diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/busybox.pod | 2549 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 2549 deletions
diff --git a/docs/busybox.pod b/docs/busybox.pod deleted file mode 100644 index bb2c0c0c7..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.pod +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2549 +0,0 @@ -# vi: set sw=4 ts=4: - -=head1 NAME - -BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux - -=head1 SYNTAX - - BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or - - <function> [arguments...] # if symlinked - -=head1 DESCRIPTION - -BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single -small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities -you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, grep, gzip, -tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small -or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than -their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide -the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts. - -BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. -It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or -features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded -systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a shell (such as ash), -and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae). - -=head1 USAGE - -When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when BusyBox -is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself has been invoked. - -For example, entering - - ln -s ./BusyBox ls - ./ls - -will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled -into BusyBox). - -You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the -command line. For example, entering - - ./BusyBox ls - -will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. - -=head1 COMMON OPTIONS - -Most BusyBox commands support the B<-h> option to provide a -terse runtime description of their behavior. - -=head1 COMMANDS - -Currently defined functions include: - -adjtimex, ar, basename, busybox, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear, -cmp, cp, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, dpkg, -dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dutmp, echo, expr, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free, -freeramdisk, fsck.minix, getopt, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid, -hostname, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, kill, killall, klogd, length, ln, -loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, md5sum, -mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nc, -nslookup, ping, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, reboot, -renice, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpmunpack, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sleep, -sort, stty, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp, -touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, unix2dos, update, uptime, usleep, -uudecode, uuencode, watchdog, wc, wget, which, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, [ - -=over 4 - -=item B<adjtimex> - -adjtimex [B<-q>] [B<-o> offset] [B<-f> frequency] [B<-p> timeconstant] [B<-t> tick] - -Reads and optionally sets system timebase parameters. -See adjtimex(2). - -Options: - - -q quiet mode - do not print - -o offset time offset, microseconds - -f frequency frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) - (positive values make the system clock run fast) - -t tick microseconds per tick, usually 10000 - -p timeconstant - -------------------------------- - -=item B<ar> - -ar -[ovR]{ptx} archive filenames - -Extract or list files from an ar archive. - -Options: - - -o preserve original dates - -p extract to stdout - -t list - -x extract - -v verbosely list files processed - -R recursive action - -------------------------------- - -=item B<basename> - -basename FILE [SUFFIX] - -Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE. -If specified, also removes any trailing SUFFIX. - -Example: - - $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo - foo - $ basename /usr/local/bin/ - bin - $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt - bar - -------------------------------- - -=item B<cat> - -cat [FILE]... - -Concatenates FILE(s) and prints them to stdout. - -Example: - - $ cat /proc/uptime - 110716.72 17.67 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<chgrp> - -chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE... - -Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP. - -Options: - - -R Changes files and directories recursively. - -Example: - - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chgrp root /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - -------------------------------- - -=item B<chmod> - -chmod [B<-R>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... - -Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the -symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst. - -Options: - - -R Changes files and directories recursively. - -Example: - - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo* - $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - -------------------------------- - -=item B<chown> - -chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE... - -Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. - -Options: - - -R Changes files and directories recursively. - -Example: - - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chown root /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chown root.root /tmp/foo - ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - -------------------------------- - -=item B<chroot> - -chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...] - -Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. - -Example: - - $ ls -l /bin/ls - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox - $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix - $ chroot /mnt - $ ls -l /bin/ls - -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls* - -------------------------------- - -=item B<chvt> - -chvt N - -Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN - -------------------------------- - -=item B<clear> - -clear - -Clear screen. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<cmp> - -cmp FILE1 [FILE2] - -Compare files. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<cp> - -cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST - -Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. - - -a Same as -dpR - -d Preserves links - -p Preserves file attributes if possible - -f force (implied; ignored) - always set - -R Copies directories recursively - -------------------------------- - -=item B<cut> - -cut [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output. - -Options: - - -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST - -c LIST Output only characters from LIST - -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter - -s Output only the lines containing delimiter - -f N Print only these fields - -n Ignored - -Example: - - $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' ' - Hello - $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' ' - world - -------------------------------- - -=item B<date> - -date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] - -Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date. - -Options: - - -R Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string - -d STRING display time described by STRING, not `now' - -s Sets time described by STRING - -u Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time - -Example: - - $ date - Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dc> - -dc expression ... - -This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the -following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor. -i.e. 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, and 'dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /' -> 16 - -Example: - - $ dc 2 2 + - 4 - $ dc 8 8 * 2 2 + / - 16 - $ dc 0 1 and - 0 - $ dc 0 1 or - 1 - $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc - 64 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dd> - -dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] - [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|sync] - -Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options - - if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin - of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout - bs=N read and write N bytes at a time - count=N copy only N input blocks - skip=N skip N input blocks - seek=N skip N output blocks - conv=notrunc don't truncate output file - conv=sync pad blocks with zeros - -Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), -MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824). - -Example: - - $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4 - 4+0 records in - 4+0 records out - -------------------------------- - -=item B<deallocvt> - -deallocvt N - -Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN - -------------------------------- - -=item B<df> - -df [B<-hmk>] [filesystem ...] - -Print the filesystem space used and space available. - -Options: - - -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) - -m print sizes in megabytes - -k print sizes in kilobytes(default) - -Example: - - $ df - Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on - /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% / - /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot - $ df /dev/sda3 - Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on - /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% / - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dirname> - -dirname [FILENAME ...] - -Strips non-directory suffix from FILENAME - -Example: - - $ dirname /tmp/foo - /tmp - $ dirname /tmp/foo/ - /tmp - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dmesg> - -dmesg [B<-c>] [B<-n> LEVEL] [B<-s> SIZE] - -Prints or controls the kernel ring buffer - -Options: - - -c Clears the ring buffer's contents after printing - -n LEVEL Sets console logging level - -s SIZE Use a buffer of size SIZE - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dos2unix> - -dos2unix [option] [file] - -Converts a text file to/from dos format to unix format. - -Options: - - -u output will be in UNIX format - -d output will be in DOS format - -- when no option is given then input format will be automaticaly detected - - and converted to the oposite format on output -- when no file is given, then stdin is used as input and stdout as output - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dpkg> - -dpkg [B<-i>|B<-r>|-B<-unpack>|-B<-configure>] my.deb - -WORK IN PROGRESS, only usefull for debian-installer - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dpkg_deb> - -dpkg_deb [B<-cefItxX>] file [argument] - -Perform actions on debian packages (.debs) - -Options: - - -c List contents of filesystem tree - -e Extract control files to [argument] directory - -f Display control field name starting with [argument] - -I Display the control filenamed [argument] - -t Extract filesystem tree to stdout in tar format - -x Exctract packages filesystem tree to directory - -X Verbose extract - -Example: - - $ dpkg-deb -X ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb /tmp - -------------------------------- - -=item B<du> - -du [B<-lshmk>] [FILE]... - -Summarizes disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. -Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes. - -Options: - - -l count sizes many times if hard linked - -s display only a total for each argument - -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) - -m print sizes in megabytes - -k print sizes in kilobytes(default) - -Example: - - $ du - 16 ./CVS - 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS - 80 ./kernel-patches - 12 ./tests/CVS - 36 ./tests - 12 ./scripts/CVS - 16 ./scripts - 12 ./docs/CVS - 104 ./docs - 2417 . - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dumpkmap> - -dumpkmap > keymap - -Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard output. - -Example: - - $ dumpkmap > keymap - -------------------------------- - -=item B<dutmp> - -dutmp [FILE] - -Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE -or stdin to stdout. (i.e. 'dutmp /var/run/utmp') - -Example: - - $ dutmp /var/run/utmp - 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0 - 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0 - 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0 - 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0 - 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0 - 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0 - 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<echo> - -echo [B<-neE>] [ARG ...] - -Prints the specified ARGs to stdout - -Options: - - -n suppress trailing newline - -e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc) - -E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters - -Example: - - $ echo "Erik is cool" - Erik is cool - $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool" - Erik - is - cool - $ echo "Erik - is - cool" - Erik - is - cool - -------------------------------- - -=item B<env> - -env [-] [B<-iu>] [name=value ...] [command] - -Prints the current environment or runs a program after setting -up the specified environment. - -Options: - - -, -i start with an empty environment - -u remove variable from the environment - -------------------------------- - -=item B<expr> - -expr EXPRESSION - -Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. - -EXPRESSION may be: - - ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 - ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 - ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2 - ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2 - ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2 - ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2 - ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2 - ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2 - ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2 - ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2 - ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2 - ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2 - ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2 - STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING - match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP - substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 - index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, - or 0 - length STRING length of STRING - quote TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if - it is a keyword like `match' or an - operator like `/' - ( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION - -Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. -Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else -lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between -\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number -of characters matched or 0. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<false> - -false - -Return an exit code of FALSE (1). - -Example: - - $ false - $ echo $? - 1 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<fbset> - -fbset [options] [mode] - -Show and modify frame buffer settings - -Example: - - $ fbset - mode "1024x768-76" - # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz - geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16 - timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4 - accel false - rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0 - endmode - -------------------------------- - -=item B<fdflush> - -fdflush DEVICE - -Forces floppy disk drive to detect disk change - -------------------------------- - -=item B<find> - -find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION] - -Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is -the current directory; default EXPRESSION is 'B<-print>' - -EXPRESSION may consist of: - - -follow Dereference symbolic links. - -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN. - -print Print (default and assumed). - - -type X Filetype matches X (where X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) - -perm PERMS Permissions match any of (+NNN); all of (-NNN); - or exactly (NNN) - -mtime TIME Modified time is greater than (+N); less than (-N); - or exactly (N) days - -Example: - - $ find / -name /etc/passwd - /etc/passwd - -------------------------------- - -=item B<free> - -free - -Displays the amount of free and used system memory - -Example: - - $ free - total used free shared buffers - Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124 - Swap: 128516 8404 120112 - Total: 386144 257128 129016 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<freeramdisk> - -freeramdisk DEVICE - -Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk. - -Example: - - $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<fsck_minix> - -fsck_minix [B<-larvsmf>] /dev/name - -Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems. - -Options: - - -l Lists all filenames - -r Perform interactive repairs - -a Perform automatic repairs - -v verbose - -s Outputs super-block information - -m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings - -f Force file system check. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<getopt> - -getopt [OPTIONS]... - -Parse command options - - -a, --alternative Allow long options starting with single - - -l, --longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized - -n, --name=progname The name under which errors are reported - -o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized - -q, --quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) - -Q, --quiet-output No normal output - -s, --shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions - -T, --test Test for getopt(1) version - -u, --unqote Do not quote the output - -Example: - - $ cat getopt.test - #!/bin/sh - GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \ - -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"` - if [ $? != 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi - eval set -- "$GETOPT" - while true ; do - case $1 in - -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;; - -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;; - -c|--c-long) - case "$2" in - "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;; - *) echo "Option c, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;; - esac ;; - --) shift ; break ;; - *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;; - esac - done - -------------------------------- - -=item B<grep> - -grep [B<-ihHnqvs>] pattern [files...] - -Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input. - -Options: - - -H prefix output lines with filename where match was found - -h suppress the prefixing filename on output - -i ignore case distinctions - -l list names of files that match - -n print line number with output lines - -q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise - -v select non-matching lines - -s suppress file open/read error messages - -Example: - - $ grep root /etc/passwd - root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash - $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd - root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash - -------------------------------- - -=item B<gunzip> - -gunzip [OPTION]... FILE - -Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-'). - -Options: - - -c Write output to standard output - -t Test compressed file integrity - -Example: - - $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz - $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz - $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar - -------------------------------- - -=item B<gzip> - -gzip [OPTION]... FILE - -Compress FILE with maximum compression. -When FILE is '-', reads standard input. Implies B<-c>. - -Options: - - -c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz - -d decompress - -Example: - - $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar - $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar - $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz - -------------------------------- - -=item B<halt> - -halt - -Halt the system. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<head> - -head [OPTION] [FILE]... - -Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. -With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the -file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. - -Options: - - -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10 - -Example: - - $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd - root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash - daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh - -------------------------------- - -=item B<hostid> - -hostid - -Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<hostname> - -hostname [OPTION] {hostname | B<-F> file} - -Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given -(or a file with the B<-F> parameter), the host name will be set. - -Options: - - -s Short - -i Addresses for the hostname - -d DNS domain name - -F, --file FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname - -Example: - - $ hostname - slag - -------------------------------- - -=item B<id> - -id [OPTIONS]... [USERNAME] - -Print information for USERNAME or the current user - -Options: - - -g prints only the group ID - -u prints only the user ID - -n print a name instead of a number (with for -ug) - -r prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug) - -Example: - - $ id - uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen) - -------------------------------- - -=item B<ifconfig> - -ifconfig [B<-a>] <interface> [<address>] - -configure a network interface - -Options: - - [[-]broadcast [<address>]] [[-]pointopoint [<address>]] - [netmask <address>] [dstaddr <address>] - [outfill <NN>] [keepalive <NN>] - [hw ether <address>] [metric <NN>] [mtu <NN>] - [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] - [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen <NN>] [[-]dynamic] - [mem_start <NN>] [io_addr <NN>] [irq <NN>] - [up|down] ... - -------------------------------- - -=item B<init> - -init - -Init is the parent of all processes. - -This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel. - -BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of -the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want -runlevels, use sysvinit. - -BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found, -it has the following default behavior: - - ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS - ::askfirst:/bin/sh - ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot - ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a - ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r - -if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also run: - - tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh - tty3::askfirst:/bin/sh - tty4::askfirst:/bin/sh - -If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as follows: - - <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process> - - <id>: - - WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init! - The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for - the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are - appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to - be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this - field is left blank, the controlling tty is set to the console. Also - note that if BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then only - entries whose controlling tty is either the serial console or /dev/null - will be run. BusyBox init does nothing with utmp. We don't need no - stinkin' utmp. - - <runlevels>: - - The runlevels field is completely ignored. - - <action>: - - Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, - once, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown. - - The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions - that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified - process exits. - - Run only-once actions: - - 'sysinit' is the first item run on boot. init waits until all - sysinit actions are completed before continuing. Following the - completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run. - 'wait' actions, like 'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until - the specified task completes. 'once' actions are asyncronous, - therefore, init does not wait for them to complete. 'ctrlaltdel' - actions are run when the system detects that someone on the system - console has pressed the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination. Typically one - wants to run 'reboot' at this point to cause the system to reboot. - Finally the 'shutdown' action specifies the actions to taken when - init is told to reboot. Unmounting filesystems and disabling swap - is a very good here - - Run repeatedly actions: - - 'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions. When a process - started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts - it. Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from - respawning out of control. The 'askfirst' actions acts just like - respawn, except that before running the specified process it - displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this console." - and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the - specified process. - - Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an - error message, and then go along with its business. All actions are - run in the reverse order from how they appear in /etc/inittab. - - <process>: - - Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line. - -Example /etc/inittab file: - - # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode. - # - ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS - - # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys - # - # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be) - ::askfirst:-/bin/sh - # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4 - tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh - tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh - tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh - - # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys - # - tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 - tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6 - - - # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal) - # - #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100 - #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100 - # - # Example how to put a getty on a modem line. - #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2 - - # Stuff to do before rebooting - ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot - ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r - ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a - - -------------------------------- - -=item B<insmod> - -insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]... - -Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel. - -Options: - - -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version. - -k Make module autoclean-able. - -v verbose output - -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module - -x do not export externs - -------------------------------- - -=item B<kill> - -kill [B<-signal>] process-id [process-id ...] - -Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es). - -Options: - - -l List all signal names and numbers. - -Example: - - $ ps | grep apache - 252 root root S [apache] - 263 www-data www-data S [apache] - 264 www-data www-data S [apache] - 265 www-data www-data S [apache] - 266 www-data www-data S [apache] - 267 www-data www-data S [apache] - $ kill 252 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<killall> - -killall [B<-signal>] process-name [process-name ...] - -Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es). - -Options: - - -l List all signal names and numbers. - -Example: - - $ killall apache - -------------------------------- - -=item B<klogd> - -klogd B<-n> - -Kernel logger. -Options: - - -n Run as a foreground process. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<length> - -length STRING - -Prints out the length of the specified STRING. - -Example: - - $ length Hello - 5 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<ln> - -ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY - -Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET - -You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options. - -Options: - - -s make symbolic links instead of hard links - -f remove existing destination files - -n no dereference symlinks - treat like normal file - -Example: - - $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls - $ ls -l /tmp/ls - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox* - -------------------------------- - -=item B<loadacm> - -loadacm < mapfile - -Loads an acm from standard input. - -Example: - - $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname - -------------------------------- - -=item B<loadfont> - -loadfont < font - -Loads a console font from standard input. - -Example: - - $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname - -------------------------------- - -=item B<loadkmap> - -loadkmap < keymap - -Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input. - -Example: - - $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap - -------------------------------- - -=item B<logger> - -logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE] - -Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin. - -Options: - - -s Log to stderr as well as the system log. - -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name). - -p Enter the message with the specified priority. - This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair. - -Example: - - $ logger "hello" - -------------------------------- - -=item B<logname> - -logname - -Print the name of the current user. - -Example: - - $ logname - root - -------------------------------- - -=item B<logread> - -logread - -Shows the messages from syslogd (using circular buffer). - -------------------------------- - -=item B<ls> - -ls [B<-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk>] [filenames...] - -List directory contents - -Options: - - -1 list files in a single column - -A do not list implied . and .. - -a do not hide entries starting with . - -C list entries by columns - -c with -l: show ctime - -d list directory entries instead of contents - -e list both full date and full time - -F append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries - -i list the i-node for each file - -l use a long listing format - -n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names - -p append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries - -L list entries pointed to by symbolic links - -R list subdirectories recursively - -r sort the listing in reverse order - -S sort the listing by file size - -s list the size of each file, in blocks - -T NUM assume Tabstop every NUM columns - -t with -l: show modification time - -u with -l: show access time - -v sort the listing by version - -w NUM assume the terminal is NUM columns wide - -x list entries by lines instead of by columns - -X sort the listing by extension - -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) - -k print sizes in kilobytes(default) - -------------------------------- - -=item B<lsmod> - -lsmod - -List the currently loaded kernel modules. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<makedevs> - -makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s] - -Creates a range of block or character special files - -TYPEs include: - - b: Make a block (buffered) device. - c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device. - p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes. - -FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device. -LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created. -If 's' is the last argument, the base device is created as well. - -For example: - - makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 -> ttyS2-ttyS63 - makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s -> hda,hda1-hda8 - -Example: - - $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 - [creates ttyS2-ttyS63] - $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s - [creates hda,hda1-hda8] - -------------------------------- - -=item B<md5sum> - -md5sum [OPTION] [FILE]... -or: md5sum [OPTION] B<-c> [FILE] - -Print or check MD5 checksums. - -Options: -With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. - - -b read files in binary mode - -c check MD5 sums against given list - -t read files in text mode (default) - -g read a string - -The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums: - - -s don't output anything, status code shows success - -w warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines - -Example: - - $ md5sum < busybox - 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 - $ md5sum busybox - 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox - $ md5sum -c - - 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox - busybox: OK - ^D - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mkdir> - -mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY... - -Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist - -Options: - - -m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask - -p no error if existing, make parent directories as needed - -Example: - - $ mkdir /tmp/foo - $ mkdir /tmp/foo - /tmp/foo: File exists - $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz - /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory - $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mkfifo> - -mkfifo [OPTIONS] name - -Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p') - -Options: - - -m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw) - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mkfs_minix> - -mkfs_minix [B<-c> | B<-l> filename] [B<-nXX>] [B<-iXX>] /dev/name [blocks] - -Make a MINIX filesystem. - -Options: - - -c Check the device for bad blocks - -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames - -i INODES Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem - -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME - -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mknod> - -mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR - -Create a special file (block, character, or pipe). - -Options: - - -m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) - -TYPEs include: - - b: Make a block (buffered) device. - c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device. - p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes. - -Example: - - $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0 - $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mkswap> - -mkswap [B<-c>] [B<-v0>|B<-v1>] device [block-count] - -Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition. - -Options: - - -c Check for read-ability. - -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs]. - -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > - 2.1.117). - block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition). - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mktemp> - -mktemp [B<-q>] TEMPLATE - -Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE. -TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX). - -Example: - - $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX - /tmp/temp.mWiLjM - $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM - -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM - -------------------------------- - -=item B<more> - -more [FILE ...] - -More is a filter for viewing FILE one screenful at a time. - -Example: - - $ dmesg | more - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mount> - -mount [flags] device directory [B<-o> options,more-options] - -Mount a filesystem - -Flags: - - -a: Mount all filesystems in fstab. - -f: "Fake" Add entry to mount table but don't mount it. - -n: Don't write a mount table entry. - -o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below. - -r: Mount the filesystem read-only. - -t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type. - -w: Mount for reading and writing (default). - -Options for use with the "B<-o>" flag: - - async/sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous. - atime/noatime: Enable / disable updates to inode access times. - dev/nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them. - exec/noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them. - loop: Mounts a file via loop device. - suid/nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them. - remount: Re-mount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags. - ro/rw: Mount for read-only / read-write. - -There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem. -You'll have to see the written documentation for those. - -Example: - - $ mount - /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw) - proc on /proc type proc (rw) - devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw) - $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro - $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mt> - -mt [B<-f> device] opcode value - -Control magnetic tape drive operation - -Available Opcodes: - -bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase -fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 -ras3 reset retension rew rewoffline seek setblk setdensity -setpart tell unload unlock weof wset - -------------------------------- - -=item B<mv> - -mv SOURCE DEST -or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY - -Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. - -Example: - - $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar - -------------------------------- - -=item B<nc> - -nc [IP] [port] - -Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port - -Example: - - $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25 - 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600 - help - 214-Commands supported: - 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH - 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP - quit - 221 foobar closing connection - -------------------------------- - -=item B<nslookup> - -nslookup [HOST] - -Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST - -Example: - - $ nslookup localhost - Server: default - Address: default - - Name: debian - Address: 127.0.0.1 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<ping> - -ping [OPTION]... host - -Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts. - -Options: - - -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings. - -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56). - -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start - and when finished. - -Example: - - $ ping localhost - PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes - 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms - - --- debian ping statistics --- - 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss - round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms - -------------------------------- - -=item B<pivot_root> - -pivot_root new_root put_old - -Move the current root file system to put_old and make new_root -the new root file system. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<poweroff> - -poweroff - -Halt the system and request that the kernel shut off the power. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<printf> - -printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...] - -Formats and prints ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, -Where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf. - -Example: - - $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5 - Val=5 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<ps> - -ps - -Report process status - -This version of ps accepts no options. - -Example: - - $ ps - PID Uid Gid State Command - 1 root root S init - 2 root root S [kflushd] - 3 root root S [kupdate] - 4 root root S [kpiod] - 5 root root S [kswapd] - 742 andersen andersen S [bash] - 743 andersen andersen S -bash - 745 root root S [getty] - 2990 andersen andersen R ps - -------------------------------- - -=item B<pwd> - -pwd - -Print the full filename of the current working directory. - -Example: - - $ pwd - /root - -------------------------------- - -=item B<rdate> - -rdate [OPTION] HOST - -Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST. - -Options: - - -s Set the system date and time (default). - -p Print the date and time. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<readlink> - -readlink - -Read a symbolic link. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<reboot> - -reboot - -Reboot the system. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<renice> - -renice priority pid [pid ...] - -Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range -from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0 -(default priority) to B<-20> (almost nothing else ever gets to run). - -------------------------------- - -=item B<reset> - -reset - -Resets the screen. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<rm> - -rm [OPTION]... FILE... - -Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to -indicate that all following arguments are non-options. - -Options: - - -i always prompt before removing each destinations - -f remove existing destinations, never prompt - -r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively - -Example: - - $ rm -rf /tmp/foo - -------------------------------- - -=item B<rmdir> - -rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... - -Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty. - -Example: - - # rmdir /tmp/foo - -------------------------------- - -=item B<rmmod> - -rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]... - -Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel. - -Options: - - -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules. - -Example: - - $ rmmod tulip - -------------------------------- - -=item B<route> - -route [{add|del|flush}] - -Edit the kernel's routing tables - -------------------------------- - -=item B<rpmunpack> - -rpmunpack < package.rpm | gunzip | cpio B<-idmuv> - -Extracts an rpm archive. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<sed> - -sed [B<-Vhnef>] pattern [files...] - -Options: - - -n suppress automatic printing of pattern space - -e script add the script to the commands to be executed - -f scriptfile add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed - -h display this help message - -If no B<-e> or B<-f> is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the -sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input -files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. - -Example: - - $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g' - bar - -------------------------------- - -=item B<setkeycodes> - -setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ... - -Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, -allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. - -SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), -and KEYCODE is given in decimal - -Example: - - $ setkeycodes e030 127 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<sh> - -sh [FILE]... -or: sh B<-c> command [args]... - -lash: The BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter) - -This command does not yet have proper documentation. - -Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes, -redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts, and has a -sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not (yet) support -Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like "if-then-else", "while", and such -use ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and extremely small shell, -this will do the job. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<sleep> - -sleep N - -Pause for N seconds. - -Example: - - $ sleep 2 - [2 second delay results] - -------------------------------- - -=item B<sort> - -sort [B<-nru>] [FILE]... - -Sorts lines of text in the specified files - -Options: - - -u suppress duplicate lines - -r sort in reverse order - -n sort numerics - -Example: - - $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort - a - b - c - d - e - f - -------------------------------- - -=item B<stty> - -stty [B<-a>|g] [B<-F> device] [SETTING]... - -Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, -and deviations from stty sane. - -Options: - - -F device open device instead of stdin - -a print all current settings in human-readable form - -g print in stty-readable form - [SETTING] see documentation - -------------------------------- - -=item B<swapoff> - -swapoff [OPTION] [device] - -Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. - -Options: - - -a Stop swapping on all swap devices - -------------------------------- - -=item B<swapon> - -swapon [OPTION] [device] - -Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. - -Options: - - -a Start swapping on all swap devices - -------------------------------- - -=item B<sync> - -sync - -Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<syslogd> - -syslogd [OPTION]... - -Linux system and kernel logging utility. -Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf. - -Options: - - -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off) - -n Run as a foreground process - -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages) - -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) - -L Log locally and via network logging (default is network only) - -Example: - - $ syslogd -R masterlog:514 - $ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<tail> - -tail [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. -With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the -file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. - -Options: - - -c N[kbm] output the last N bytes - -n N[kbm] print last N lines instead of last 10 - -f output data as the file grows - -q never output headers giving file names - -s SEC wait SEC seconds between reads with -f - -v always output headers giving file names - -If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with -the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items -in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2). - -Example: - - $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf - nameserver 10.0.0.1 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<tar> - -tar -[cxtvO] [-B<-exclude> File] [B<-X> File][B<-f> tarFile] [FILE(s)] ... - -Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. - -Main operation mode: - - c create - x extract - t list - -File selection: - - f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin - O extract to stdout - exclude file to exclude - X file with names to exclude - -Informative output: - - v verbosely list files processed - -Example: - - $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf - - $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local - -------------------------------- - -=item B<tee> - -tee [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output. - -Options: - - -a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite - -Example: - - $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo - $ cat /tmp/foo - Hello - -------------------------------- - -=item B<telnet> - -telnet host [port] - -Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another -computer over a network using the TELNET protocol. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<test> - -test EXPRESSION - or [ EXPRESSION ] - -Checks file types and compares values returning an exit -code determined by the value of EXPRESSION. - -Example: - - $ test 1 -eq 2 - $ echo $? - 1 - $ test 1 -eq 1 - $ echo $? - 0 - $ [ -d /etc ] - $ echo $? - 0 - $ [ -d /junk ] - $ echo $? - 1 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<tftp> - -tftp command SOURCE DEST - -Transfers a file from/to a tftp server using "octet" mode. - -Commands: - - get Get file from server SOURCE and store to local DEST. - put Put local file SOURCE to server DEST. - -When naming a server, use the syntax "server:file". - -------------------------------- - -=item B<touch> - -touch [B<-c>] file [file ...] - -Update the last-modified date on the given file[s]. - -Options: - - -c Do not create any files - -Example: - - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory - $ touch /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo - -------------------------------- - -=item B<tr> - -tr [B<-cds>] STRING1 [STRING2] - -Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from -standard input, writing to standard output. - -Options: - - -c take complement of STRING1 - -d delete input characters coded STRING1 - -s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character - -Example: - - $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z] - hello world - -------------------------------- - -=item B<true> - -true - -Return an exit code of TRUE (0). - -Example: - - $ true - $ echo $? - 0 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<tty> - -tty - -Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input. - -Options: - - -s print nothing, only return an exit status - -Example: - - $ tty - /dev/tty2 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<umount> - -umount [flags] filesystem|directory - -Unmount file systems - -Flags: - - -a Unmount all file systems in /etc/mtab - -n Don't erase /etc/mtab entries - -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy - -f Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server) - -l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used) - -Example: - - $ umount /dev/hdc1 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<uname> - -uname [OPTION]... - -Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as B<-s>. - -Options: - - -a print all information - -m the machine (hardware) type - -n print the machine's network node hostname - -r print the operating system release - -s print the operating system name - -p print the host processor type - -v print the operating system version - -Example: - - $ uname -a - Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown - -------------------------------- - -=item B<uniq> - -uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]] - -Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT -(or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output). - -Options: - - -c prefix lines by the number of occurrences - -d only print duplicate lines - -u only print unique lines - -Example: - - $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq - a - b - c - -------------------------------- - -=item B<unix2dos> - -unix2dos [option] [file] - -See 'dos2unix -B<-help>' for help! - -------------------------------- - -=item B<update> - -update [options] - -Periodically flushes filesystem buffers. - -Options: - - -S force use of sync(2) instead of flushing - -s SECS call sync this often (default 30) - -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5) - -------------------------------- - -=item B<uptime> - -uptime - -Display the time since the last boot. - -Example: - - $ uptime - 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00 - -------------------------------- - -=item B<usleep> - -usleep N - -Pause for N microseconds. - -Example: - - $ usleep 1000000 - [pauses for 1 second] - -------------------------------- - -=item B<uudecode> - -uudecode [FILE]... - -Uudecode a file that is uuencoded. - -Options: - - -o FILE direct output to FILE - -Example: - - $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu - $ ls -l busybox - -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox - -------------------------------- - -=item B<uuencode> - -uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE - -Uuencode a file. - -Options: - - -m use base64 encoding as of RFC1521 - -Example: - - $ uuencode busybox busybox - begin 755 busybox - <encoded file snipped> - $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu - $ - -------------------------------- - -=item B<vi> - -vi [OPTION] [FILE]... - -edit FILE. - -Options: - - -R Read-only- do not write to the file. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<watchdog> - -watchdog DEV - -Periodically write to watchdog device DEV - -------------------------------- - -=item B<wc> - -wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if -more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input. - -Options: - - -c print the byte counts - -l print the newline counts - -L print the length of the longest line - -w print the word counts - -Example: - - $ wc /etc/passwd - 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd - -------------------------------- - -=item B<wget> - -wget [B<-c>] [B<-q>] [B<-O> file] url - -wget retrieves files via HTTP or FTP - -Options: - - -c continue retrieval of aborted transfers - -q quiet mode - do not print - -O save to filename ('-' for stdout) - -------------------------------- - -=item B<which> - -which [COMMAND ...] - -Locates a COMMAND. - -Example: - - $ which login - /bin/login - -------------------------------- - -=item B<whoami> - -whoami - -Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<xargs> - -xargs [COMMAND] [ARGS...] - -Executes COMMAND on every item given by standard input. - -Example: - - $ ls | xargs gzip - $ find . -name '*.c' -print | xargs rm - -------------------------------- - -=item B<yes> - -yes [OPTION]... [STRING]... - -Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'. - -------------------------------- - -=item B<zcat> - -zcat FILE - -Uncompress to stdout. - -------------------------------- - -=back - -=head1 LIBC NSS - -GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C -library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, -such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it -will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that make use of NSS. -This allows you to run an embedded system without the need for installing an -/etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_* libraries installed. - -If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for authentication -via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will need to adjust the -BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have enough space to install -of that stuff on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities. - -=head1 SEE ALSO - -textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc... - -=head1 MAINTAINER - -Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com> - -=head1 AUTHORS - -The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether -they know it or not. - - -=for html <br> - -Erik Andersen <andersen@lineo.com>, <andersee@debian.org> - - Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the - core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. - -=for html <br> - -John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com> - - du, head, nslookup, sort, tee, uniq (so Kraai could rewrite them ;-), - documentation - -=for html <br> - -Edward Betts <edward@debian.org> - - expr, hostid, logname, tty, wc, whoami, yes - -=for html <br> - -Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com> - - tiny-ls(ls) - -=for html <br> - -Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org> - - fbset, ping, hostname, and mkfifo - -=for html <br> - -Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com> - - more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, - various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance - -=for html <br> - -Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov> - - various fixes, shell rewrite - -=for html <br> - -Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org> - - cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. - -=for html <br> - -Sterling Huxley <sterling@europa.com> - - vi (!!!) - -=for html <br> - -Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> - - mktemp.c - -=for html <br> - -Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu> - - documentation, bugfixes - -=for html <br> - -John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com> - - dirname, tr - -=for html <br> - -Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au> - - ar.c - -=for html <br> - -Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru> - - cmdedit, stty-port, locale, various fixes - and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. - -=for html <br> - -Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com> - - Original author of BusyBox. His code is still in many apps. - -=for html <br> - -Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com> - - wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications - -=for html <br> - -Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org> - - Lots of bugs fixes and patches. - -=for html <br> - -Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com> - - Remote logging feature for syslogd - -=for html <br> - -Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com> - - mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix - -=for html <br> - -Mark Whitley <markw@lineo.com> - - sed remix, bug fixes, style-guide, etc. - -=for html <br> - -Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com> - - gzip, mini-netcat(nc) - -=for html <br> - -Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> - - tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance - -=cut - -# $Id: busybox.pod,v 1.102 2001/04/17 23:57:23 beppu Exp $ |