------------- + + After switching init systems, your running init system may not accept + the new poweroff commands. You will need to reboot/poweroff using the + running init's utilities for the new utilities to work. These commands + are for the init system currently running on your system and not the + one you are switching to. + + Program Command + -------------------------------- + busybox `busybox reboot' + runit `runit-init 6' + shinit/sinit `kill -s INT 1' + + +4 Contribution Guidelines +========================= + + Thanks for taking your time to contribute! To maintain stylistic + behaviour throughout the repositories, one must adhere to these + conventions. Exceptions and changes may occur with good reasoning. + + +4.1 Conventions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + [0010] + Try to keep the file readable. + [0011] + Characters on a line shouldn't exceed 100 characters. + [0012] + Make sure you don't have code commented out during + commit. Uncomment them or remove them completely. + [0013] + Do not add comments following the code, add them to the + top of the code. It makes it harder to read, and lines + longer. Here is an example: + + ,---- + | # Good way of commenting. + | your code goes here + | + | your code goes here # Avoid this way of commenting. + `---- + + +4.1.1 Shell Conventions +----------------------- + + Shell is central to Carbs Linux projects. Most of the tools and + packages are written in POSIX sh. + + [1010] + Use 4 spaces for indentation, don't use tabs. + [1020] + Make sure you don't use bash-specific code. + [1030] + Make sure you lint your code with `shellcheck' and if you are + new to POSIX sh, use `checkbashisms'. + [1040] + Don't spawn new processes if you don't absolutely need to, + especially during string manipulation. + [1041] + Never use a program for text manupilation that isn't + defined in the POSIX standard. This includes `gawk' and + `perl'. + [1042] + Instead of `$(basename $file)', use `${file##*}'. + [1043] + Instead of `$(dirname $file)', use `${file%/*}'. + + ,---- + | # This is the same thing as basename /path/to/test.asc .asc + | + | $ file=/path/to/test.asc file=${file##*/} file=${file%.asc} + | $ echo $file + | test + `---- + [1050] + Instead of backticks, use `$(..)'. + + +4.1.2 Repository Conventions +---------------------------- + + Repository conventions are important in order to ensure every package + resemble themselves. Here are the things to keep in mind: + + [2010] + Prefer tarballs over git packages unless there is a sensible + reason. Here are some: + - Every patch is a new release. (See [vim]) + - There are no releases. (See [sbase]) + - Following a development branch. + - There has been a long time since the latest release, but + upstream is far ahead. + [2020] + Prefer sources without a dependency to `automake'. There are + usually distribution tarballs that are `autoconf''ed. Don't + submit tarballs with an automake dependency unless you are + `sure' there is no alternative. + [2030] + Avoid these packages: + dbus + Usually can be disabled by `--disable-dbus'. + gettext + Usually can be disabled by `--disable-nls'. + [2040] + - Always install a package to the `/usr' prefix. + - All binaries should go to `/usr/bin', not `/usr/sbin' or any + other directory. + - All libraries should go to `/usr/lib'. + [2050] + All build files on the repository should be a POSIX shell + script, and must start with `#!/bin/sh -e'. + + The next section is about package templates that should be used in + order to ensure stylistic consistency. Note that the option + configurations shouldn't be taken literally, they are meant as + examples. + + +[vim] + +[sbase] + +* 4.1.2.1 Make [2210] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | make + | make DESTDIR="$1" PREFIX=/usr install + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.2 Configure/Make [2211] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | ./configure \ + | --prefix=/usr \ + | --disable-option \ + | --enable-option + | + | make + | make DESTDIR="$1" install + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.3 Autoconf/Automake [2212] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | autoreconf -fi + | + | ./configure \ + | --prefix=/usr \ + | --disable-option \ + | --enable-option + | + | make + | make DESTDIR="$1" install + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.4 Meson [2220] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | export DESTDIR=$1 + | + | meson \ + | --prefix=/usr \ + | -Doption=false \ + | -Doption2=true \ + | . output + | + | ninja -C output + | ninja -C output install + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.5 Cmake [2230] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | export DESTDIR=$1 + | + | cmake -B build \ + | -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr \ + | -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \ + | -DOPTION=ON + | + | cmake --build build + | cmake --install build + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.6 Go [2240] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | export GOPATH=$PWD/gopath + | trap "go clean -modcache" EXIT INT + | go mod vendor + | + | go build + | install -Dm755 program "$1/usr/bin/program" + `---- + + +* 4.1.2.7 Python [2241] + + ,---- + | #!/bin/sh -e + | + | python setup.py build + | python setup.py install --prefix=/usr --root="$1" + `---- + + +5 GNU Free Documentation License +================================ + + Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 + + Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + 0. PREAMBLE + + The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other + functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom: to + assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, + with or without modifying it, either commercially or + noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author + and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being + considered responsible for modifications made by others. + + This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative + works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. + It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft + license designed for free software. + + We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for + free software, because free software needs free documentation: a + free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms + that the software does. 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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU + | Free Documentation License''. + `---- + + If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover + Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + + ,---- + | with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with + | the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts + | being LIST. + `---- + + If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other + combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the + situation. + + If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we + recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of + free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to + permit their use in free software. diff --git a/clean.do b/clean.do new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d71b034 --- /dev/null +++ b/clean.do @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +. ./config.rc + +rm -f carbslinux.info carbslinux.html +rm -rf carbslinux +rm -f -- ./*.tar.* +redo_clean +PHONY diff --git a/config.rc b/config.rc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..769faef --- /dev/null +++ b/config.rc @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# -*- mode: redo; -*- +# Source the helper library +. ./lib.rc + +setv PREFIX = /usr/local +setv SHAREDIR = ${PREFIX}/share +setv INFODIR = ${SHAREDIR}/info +setv DOCDIR = ${SHAREDIR}/doc +setv TARBALL = "carbs-docs-$(date +%Y%m%d)" +setv HTMLDIR = ./carbslinux +setv ORG = carbslinux.org +setv TEXI = carbslinux.texi + +setv EMACS = emacs --batch +setv MAKEINFO = makeinfo + +PHONY all dist htmldocs install clean diff --git a/default.do b/default.do new file mode 100644 index 0000000..231765f --- /dev/null +++ b/default.do @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +exec >&2 +. ./config.rc + +fn=${1%.*} + +date=$(date +%Y%m%d) +export date + +case "$1" in + *.txt|*.texi) + [ -f "$fn.org" ] || { + printf '%s\n' "Don't know how to build $1" + exit 1 + } + redo-ifchange "$fn.org" fdl.org + trap 'rm -f $3.org' EXIT INT + cp "$fn.org" "$3.org" +esac + +case "$1" in + all) redo-ifchange carbslinux.info install.txt carbslinux.txt ;; + allclean) + rm -f carbslinux.texi install.txt carbslinux.txt + redo clean + PHONY + ;; + htmldocs) + redo-ifchange carbslinux.org carbslinux.texi install.txt install.html + rm -f "${HTMLDIR:?}/"* + makeinfo --html -o "${HTMLDIR}" "${TEXI}" + cp install.txt "${HTMLDIR}/install.txt" + cp install.html "${HTMLDIR}/install.html" + PHONY + ;; + *.txt) + ${EMACS} "$3.org" -f org-ascii-export-to-ascii + mv "$3.txt" "$3" + ;; + *.texi) + ${EMACS} "$3.org" -f org-texinfo-export-to-texinfo + mv "$3.texi" "$3" + ;; + *.info) + redo-ifchange "$fn.texi" + ${MAKEINFO} "$fn.texi" -o "$3" + ;; + "carbs-docs-$date.tar.xz") + target=$1 dest=$3 + set -- README.md ./*.do ./*.org config.rc lib.rc carbslinux.info \ + install.txt carbslinux.txt + redo-ifchange "$@" + trap 'rm -rf carbs-docs-$date carbs-docs-$date.tar' EXIT INT + mkdir -p "carbs-docs-$date" + cp README.md ./*.do ./*.org config.rc lib.rc \ + carbslinux.info install.txt carbslinux.txt "carbs-docs-$date" + tar cf "carbs-docs-$date.tar" "carbs-docs-$date" + xz -cz "carbs-docs-$date.tar" > "$dest" + ;; + install) + redo-ifchange carbslinux.info carbslinux.txt + mkdir -p "${DESTDIR}${INFODIR}" "${DESTDIR}${DOCDIR}" + cp carbslinux.info "${DESTDIR}${INFODIR}/carbslinux.info" + cp carbslinux.txt "${DESTDIR}${DOCDIR}/carbslinux.txt" + ;; + dist) + redo-ifchange "carbs-docs-$date.tar.xz" + ;; + *) printf '%s\n' "Unknown operation $1"; exit 1 +esac diff --git a/install.html.do b/install.html.do new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90e6c1c --- /dev/null +++ b/install.html.do @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +exec >&2 +. ./config.rc +redo-ifchange "$ORG" htmlize/htmlize.el flatui/flatui-theme.el + +cp "$ORG" "$3.org" +trap 'rm -f $3.org' EXIT INT + +# Org HTML export is a bit of a mess from the command line. I have added flatui +# and htmlize repositories as a submodule so that we don't rely on packages. +${EMACS} "$3.org" --eval \ +'(progn +(load-file "flatui/flatui-theme.el") +(add-to-list '"'"'custom-theme-load-path (concat default-directory "flatui/")) +(load-theme '"'"'flatui t) +(load-file "htmlize/htmlize.el") (org-mode) +(replace-regexp "^* Installation" "* Carbs Linux Installation Guide") +(org-html-export-to-html nil t) +(revert-buffer nil t) +)' + +mv "$3.html" "$3" diff --git a/install.txt b/install.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7a6881 --- /dev/null +++ b/install.txt @@ -0,0 +1,481 @@ + ________________________________ + + CARBS LINUX INSTALLATION GUIDE + + Cem Keylan + ________________________________ + + +Table of Contents +_________________ + +1. Preparing Environment +.. 1. Download +.. 2. Signature verification +.. 3. Extracting the tarball +.. 4. Obtain the chroot helper +2. Chroot +.. 1. Setting up repositories +..... 1. Obtaining from git +..... 2. Obtaining from rsync +..... 3. Making the package manager use the repositories +.. 2. Updating packages +.. 3. Installing packages +.. 4. Essential Software +.. 5. Obtaining the documentation +3. System Configuration +.. 1. Configuring hostname +.. 2. Hosts file +4. Kernel +.. 1. Obtaining the kernel sources +.. 2. Kernel dependencies +.. 3. Building the kernel +5. Making your system bootable +.. 1. Bootloader +..... 1. GRUB BIOS installation +..... 2. GRUB UEFI installation +.. 2. Init scripts +.. 3. Fstab +6. Post-installation +.. 1. KISS repositories + + +These are the step-by-step instructions for installing Carbs Linux. It +can be acquired as plain-text to be viewed offline with a pager from +. + + +1 Preparing Environment +======================= + + To install Carbs Linux, you will need a Live Linux ISO. For that + purpose, you can obtain a Gentoo or Void Linux live image. You can + follow their instructions to boot and setup your network. + + You will need the following programs in order to install Carbs Linux: + + - tar + - wget + - xz + - some form of base utilities (coreutils, sbase, busybox, etc.) + + Rest of these instructions will assume that you have set all of these + up, and will continue on that point. + + +1.1 Download +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + First, we need to download the rootfs tarball. You can do the + following in order to obtain the rootfs. If you are using an i686 + machine, replace the `x86_64' with `i686'. We are setting this in a + URL variable so that we don't have to write it every time. + + ,---- + | wget $URL/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 + | sha256sum -c carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 + `---- + + +1.2 Signature verification +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + It is highly recommended to verify the signature of the tarball. You + will need GPG for this. + + ,---- + | wget $URL/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig + | gpg --recv-keys FF484BDFEFCEF8FF + | gpg --verify carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig + `---- + + +1.3 Extracting the tarball +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You will need to extract the tarball to your desired location. For + partitioning, you can follow [this guide]. This will assume that you + will be mounting your root partition to `/mnt'. + + ,---- + | mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt + | tar xf carbs-rootfs.tar.xz -C /mnt + `---- + + +[this guide] + + +1.4 Obtain the chroot helper +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You can obtain the `cpt-chroot' script in order to do a simple chroot + into your new root filesystem. + + ,---- + | wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/cpt-chroot + | chmod a+x cpt-chroot + `---- + + +2 Chroot +======== + + Chroot into Carbs Linux! + + ,---- + | ./cpt-chroot /mnt + `---- + + +2.1 Setting up repositories +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Newest tarballs do not come with repositories, so you will need to + manually obtain them, and set your `CPT_PATH' environment + variable. Carbs Linux repositories can either be obtained by `git' or + `rsync'. While rsync repositories are overall faster and smaller, git + offers the whole history of the repository and a means to manipulate + your repository as you like it. If you want to obtain the git + repository, you will need to install `git' itself. + + The following guide will assume that you put the repositories into + `~/repos/' directory, but you can put the repositories into any + directory you want. So go ahead and create that directory: + + ,---- + | mkdir -p $HOME/repos + `---- + + +2.1.1 Obtaining from git +------------------------ + + Carbs Linux git repositories can be found both from the main server + and GitHub (mirror). Here are both their repository links. You can + clone any of them. + + - git://git.carbslinux.org/repository + - + + ,---- + | git clone git://git.carbslinux.org/repository $HOME/repos/carbs + `---- + + +2.1.2 Obtaining from rsync +-------------------------- + + Carbs Linux rsync repositories live in rsync://carbslinux.org/repo. In + order to obtain it, run the following: + + ,---- + | rsync -avc rsync://carbslinux.org/repo $HOME/repos/carbs + `---- + + +2.1.3 Making the package manager use the repositories +----------------------------------------------------- + + In your shell's configuration file, or in your `~/.profile' file, add + the following lines: + + ,---- + | CPT_PATH=$HOME/repos/carbs/core + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/extra + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/xorg + | CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$HOME/repos/carbs/community + | export CPT_PATH + `---- + + +2.2 Updating packages +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + It is good practice to make sure your system is up to date, especially + before building new packages. If there is an update for the package + manager you will need to update twice. + + ,---- + | cpt-update && cpt-update + `---- + + +2.3 Installing packages +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Since you are operating on a really small base, you might need to + build and install new programs to extend the functionality of your + system. In order to build and install packages new packages in Carbs, + you need to execute the following. "Package" is not actually a package + and is given as an example. + + ,---- + | cpt-build package + | cpt-install package + `---- + + +2.4 Essential Software +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Here is a list of software that you might want to have on your system. + + *BOOTLOADERS* + + - efibootmgr + - grub + + *FILESYSTEMS* + + - e2fsprogs + - dosfstools + - ntfs-3g + + *NETWORKING* + + - dhcpcd + - wpa_supplicant + + *TEXT EDITORS* + + - nano + - vim + - neatvi + - emacs + - emacs-nox (terminal-only version of emacs) + + *USER SHELLS* + + - bash + - zsh + - oksh + - rc + + *POSIX BASE UTILITIES* + + - busybox + - sbase + - coreutils + + *DOCUMENTATION* + + - carbs-docs + - man-pages + - man-pages-posix + + +2.5 Obtaining the documentation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + All the documentation for Carbs Linux can be found on a single info + manual to be viewed offline. You can obtain texinfo or the info + (standalone) package in order to view the documentation. + + ,---- + | # Install the documentation. + | cpt b carbs-docs && cpt i carbs-docs + | + | # Install either texinfo or the info package. We will be installing standalone info + | # as it doesn't need perl. + | cpt b info && cpt i info + | + | # You can then run info and navigate through the documentation. + | info carbslinux + `---- + + +3 System Configuration +====================== + + After you have finished installing some extra packages, you can + configure your system to your liking. + + +3.1 Configuring hostname +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You might want to add a hostname, especially in a networked + environment. Your hostname will default to 'carbslinux' unless you set + this. + + ,---- + | echo your-hostname > /etc/hostname + `---- + + +3.2 Hosts file +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You can edit your /etc/hosts file, which is the static lookup table + for host names. By default, there are two entries for localhost which + are OKAY. You can replace the 'localhost' part of these entries to + your hostname. + + ,---- + | 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost + | ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost ip6-localhost + `---- + + +4 Kernel +======== + + Kernel isn't managed under the main repositories, even though you + could package one for your personal use. Here is an [example kernel + package], which you will need to reconfigure for your specific setup + if you want to make use of it. + + +[example kernel package] + + +4.1 Obtaining the kernel sources +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + You can visit the website to choose a kernel that + you want to install. Though only the latest stable and longterm (LTS) + versions are supported. + + ,---- + | # Download the kernel and extract it + | wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz + | tar xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz + | + | # Change directory into the kernel sources + | cd linux-5.9.1 + `---- + + +4.2 Kernel dependencies +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + In order to compile the kernel you will need to install some + dependencies. You will need `libelf' to compile the kernel. If you + want to configure using the menu interface you will also need + `ncurses'. + + ,---- + | # The package manager asks to install if you are building more than one package, + | # so no need to run 'cpt i ...' + | cpt b libelf ncurses + `---- + + In the vanilla kernel sources, you need perl to compile the kernel, + but it can be easily patched out. You will need to apply the following + patch. Patch was written by [E5ten]. You will need to obtain and apply + the patch in the kernel source directory. + + ,---- + | wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/kernel-no-perl.patch + | patch -p1 < kernel-no-perl.patch + `---- + + +[E5ten] + + +4.3 Building the kernel +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Next step is configuring and building the kernel. You can check + Gentoo's [kernel configuration guide] to learn more about the + matter. Overall, Gentoo Wiki is a good place to learn about + configuration according to your hardware. The following will assume a + monolithic kernel. + + ,---- + | make menuconfig + | make + | install -Dm755 $(make -s image_name) /boot/vmlinuz-linux + `---- + + +[kernel configuration guide] + + + +5 Making your system bootable +============================= + + In order to be able to boot your fresh system, wou will need an + init-daemon, init-scripts and a bootloader. The init daemon is already + provided by busybox, but you can optionally change it. + + +5.1 Bootloader +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + In the main repository, there is efibootmgr and grub to serve as + bootloaders. efibootmgr can be used as a standalone bootloader, or + can be used to install grub in a UEFI environment. efibootmgr is + needed unless you are using a device without UEFI support (or you + really want to use BIOS for a reason). + + +5.1.1 GRUB BIOS installation +---------------------------- + + ,---- + | cpt b grub && cpt i grub + | grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sdX + | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg + `---- + + +5.1.2 GRUB UEFI installation +---------------------------- + + ,---- + | cpt b efibootmgr && cpt i efibootmgr + | cpt b grub && cpt i grub + | + | grub-install --target=x86_64-efi \ + | --efi-directory=esp \ + | --bootloader-id=CarbsLinux + | + | grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg + `---- + + +5.2 Init scripts +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Only thing left to do is installing the init-scripts, and now you are + almost ready to boot your system! + + ,---- + | cpt b carbs-init && cpt i carbs-init + `---- + + +5.3 Fstab +~~~~~~~~~ + + You can now manually edit your fstab entry, or you can use the + genfstab tool. If you want to use the tool, exit the chroot and run + the following: + + ,---- + | wget https://github.com/cemkeylan/genfstab/raw/master/genfstab + | chmod +x genfstab + | ./genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab + `---- + + +6 Post-installation +=================== + + The base installation is now complete, you can now fine tune your + system according to your needs. Rest of these instructions are + completely optional. You can check the rest of the documentation to + learn more about the system. + + +6.1 KISS repositories +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + While not 100% compatible with cpt, you can use kiss repositories in + your system the same way you are using the distribution + repositories. Here is an example for the KISS Linux Community + repository. diff --git a/install.txt.do b/install.txt.do new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ce0be9 --- /dev/null +++ b/install.txt.do @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +exec >&2 +. ./config.rc +redo-ifchange "$ORG" + +cp "$ORG" "$3.org" +trap 'rm -f $3.org' EXIT INT + +${EMACS} "$3.org" --eval \ + '(progn (replace-regexp "^* Installation" "* Carbs Linux Installation Guide") + (org-ascii-export-to-ascii nil t))' + +mv "$3.txt" "$3" diff --git a/lib.rc b/lib.rc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b03274 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib.rc @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# Various helper functions for redo +# URL: https://github.com/cemkeylan/redo-lib +# LICENSE: CC0 (Public Domain) + +# 'basename' is not used by the functions here, but it doesn't mean that it +# cannot be used at all. +# shellcheck disable=2034 +target=$1 basename=$2 dest=$3 + +# Add dependency to these files as well. +redo-ifchange lib.rc config.rc + +setv() { + # Usage: setv [variable = [key...]] + # + # Variable setting function that somewhat imitates the Makefile syntax. + # - Using = sets the variable. + # - Using ?= sets the variable if it is unset. + # - Using += increments to a variable. + [ "$3" ] || { + printf '%s\n' "Faulty variable syntax" >&2 + exit 1 + } + var=$1 sym=$2; shift 2 + case "$sym" in + ==) export "$var=$*" ;; + =) eval "[ \"\$$var\" ]" || export "$var=$*" ;; + +=) eval export "$var=\$$var $*" + esac +} + +targcheck() { + # Usage: targcheck [target...] + # + # Check if current target is one of the given arguments of this function. + # Returns 0 if target is one of the arguments, returns 1 if not. + for arg; do + [ "$arg" = "$target" ] && return 0 + done; return 1 +} + +PHONY() { + # Usage: PHONY [target...] + # + # Function that resembles the .PHONY: target on the classic 'make' system. + # You can either use it without an argument on a single target, or specify + # multiple targets. + if [ -z "$1" ] || targcheck "$@"; then + # There is no guarantee that the value of dest will not be modified + # during the operation, we want to evaluate the value of $dest as soon + # as possible + # shellcheck disable=2064 + trap "rm -f $dest" EXIT INT + fi +} + +expsuf() { + # Usage: expsuf [suffix [item...]] + # + # Expand suffix for the given list. + suffix=$1 buf=; shift + for i; do buf="$buf $i$suffix "; done; printf %s "$buf" +} + +repsuf() { + # Usage: repsuf [old-suffix new-suffix [item...]] + # + # Replace old-suffix with new-suffix on list. + oldsuffix=$1 newsuffix=$2 buf=; shift 2 + for i; do buf="$buf ${i%$oldsuffix}$newsuffix "; done; printf %s "$buf" +} + +redo_clean() { + # Clean function for various redo implementations + [ -r .do_built ] && { + while read -r file; do + [ -d "$file" ] || rm -f "$file" + done < .do_built + } + find . -type f \( -name '*.tmp' -o -name '*.did' -o -name '.dep*' -o -name '.target*' \) \ + -exec rm -f -- {} + + [ "$DO_BUILT" ] || find . -name '.do_built*' -exec rm -rf -- {} + + [ "$REDO_BASE" ] || rm -rf -- .redo +} -- cgit v1.2.3