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Frequently Asked Questions

- -This is a collection of some of the more frequently asked questions -about BusyBox. Some of the questions even have answers. If you -have additions to this FAQ document, we would love to add them, - -

General questions

-
    -
  1. How can I get started using BusyBox?
    2. -
  2. How do I configure busybox?
    3. -
  3. How do I build BusyBox with a cross-compiler?
    4. -
  4. How do I build a BusyBox-based system?
    5. -
  5. Which Linux kernel versions are supported?
    6. -
  6. Which architectures does BusyBox run on?
    7. -
  7. Which C libraries are supported?
    8. -
  8. Can I include BusyBox as part of the software on my device?
    9. -
  9. Where can I find other small utilities since busybox does not include the features I want?
    10. -
  10. I demand that you to add <favorite feature> right now! How come you don't answer all my questions on the mailing list instantly? I demand that you help me with all of my problems Right Now!
    11. -
  11. I need help with BusyBox! What should I do?
    12. -
  12. I need you to add <favorite feature>! Are the BusyBox developers willing to be paid in order to fix bugs or add in <favorite feature>? Are you willing to provide support contracts?
    13. -
- -

Troubleshooting

-
    -
  1. I think I found a bug in BusyBox! What should I do?!
    2. -
  2. I'm using an ancient version from the dawn of time and something's broken. Can you backport fixes for free?
    3. -
  3. Busybox init isn't working!
    4. -
  4. I can't configure busybox on my system.
    5. -
  5. Why do I keep getting "sh: can't access tty; job control turned off" errors? Why doesn't Control-C work within my shell?
    6. -
- -

Misc. questions

-
    -
  1. How do I change the time zone in busybox?
    2. -
- -

Programming questions

-
    -
  1. What are the goals of busybox?
    2. -
  2. What is the design of busybox?
    3. -
  3. How is the source code organized? - -
    4. -
  4. I want to make busybox even smaller, how do I go about it?
    5. -
  5. Adding an applet to busybox
    6. -
  6. What standards does busybox adhere to?
    7. -
  7. Portability.
    8. -
  8. Tips and tricks. - -
    9. -
  9. Who are the BusyBox developers?
    10. -
- - -
-

General questions

- -
-

How can I get started using BusyBox?

- -

If you just want to try out busybox without installing it, download the - tarball, extract it, run "make defconfig", and then run "make". -

-

- This will create a busybox binary with almost all features enabled. To try - out a busybox applet, type "./busybox [appletname] [options]", for - example "./busybox ls -l" or "./busybox cat LICENSE". Type "./busybox" - to see a command list, and "busybox appletname --help" to see a brief - usage message for a given applet. -

-

- BusyBox uses the name it was invoked under to determine which applet is - being invoked. (Try "mv busybox ls" and then "./ls -l".) Installing - busybox consists of creating symlinks (or hardlinks) to the busybox - binary for each applet in busybox, and making sure these links are in - the shell's command $PATH. The special applet name "busybox" (or with - any optional suffix, such as "busybox-static") uses the first argument - to determine which applet to run, as shown above. -

-

- BusyBox also has a feature called the - "standalone shell", where the busybox - shell runs any built-in applets before checking the command path. This - feature is also enabled by "make allyesconfig", and to try it out run - the command line "PATH= ./busybox ash". This will blank your command path - and run busybox as your command shell, so the only commands it can find - (without an explicit path such as /bin/ls) are the built-in busybox ones. - This is another good way to see what's built into busybox. - Note that the standalone shell requires CONFIG_BUSYBOX_EXEC_PATH - to be set appropriately, depending on whether or not /proc/self/exe is - available or not. If you do not have /proc, then point that config option - to the location of your busybox binary, usually /bin/busybox. - (So if you set it to /proc/self/exe, and happen to be able to chroot into - your rootfs, you must mount /proc beforehand.) -

-

- A typical indication that you set CONFIG_BUSYBOX_EXEC_PATH to proc but - forgot to mount proc is: -

-$ /bin/echo $PATH
-/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11
-$ echo $PATH
-/bin/sh: echo: not found
-
- -
-

How do I configure busybox?

- -

Busybox is configured similarly to the linux kernel. Create a default - configuration and then run "make menuconfig" to modify it. The end - result is a .config file that tells the busybox build process what features - to include. So instead of "./configure; make; make install" the equivalent - busybox build would be "make defconfig; make; make install". -

- -

Busybox configured with all features enabled is a little under a megabyte - dynamically linked on x86. To create a smaller busybox, configure it with - fewer features. Individual busybox applets cost anywhere from a few - hundred bytes to tens of kilobytes. Disable unneeded applets to save, - space, using menuconfig. -

- -

The most important busybox configurators are:

- - - -

Some other configuration options are:

- - -

Menuconfig modifies your .config file through an interactive menu where you can enable or disable - busybox features, and get help about each feature. - -

- To build a smaller busybox binary, run "make menuconfig" and disable the - features you don't need. (Or run "make allnoconfig" and then use - menuconfig to add just the features you need. Don't forget to recompile - with "make" once you've finished configuring.) -

- -
-

How do I build BusyBox with a cross-compiler?

- -

- To build busybox with a cross-compiler, specify CROSS_COMPILE=<prefix>. -

-

- CROSS_COMPILE specifies the prefix used for all executables used - during compilation. Only gcc and related binutils executables - are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE) in the makefiles. - CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line: -

-
-   make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-uclibcgnueabi-
-
-

- Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment. - Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables. -

-

- To store the cross-compiler in your .config, set the variable - CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILER_PREFIX accordingly in menuconfig or by - editing the .config file. -

- -
-

How do I build a BusyBox-based system?

- -

- BusyBox is a package that replaces a dozen standard packages, but it is - not by itself a complete bootable system. Building an entire Linux - distribution from source is a bit beyond the scope of this FAQ, but it - understandably keeps cropping up on the mailing list, so here are some - pointers. -

-

- Start by learning how to strip a working system down to the bare essentials - needed to run one or two commands, so you know what it is you actually - need. An excellent practical place to do - this is the Linux - BootDisk Howto, or for a more theoretical approach try - From - PowerUp to Bash Prompt. -

-

- To learn how to build a working Linux system entirely from source code, - the place to go is the Linux - From Scratch project. They have an entire book of step-by-step - instructions you can - read online - or - download. - Be sure to check out the other sections of their main page, including - Beyond Linux From Scratch, Hardened Linux From Scratch, their Hints - directory, and their LiveCD project. (They also have mailing lists which - are better sources of answers to Linux-system building questions than - the busybox list.) -

-

- If you want an automated yet customizable system builder which produces - a BusyBox and uClibc based system, try - buildroot, which is - another project by the maintainer of the uClibc (Erik Andersen). - Download the tarball, extract it, unset CC, make. - For more instructions, see the website. -

- -
-

Which Linux kernel versions are supported?

- -

- Full functionality requires Linux 2.4.x or better. (Earlier versions may - still work, but are no longer regularly tested.) A large fraction of the - code should run on just about anything. While the current code is fairly - Linux specific, it should be fairly easy to port the majority of the code - to support, say, FreeBSD or Solaris, or Mac OS X, or even Windows (if you - are into that sort of thing). -

- -
-

Which architectures does BusyBox run on?

- -

- BusyBox in general will build on any architecture supported by gcc. - Kernel module loading for 2.4 Linux kernels is currently - limited to ARM, CRIS, H8/300, x86, ia64, x86_64, m68k, MIPS, PowerPC, - S390, SH3/4/5, Sparc, v850e, and x86_64 for 2.4.x kernels. -

-

- With 2.6.x kernels, module loading support should work on all architectures. -

- -
-

Which C libraries are supported?

- -

- On Linux, BusyBox releases are tested against uClibc (0.9.27 or later) and - glibc (2.2 or later). Both should provide full functionality with busybox, - and if you find a bug we want to hear about it. -

-

- Linux-libc5 is no longer maintained (and has no known advantages over - uClibc), dietlibc is known to have numerous unfixed bugs, and klibc is - missing too many features to build BusyBox. If you require a small C - library for Linux, the busybox developers recommend uClibc. -

-

- Some BusyBox applets have been built and run under a combination - of newlib and libgloss (see - this thread). - This is still experimental, but may be supported in a future release. -

- -
-

Can I include BusyBox as part of the software on my device?

- -

- Yes. As long as you fully comply - with the generous terms of the GPL BusyBox license you can ship BusyBox - as part of the software on your device. -

- -
-

Where can I find other small utilities since busybox - does not include the features i want?

- -

- we maintain such a list on this site! -

- -
-

I demand that you to add <favorite feature> right now! How come you don't answer all my questions on the mailing list instantly? I demand that you help me with all of my problems Right Now!

- -

- You have not paid us a single cent and yet you still have the product of - many years of our work. We are not your slaves! We work on BusyBox - because we find it useful and interesting. If you go off flaming us, we - will ignore you. - -

-

I need help with BusyBox! What should I do?

- -

- If you find that you need help with BusyBox, you can ask for help on the - BusyBox mailing list at busybox@busybox.net.

- -

In addition to the mailing list, Erik Andersen (andersee), Manuel Nova - (mjn3), Rob Landley (landley), Mike Frysinger (SpanKY), - Bernhard Reutner-Fischer (blindvt), and other long-time BusyBox developers - are known to hang out on the uClibc IRC channel: #uclibc on - irc.freenode.net. There is a - web archive of - daily logs of the #uclibc IRC channel going back to 2002. -

- -

- Please do not send private email to Rob, Erik, Manuel, or the other - BusyBox contributors asking for private help unless you are planning on - paying for consulting services. -

- -

- When we answer questions on the BusyBox mailing list, it helps everyone - since people with similar problems in the future will be able to get help - by searching the mailing list archives. Private help is reserved as a paid - service. If you need to use private communication, or if you are serious - about getting timely assistance with BusyBox, you should seriously consider - paying for consulting services. -

- -
-

I need you to add <favorite feature>! Are the BusyBox developers willing to be paid in order to fix bugs or add in <favorite feature>? Are you willing to provide support contracts?

- -

- Yes we are. The easy way to sponsor a new feature is to post an offer on - the mailing list to see who's interested. You can also email the project's - maintainer and ask them to recommend someone. -

- -
-

Troubleshooting

- -
-

I think I found a bug in BusyBox! What should I do?

- -

- If you simply need help with using or configuring BusyBox, please submit a - detailed description of your problem to the BusyBox mailing list at busybox@busybox.net. - Please do not send email to individual developers asking - for private help unless you are planning on paying for consulting services. - When we answer questions on the BusyBox mailing list, it helps everyone, - while private answers help only you... -

- -

- Bug reports and new feature patches sometimes get lost when posted to the - mailing list, because the developers of BusyBox are busy people and have - only so much they can keep in their brains at a time. You can post a - polite reminder after 2-3 days without offending anybody. If that doesn't - result in a solution, please use the - BusyBox Bug - and Patch Tracking System to submit a detailed explanation and we'll - get to it as soon as we can. -

- -

- Note that bugs entered into the bug system without being mentioned on the - mailing list first may languish there for months before anyone even notices - them. We generally go through the bug system when preparing for new - development releases, to see what fell through the cracks while we were - off writing new features. (It's a fast/unreliable vs slow/reliable thing. - Saves retransits, but the latency sucks.) -

- -
-

I'm using an ancient version from the dawn of time and something's broken. Can you backport fixes for free?

- -

Variants of this one get asked a lot.

- -

The purpose of the BusyBox mailing list is to develop and improve BusyBox, -and we're happy to respond to our users' needs. But if you're coming to the -list for free tech support we're going to ask you to upgrade to a current -version before we try to diagnose your problem.

- -

If you're building BusyBox 0.50 with uClibc 0.9.19 and gcc 1.27 there's a -fairly large chance that whatever problem you're seeing has already been fixed. -To get that fix, all you have to do is upgrade to a newer version. If you -don't at least _try_ that, you're wasting our time.

- -

The volunteers are happy to fix any bugs you point out in the current -versions because doing so helps everybody and makes the project better. We -want to make the current version work for you. But diagnosing, debugging, and -backporting fixes to old versions isn't something we do for free, because it -doesn't help anybody but you. The cost of volunteer tech support is using a -reasonably current version of the project.

- -

If you don't want to upgrade, you have the complete source code and thus -the ability to fix it yourself, or hire a consultant to do it for you. If you -got your version from a vendor who still supports the older version, they can -help you. But there are limits as to what the volunteers will feel obliged to -do for you.

- -

As a rule of thumb, volunteers will generally answer polite questions about -a given version for about three years after its release before it's so old -we don't remember the answer off the top of our head. And if you want us to -put any _effort_ into tracking it down, we want you to put in a little effort -of your own by confirming it's still a problem with the current version. It's -also hard for us to fix a problem of yours if we can't reproduce it because -we don't have any systems running an environment that old.

- -

A consultant will happily set up a special environment just to reproduce -your problem, and you can always ask on the list if any of the developers -have consulting rates.

- -
-

Busybox init isn't working!

- -

- Init is the first program that runs, so it might be that no programs are - working on your new system because of a problem with your cross-compiler, - kernel, console settings, shared libraries, root filesystem... To rule all - that out, first build a statically linked version of the following "hello - world" program with your cross compiler toolchain: -

-
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv)
-{
-  printf("Hello world!\n");
-  sleep(999999999);
-}
-
- -

- Now try to boot your device with an "init=" argument pointing to your - hello world program. Did you see the hello world message? Until you - do, don't bother messing with busybox init. -

- -

- Once you've got it working statically linked, try getting it to work - dynamically linked. Then read the FAQ entry How - do I build a BusyBox-based system?, and the - documentation for BusyBox - init. -

- -
-

I can't configure busybox on my system.

- -

- Configuring Busybox depends on a recent version of sed. Older - distributions (Red Hat 7.2, Debian 3.0) may not come with a - usable version. Luckily BusyBox can use its own sed to configure itself, - although this leads to a bit of a chicken and egg problem. - You can work around this by hand-configuring busybox to build with just - sed, then putting that sed in your path to configure the rest of busybox - with, like so: -

- -
-  tar xvjf sources/busybox-x.x.x.tar.bz2
-  cd busybox-x.x.x
-  make allnoconfig
-  make include/bb_config.h
-  echo "CONFIG_SED=y" >> .config
-  echo "#undef ENABLE_SED" >> include/bb_config.h
-  echo "#define ENABLE_SED 1" >> include/bb_config.h
-  make
-  mv busybox sed
-  export PATH=`pwd`:"$PATH"
-
- -

Then you can run "make defconfig" or "make menuconfig" normally.

- -
-

Why do I keep getting "sh: can't access tty; job control turned off" errors? Why doesn't Control-C work within my shell?

- -

- Job control will be turned off since your shell can not obtain a controlling - terminal. This typically happens when you run your shell on /dev/console. - The kernel will not provide a controlling terminal on the /dev/console - device. Your should run your shell on a normal tty such as tty1 or ttyS0 - and everything will work perfectly. If you REALLY want your shell - to run on /dev/console, then you can hack your kernel (if you are into that - sortof thing) by changing drivers/char/tty_io.c to change the lines where - it sets "noctty = 1;" to instead set it to "0". I recommend you instead - run your shell on a real console... -

- -
-

Misc. questions

- -
-

How do I change the time zone in busybox?

- -

Busybox has nothing to do with the timezone. Please consult your libc -documentation. (http://google.com/search?q=uclibc+glibc+timezone).

- -
-

Development

- -
-

What are the goals of busybox?

- -

Busybox aims to be the smallest and simplest correct implementation of the -standard Linux command line tools. First and foremost, this means the -smallest executable size we can manage. We also want to have the simplest -and cleanest implementation we can manage, be standards -compliant, minimize run-time memory usage (heap and stack), run fast, and -take over the world.

- -
-

What is the design of busybox?

- -

Busybox is like a swiss army knife: one thing with many functions. -The busybox executable can act like many different programs depending on -the name used to invoke it. Normal practice is to create a bunch of symlinks -pointing to the busybox binary, each of which triggers a different busybox -function. (See getting started in the -FAQ for more information on usage, and the -busybox documentation for a list of symlink names and what they do.) - -

The "one binary to rule them all" approach is primarily for size reasons: a -single multi-purpose executable is smaller then many small files could be. -This way busybox only has one set of ELF headers, it can easily share code -between different apps even when statically linked, it has better packing -efficiency by avoding gaps between files or compression dictionary resets, -and so on.

- -

Work is underway on new options such as "make standalone" to build separate -binaries for each applet, and a "libbb.so" to make the busybox common code -available as a shared library. Neither is ready yet at the time of this -writing.

- - - -
-

The applet directories

- -

The directory "applets" contains the busybox startup code (applets.c and -busybox.c), and several subdirectories containing the code for the individual -applets.

- -

Busybox execution starts with the main() function in applets/busybox.c, -which sets the global variable applet_name to argv[0] and calls -run_applet_and_exit() in applets/applets.c. That uses the applets[] array -(defined in include/busybox.h and filled out in include/applets.h) to -transfer control to the appropriate APPLET_main() function (such as -cat_main() or sed_main()). The individual applet takes it from there.

- -

This is why calling busybox under a different name triggers different -functionality: main() looks up argv[0] in applets[] to get a function pointer -to APPLET_main().

- -

Busybox applets may also be invoked through the multiplexor applet -"busybox" (see busybox_main() in libbb/appletlib.c), and through the -standalone shell (grep for STANDALONE_SHELL in applets/shell/*.c). -See getting started in the -FAQ for more information on these alternate usage mechanisms, which are -just different ways to reach the relevant APPLET_main() function.

- -

The applet subdirectories (archival, console-tools, coreutils, -debianutils, e2fsprogs, editors, findutils, init, loginutils, miscutils, -modutils, networking, procps, shell, sysklogd, and util-linux) correspond -to the configuration sub-menus in menuconfig. Each subdirectory contains the -code to implement the applets in that sub-menu, as well as a Config.in -file defining that configuration sub-menu (with dependencies and help text -for each applet), and the makefile segment (Makefile.in) for that -subdirectory.

- -

The run-time --help is stored in usage_messages[], which is initialized at -the start of applets/applets.c and gets its help text from usage.h. During the -build this help text is also used to generate the BusyBox documentation (in -html, txt, and man page formats) in the docs directory. See -adding an applet to busybox for more -information.

- -
-

libbb

- -

Most non-setup code shared between busybox applets lives in the libbb -directory. It's a mess that evolved over the years without much auditing -or cleanup. For anybody looking for a great project to break into busybox -development with, documenting libbb would be both incredibly useful and good -experience.

- -

Common themes in libbb include allocation functions that test -for failure and abort the program with an error message so the caller doesn't -have to test the return value (xmalloc(), xstrdup(), etc), wrapped versions -of open(), close(), read(), and write() that test for their own failures -and/or retry automatically, linked list management functions (llist.c), -command line argument parsing (getopt32.c), and a whole lot more.

- -
-

I want to make busybox even smaller, how do I go about it?

- -

- To conserve bytes it's good to know where they're being used, and the - size of the final executable isn't always a reliable indicator of - the size of the components (since various structures are rounded up, - so a small change may not even be visible by itself, but many small - savings add up). -

- -

The busybox Makefile builds two versions of busybox, one of which - (busybox_unstripped) has extra information that various analysis tools - can use. (This has nothing to do with CONFIG_DEBUG, leave that off - when trying to optimize for size.) -

- -

The "make bloatcheck" option uses Matt Mackall's bloat-o-meter - script to compare two versions of busybox (busybox_unstripped vs - busybox_old), and report which symbols changed size and by how much. - To use it, first build a base version with "make baseline". - (This creates busybox_old, which should have the original sizes for - comparison purposes.) Then build the new version with your changes - and run "make bloatcheck" to see the size differences from the old - version. -

-

- The first line of output has totals: how many symbols were added or - removed, how many symbols grew or shrank, the number of bytes added - and number of bytes removed by these changes, and finally the total - number of bytes difference between the two files. The remaining - lines show each individual symbol, the old and new sizes, and the - increase or decrease in size (which results are sorted by). -

-

- The "make sizes" option produces raw symbol size information for - busybox_unstripped. This is the output from the "nm --size-sort" - command (see "man nm" for more information), and is the information - bloat-o-meter parses to produce the comparison report above. For - defconfig, this is a good way to find the largest symbols in the tree - (which is a good place to start when trying to shrink the code). To - take a closer look at individual applets, configure busybox with just - one applet (run "make allnoconfig" and then switch on a single applet - with menuconfig), and then use "make sizes" to see the size of that - applet's components. -

-

- The "showasm" command (in the scripts directory) produces an assembly - dump of a function, providing a closer look at what changed. Try - "scripts/showasm busybox_unstripped" to list available symbols, and - "scripts/showasm busybox_unstripped symbolname" to see the assembly - for a sepecific symbol. -

- -
-

Adding an applet to busybox

- -

To add a new applet to busybox, first pick a name for the applet and -a corresponding CONFIG_NAME. Then do this:

- - - -
-

What standards does busybox adhere to?

- -

The standard we're paying attention to is the "Shell and Utilities" -portion of the Open -Group Base Standards (also known as the Single Unix Specification version -3 or SUSv3). Note that paying attention isn't necessarily the same thing as -following it.

- -

SUSv3 doesn't even mention things like init, mount, tar, or losetup, nor -commonly used options like echo's '-e' and '-n', or sed's '-i'. Busybox is -driven by what real users actually need, not the fact the standard believes -we should implement ed or sccs. For size reasons, we're unlikely to include -much internationalization support beyond UTF-8, and on top of all that, our -configuration menu lets developers chop out features to produce smaller but -very non-standard utilities.

- -

Also, Busybox is aimed primarily at Linux. Unix standards are interesting -because Linux tries to adhere to them, but portability to dozens of platforms -is only interesting in terms of offering a restricted feature set that works -everywhere, not growing dozens of platform-specific extensions. Busybox -should be portable to all hardware platforms Linux supports, and any other -similar operating systems that are easy to do and won't require much -maintenance.

- -

In practice, standards compliance tends to be a clean-up step once an -applet is otherwise finished. When polishing and testing a busybox applet, -we ensure we have at least the option of full standards compliance, or else -document where we (intentionally) fall short.

- -
-

Portability.

- -

Busybox is a Linux project, but that doesn't mean we don't have to worry -about portability. First of all, there are different hardware platforms, -different C library implementations, different versions of the kernel and -build toolchain... The file "include/platform.h" exists to centralize and -encapsulate various platform-specific things in one place, so most busybox -code doesn't have to care where it's running.

- -

To start with, Linux runs on dozens of hardware platforms. We try to test -each release on x86, x86-64, arm, power pc, and mips. (Since qemu can handle -all of these, this isn't that hard.) This means we have to care about a number -of portability issues like endianness, word size, and alignment, all of which -belong in platform.h. That header handles conditional #includes and gives -us macros we can use in the rest of our code. At some point in the future -we might grow a platform.c, possibly even a platform subdirectory. As long -as the applets themselves don't have to care.

- -

On a related note, we made the "default signedness of char varies" problem -go away by feeding the compiler -funsigned-char. This gives us consistent -behavior on all platforms, and defaults to 8-bit clean text processing (which -gets us halfway to UTF-8 support). NOMMU support is less easily separated -(see the tips section later in this document), but we're working on it.

- -

Another type of portability is build environments: we unapologetically use -a number of gcc and glibc extensions (as does the Linux kernel), but these have -been picked up by packages like uClibc, TCC, and Intel's C Compiler. As for -gcc, we take advantage of newer compiler optimizations to get the smallest -possible size, but we also regression test against an older build environment -using the Red Hat 9 image at "http://busybox.net/downloads/qemu". This has a -2.4 kernel, gcc 3.2, make 3.79.1, and glibc 2.3, and is the oldest -build/deployment environment we still put any effort into maintaining. (If -anyone takes an interest in older kernels you're welcome to submit patches, -but the effort would probably be better spent -trimming -down the 2.6 kernel.) Older gcc versions than that are uninteresting since -we now use c99 features, although -tcc might be worth a -look.

- -

We also test busybox against the current release of uClibc. Older versions -of uClibc aren't very interesting (they were buggy, and uClibc wasn't really -usable as a general-purpose C library before version 0.9.26 anyway).

- -

Other unix implementations are mostly uninteresting, since Linux binaries -have become the new standard for portable Unix programs. Specifically, -the ubiquity of Linux was cited as the main reason the Intel Binary -Compatability Standard 2 died, by the standards group organized to name a -successor to ibcs2: the 86open -project. That project disbanded in 1999 with the endorsement of an -existing standard: Linux ELF binaries. Since then, the major players at the -time (such as AIX, Solaris, and -FreeBSD) -have all either grown Linux support or folded.

- -

The major exceptions are newcomer MacOS X, some embedded environments -(such as newlib+libgloss) which provide a posix environment but not a full -Linux environment, and environments like Cygwin that provide only partial Linux -emulation. Also, some embedded Linux systems run a Linux kernel but amputate -things like the /proc directory to save space.

- -

Supporting these systems is largely a question of providing a clean subset -of BusyBox's functionality -- whichever applets can easily be made to -work in that environment. Annotating the configuration system to -indicate which applets require which prerequisites (such as procfs) is -also welcome. Other efforts to support these systems (swapping #include -files to build in different environments, adding adapter code to platform.h, -adding more extensive special-case supporting infrastructure such as mount's -legacy mtab support) are handled on a case-by-case basis. Support that can be -cleanly hidden in platform.h is reasonably attractive, and failing that -support that can be cleanly separated into a separate conditionally compiled -file is at least worth a look. Special-case code in the body of an applet is -something we're trying to avoid.

- -
-

Programming tips and tricks.

- -

Various things busybox uses that aren't particularly well documented -elsewhere.

- -
-

Encrypted Passwords

- -

Password fields in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow are in a special format. -If the first character isn't '$', then it's an old DES style password. If -the first character is '$' then the password is actually three fields -separated by '$' characters:

-
-  $type$salt$encrypted_password
-
- -

The "type" indicates which encryption algorithm to use: 1 for MD5 and 2 for SHA1.

- -

The "salt" is a bunch of ramdom characters (generally 8) the encryption -algorithm uses to perturb the password in a known and reproducible way (such -as by appending the random data to the unencrypted password, or combining -them with exclusive or). Salt is randomly generated when setting a password, -and then the same salt value is re-used when checking the password. (Salt is -thus stored unencrypted.)

- -

The advantage of using salt is that the same cleartext password encrypted -with a different salt value produces a different encrypted value. -If each encrypted password uses a different salt value, an attacker is forced -to do the cryptographic math all over again for each password they want to -check. Without salt, they could simply produce a big dictionary of commonly -used passwords ahead of time, and look up each password in a stolen password -file to see if it's a known value. (Even if there are billions of possible -passwords in the dictionary, checking each one is just a binary search against -a file only a few gigabytes long.) With salt they can't even tell if two -different users share the same password without guessing what that password -is and decrypting it. They also can't precompute the attack dictionary for -a specific password until they know what the salt value is.

- -

The third field is the encrypted password (plus the salt). For md5 this -is 22 bytes.

- -

The busybox function to handle all this is pw_encrypt(clear, salt) in -"libbb/pw_encrypt.c". The first argument is the clear text password to be -encrypted, and the second is a string in "$type$salt$password" format, from -which the "type" and "salt" fields will be extracted to produce an encrypted -value. (Only the first two fields are needed, the third $ is equivalent to -the end of the string.) The return value is an encrypted password in -/etc/passwd format, with all three $ separated fields. It's stored in -a static buffer, 128 bytes long.

- -

So when checking an existing password, if pw_encrypt(text, -old_encrypted_password) returns a string that compares identical to -old_encrypted_password, you've got the right password. When setting a new -password, generate a random 8 character salt string, put it in the right -format with sprintf(buffer, "$%c$%s", type, salt), and feed buffer as the -second argument to pw_encrypt(text,buffer).

- -
-

Fork and vfork

- -

On systems that haven't got a Memory Management Unit, fork() is unreasonably -expensive to implement (and sometimes even impossible), so a less capable -function called vfork() is used instead. (Using vfork() on a system with an -MMU is like pounding a nail with a wrench. Not the best tool for the job, but -it works.)

- -

Busybox hides the difference between fork() and vfork() in -libbb/bb_fork_exec.c. If you ever want to fork and exec, use bb_fork_exec() -(which returns a pid and takes the same arguments as execve(), although in -this case envp can be NULL) and don't worry about it. This description is -here in case you want to know why that does what it does.

- -

Implementing fork() depends on having a Memory Management Unit. With an -MMU then you can simply set up a second set of page tables and share the -physical memory via copy-on-write. So a fork() followed quickly by exec() -only copies a few pages of the parent's memory, just the ones it changes -before freeing them.

- -

With a very primitive MMU (using a base pointer plus length instead of page -tables, which can provide virtual addresses and protect processes from each -other, but no copy on write) you can still implement fork. But it's -unreasonably expensive, because you have to copy all the parent process' -memory into the new process (which could easily be several megabytes per fork). -And you have to do this even though that memory gets freed again as soon as the -exec happens. (This is not just slow and a waste of space but causes memory -usage spikes that can easily cause the system to run out of memory.)

- -

Without even a primitive MMU, you have no virtual addresses. Every process -can reach out and touch any other process' memory, because all pointers are to -physical addresses with no protection. Even if you copy a process' memory to -new physical addresses, all of its pointers point to the old objects in the -old process. (Searching through the new copy's memory for pointers and -redirect them to the new locations is not an easy problem.)

- -

So with a primitive or missing MMU, fork() is just not a good idea.

- -

In theory, vfork() is just a fork() that writeably shares the heap and stack -rather than copying it (so what one process writes the other one sees). In -practice, vfork() has to suspend the parent process until the child does exec, -at which point the parent wakes up and resumes by returning from the call to -vfork(). All modern kernel/libc combinations implement vfork() to put the -parent to sleep until the child does its exec. There's just no other way to -make it work: the parent has to know the child has done its exec() or exit() -before it's safe to return from the function it's in, so it has to block -until that happens. In fact without suspending the parent there's no way to -even store separate copies of the return value (the pid) from the vfork() call -itself: both assignments write into the same memory location.

- -

One way to understand (and in fact implement) vfork() is this: imagine -the parent does a setjmp and then continues on (pretending to be the child) -until the exec() comes around, then the _exec_ does the actual fork, and the -parent does a longjmp back to the original vfork call and continues on from -there. (It thus becomes obvious why the child can't return, or modify -local variables it doesn't want the parent to see changed when it resumes.) - -

Note a common mistake: the need for vfork doesn't mean you can't have two -processes running at the same time. It means you can't have two processes -sharing the same memory without stomping all over each other. As soon as -the child calls exec(), the parent resumes.

- -

If the child's attempt to call exec() fails, the child should call _exit() -rather than a normal exit(). This avoids any atexit() code that might confuse -the parent. (The parent should never call _exit(), only a vforked child that -failed to exec.)

- -

(Now in theory, a nommu system could just copy the _stack_ when it forks -(which presumably is much shorter than the heap), and leave the heap shared. -Even with no MMU at all -In practice, you've just wound up in a multi-threaded situation and you can't -do a malloc() or free() on your heap without freeing the other process' memory -(and if you don't have the proper locking for being threaded, corrupting the -heap if both of you try to do it at the same time and wind up stomping on -each other while traversing the free memory lists). The thing about vfork is -that it's a big red flag warning "there be dragons here" rather than -something subtle and thus even more dangerous.)

- -
-

Short reads and writes

- -

Busybox has special functions, bb_full_read() and bb_full_write(), to -check that all the data we asked for got read or written. Is this a real -world consideration? Try the following:

- -
while true; do echo hello; sleep 1; done | tee out.txt
- -

If tee is implemented with bb_full_read(), tee doesn't display output -in real time but blocks until its entire input buffer (generally a couple -kilobytes) is read, then displays it all at once. In that case, we _want_ -the short read, for user interface reasons. (Note that read() should never -return 0 unless it has hit the end of input, and an attempt to write 0 -bytes should be ignored by the OS.)

- -

As for short writes, play around with two processes piping data to each -other on the command line (cat bigfile | gzip > out.gz) and suspend and -resume a few times (ctrl-z to suspend, "fg" to resume). The writer can -experience short writes, which are especially dangerous because if you don't -notice them you'll discard data. They can also happen when a system is under -load and a fast process is piping to a slower one. (Such as an xterm waiting -on x11 when the scheduler decides X is being a CPU hog with all that -text console scrolling...)

- -

So will data always be read from the far end of a pipe at the -same chunk sizes it was written in? Nope. Don't rely on that. For one -counterexample, see rfc 896 -for Nagle's algorithm, which waits a fraction of a second or so before -sending out small amounts of data through a TCP/IP connection in case more -data comes in that can be merged into the same packet. (In case you were -wondering why action games that use TCP/IP set TCP_NODELAY to lower the latency -on their their sockets, now you know.)

- -
-

Memory used by relocatable code, PIC, and static linking.

- -

The downside of standard dynamic linking is that it results in self-modifying -code. Although each executable's pages are mmaped() into a process' address -space from the executable file and are thus naturally shared between processes -out of the page cache, the library loader (ld-linux.so.2 or ld-uClibc.so.0) -writes to these pages to supply addresses for relocatable symbols. This -dirties the pages, triggering copy-on-write allocation of new memory for each -processes' dirtied pages.

- -

One solution to this is Position Independent Code (PIC), a way of linking -a file so all the relocations are grouped together. This dirties fewer -pages (often just a single page) for each process' relocations. The down -side is this results in larger executables, which take up more space on disk -(and a correspondingly larger space in memory). But when many copies of the -same program are running, PIC dynamic linking trades a larger disk footprint -for a smaller memory footprint, by sharing more pages.

- -

A third solution is static linking. A statically linked program has no -relocations, and thus the entire executable is shared between all running -instances. This tends to have a significantly larger disk footprint, but -on a system with only one or two executables, shared libraries aren't much -of a win anyway.

- -

You can tell the glibc linker to display debugging information about its -relocations with the environment variable "LD_DEBUG". Try -"LD_DEBUG=help /bin/true" for a list of commands. Learning to interpret -"LD_DEBUG=statistics cat /proc/self/statm" could be interesting.

- -

For more on this topic, here's Rich Felker:

-
-

Dynamic linking (without fixed load addresses) fundamentally requires -at least one dirty page per dso that uses symbols. Making calls (but -never taking the address explicitly) to functions within the same dso -does not require a dirty page by itself, but will with ELF unless you -use -Bsymbolic or hidden symbols when linking.

- -

ELF uses significant additional stack space for the kernel to pass all -the ELF data structures to the newly created process image. These are -located above the argument list and environment. This normally adds 1 -dirty page to the process size.

- -

The ELF dynamic linker has its own data segment, adding one or more -dirty pages. I believe it also performs relocations on itself.

- -

The ELF dynamic linker makes significant dynamic allocations to manage -the global symbol table and the loaded dso's. This data is never -freed. It will be needed again if libdl is used, so unconditionally -freeing it is not possible, but normal programs do not use libdl. Of -course with glibc all programs use libdl (due to nsswitch) so the -issue was never addressed.

- -

ELF also has the issue that segments are not page-aligned on disk. -This saves up to 4k on disk, but at the expense of using an additional -dirty page in most cases, due to a large portion of the first data -page being filled with a duplicate copy of the last text page.

- -

The above is just a partial list of the tiny memory penalties of ELF -dynamic linking, which eventually add up to quite a bit. The smallest -I've been able to get a process down to is 8 dirty pages, and the -above factors seem to mostly account for it (but some were difficult -to measure).

-
- -
-

Including kernel headers

- -

The "linux" or "asm" directories of /usr/include -contain Linux kernel -headers, so that the C library can talk directly to the Linux kernel. In -a perfect world, applications shouldn't include these headers directly, but -we don't live in a perfect world.

- -

For example, Busybox's losetup code wants linux/loop.c because nothing else -#defines the structures to call the kernel's loopback device setup ioctls. -Attempts to cut and paste the information into a local busybox header file -proved incredibly painful, because portions of the loop_info structure vary by -architecture, namely the type __kernel_dev_t has different sizes on alpha, -arm, x86, and so on. Meaning we either #include <linux/posix_types.h> or -we hardwire #ifdefs to check what platform we're building on and define this -type appropriately for every single hardware architecture supported by -Linux, which is simply unworkable.

- -

This is aside from the fact that the relevant type defined in -posix_types.h was renamed to __kernel_old_dev_t during the 2.5 series, so -to cut and paste the structure into our header we have to #include -<linux/version.h> to figure out which name to use. (What we actually -do is -check if we're building on 2.6, and if so just use the new 64 bit structure -instead to avoid the rename entirely.) But we still need the version -check, since 2.4 didn't have the 64 bit structure.

- -

The BusyBox developers spent two years trying to figure -out a clean way to do all this. There isn't one. The losetup in the -util-linux package from kernel.org isn't doing it cleanly either, they just -hide the ugliness by nesting #include files. Their mount/loop.h -#includes "my_dev_t.h", which #includes <linux/posix_types.h> -and <linux/version.h> just like we do. There simply is no alternative. -

- -

Just because directly #including kernel headers is sometimes -unavoidable doesn't me we should include them when there's a better -way to do it. However, block copying information out of the kernel headers -is not a better way.

- -
-

Who are the BusyBox developers?

- -

The following login accounts currently exist on busybox.net. (I.E. these -people can commit patches -into subversion for the BusyBox, uClibc, and buildroot projects.)

- -
-aldot     :Bernhard Reutner-Fischer
-andersen  :Erik Andersen      - uClibc and BuildRoot maintainer.
-bug1      :Glenn McGrath
-davidm    :David McCullough
-gkajmowi  :Garrett Kajmowicz  - uClibc++ maintainer
-jbglaw    :Jan-Benedict Glaw
-jocke     :Joakim Tjernlund
-landley   :Rob Landley
-lethal    :Paul Mundt
-mjn3      :Manuel Novoa III
-osuadmin  :osuadmin
-pgf       :Paul Fox
-pkj       :Peter Kjellerstedt
-prpplague :David Anders
-psm       :Peter S. Mazinger
-russ      :Russ Dill
-sandman   :Robert Griebl
-sjhill    :Steven J. Hill
-solar     :Ned Ludd
-timr      :Tim Riker
-tobiasa   :Tobias Anderberg
-vapier    :Mike Frysinger
-vda       :Denys Vlasenko     - BusyBox maintainer
-
- -

The following accounts used to exist on busybox.net, but don't anymore so -I can't ask /etc/passwd for their names. Rob Wentworth -<robwen at gmail.com> asked Google and recovered the names:

- -
-aaronl   :Aaron Lehmann
-beppu    :John Beppu
-dwhedon  :David Whedon
-erik     :Erik Andersen
-gfeldman :Gennady Feldman
-jimg     :Jim Gleason
-kraai    :Matt Kraai
-markw    :Mark Whitley
-miles    :Miles Bader
-proski   :Pavel Roskin
-rjune    :Richard June
-tausq    :Randolph Chung
-vodz     :Vladimir N. Oleynik
-
- - -
-
-
- - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/about.html b/docs/busybox.net/about.html deleted file mode 100644 index 35809c315..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/about.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ - - -

BusyBox: The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

- -

BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single -small executable. It provides replacements for most of the utilities you -usually find in GNU fileutils, shellutils, etc. The utilities in BusyBox -generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, -the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave -very much like their GNU counterparts. BusyBox provides a fairly complete -environment for any small or embedded system.

- -

BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in -mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude -commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize -your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add some device -nodes in /dev, a few configuration files in /etc, and a Linux kernel.

- -

BusyBox is maintained by -Denys Vlasenko, -and licensed under the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE -version 2.

- - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/busybox-growth.ps b/docs/busybox.net/busybox-growth.ps deleted file mode 100644 index 2379defa4..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/busybox-growth.ps +++ /dev/null @@ -1,404 +0,0 @@ -%!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Title: busybox-growth.ps -%%Creator: gnuplot 3.5 (pre 3.6) patchlevel beta 347 -%%CreationDate: Tue Apr 10 14:03:36 2001 -%%DocumentFonts: (atend) -%%BoundingBox: 50 40 554 770 -%%Orientation: Landscape -%%Pages: (atend) -%%EndComments -/gnudict 120 dict def -gnudict begin -/Color true def -/Solid true def -/gnulinewidth 5.000 def -/userlinewidth gnulinewidth def -/vshift -46 def -/dl {10 mul} def -/hpt_ 31.5 def -/vpt_ 31.5 def -/hpt hpt_ def -/vpt vpt_ def -/M {moveto} bind def -/L {lineto} bind def -/R {rmoveto} bind def -/V {rlineto} bind def -/vpt2 vpt 2 mul def -/hpt2 hpt 2 mul def -/Lshow { currentpoint stroke M - 0 vshift R show } def -/Rshow { currentpoint stroke M - dup stringwidth pop neg vshift R show } def -/Cshow { currentpoint stroke M - dup stringwidth pop -2 div vshift R show } def -/UP { dup vpt_ mul /vpt exch def hpt_ mul /hpt exch def - /hpt2 hpt 2 mul def /vpt2 vpt 2 mul def } def -/DL { Color {setrgbcolor Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash } - {pop pop pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def -/BL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 mul setlinewidth } def -/AL { stroke gnulinewidth 2 div setlinewidth } def -/UL { gnulinewidth mul /userlinewidth exch def } def -/PL { stroke userlinewidth setlinewidth } def -/LTb { BL [] 0 0 0 DL } def -/LTa { AL [1 dl 2 dl] 0 setdash 0 0 0 setrgbcolor } def -/LT0 { PL [] 1 0 0 DL } def -/LT1 { PL [4 dl 2 dl] 0 1 0 DL } def -/LT2 { PL [2 dl 3 dl] 0 0 1 DL } def -/LT3 { PL [1 dl 1.5 dl] 1 0 1 DL } def -/LT4 { PL [5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl] 0 1 1 DL } def -/LT5 { PL [4 dl 3 dl 1 dl 3 dl] 1 1 0 DL } def -/LT6 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0 0 0 DL } def -/LT7 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 1 0.3 0 DL } def -/LT8 { PL [2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 2 dl 4 dl] 0.5 0.5 0.5 DL } def -/Pnt { stroke [] 0 setdash - gsave 1 setlinecap M 0 0 V stroke grestore } def -/Dia { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt add M - hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V - hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath stroke - Pnt } def -/Pls { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt sub M 0 vpt2 V - currentpoint stroke M - hpt neg vpt neg R hpt2 0 V stroke - } def -/Box { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy exch hpt sub exch vpt add M - 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V - hpt2 neg 0 V closepath stroke - Pnt } def -/Crs { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M - hpt2 vpt2 neg V currentpoint stroke M - hpt2 neg 0 R hpt2 vpt2 V stroke } def -/TriU { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul add M - hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V - hpt 2 mul 0 V - hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath stroke - Pnt } def -/Star { 2 copy Pls Crs } def -/BoxF { stroke [] 0 setdash exch hpt sub exch vpt add M - 0 vpt2 neg V hpt2 0 V 0 vpt2 V - hpt2 neg 0 V closepath fill } def -/TriUF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul add M - hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V - hpt 2 mul 0 V - hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V closepath fill } def -/TriD { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy vpt 1.12 mul sub M - hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V - hpt 2 mul 0 V - hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath stroke - Pnt } def -/TriDF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt 1.12 mul sub M - hpt neg vpt 1.62 mul V - hpt 2 mul 0 V - hpt neg vpt -1.62 mul V closepath fill} def -/DiaF { stroke [] 0 setdash vpt add M - hpt neg vpt neg V hpt vpt neg V - hpt vpt V hpt neg vpt V closepath fill } def -/Pent { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy gsave - translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat - closepath stroke grestore Pnt } def -/PentF { stroke [] 0 setdash gsave - translate 0 hpt M 4 {72 rotate 0 hpt L} repeat - closepath fill grestore } def -/Circle { stroke [] 0 setdash 2 copy - hpt 0 360 arc stroke Pnt } def -/CircleF { stroke [] 0 setdash hpt 0 360 arc fill } def -/C0 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto vpt 90 450 arc } bind def -/C1 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto - 2 copy vpt 0 90 arc closepath fill - vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def -/C2 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto - 2 copy vpt 90 180 arc closepath fill - vpt 0 360 arc closepath } bind def -/C3 { BL [] 0 setdash 2 copy moveto - 2 copy vpt 0 180 arc closepath fill - 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-The code and graphics on this website (and it's mirror sites, if any) are -Copyright (c) 1999-2004 by Erik Andersen. All rights reserved. -Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Rob Landley. - -Documents on this Web site including their graphical elements, design, and -layout are protected by trade dress and other laws and MAY BE COPIED OR -IMITATED IN WHOLE OR IN PART. THIS WEBSITE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE -IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE WEBSITE TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. -SHOULD THIS WEBSITE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU MAY ASSUME THAT SOMEONE MIGHT GET -AROUND TO SERVICING, REPAIRING OR CORRECTING IT SOMETIME WHEN THEY HAVE NOTHING -BETTER TO DO. REGARDLESS, YOU GET TO KEEP BOTH PIECES. - -IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY -COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THIS -WEBSITE AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY -GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR -INABILITY TO USE THIS WEBSITE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR -LOSS OF HAIR, LOSS OF LIFE, LOSS OF MEMORY, LOSS OF YOUR CARKEYS, MISPLACEMENT -OF YOUR PAYCHECK, OR COMMANDER DATA BEING RENDERED UNABLE TO ASSIST THE -STARFLEET OFFICERS ABORD THE STARSHIP ENTERPRISE TO RECALIBRATE THE MAIN -DEFLECTOR ARRAY, LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE -WEBSITE TO OPERATE WITH YOUR WEBBROWSER), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY -HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. - -You have been warned. - -You can contact the webmaster at if you have some sort -of problem with this. - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/developer.html b/docs/busybox.net/developer.html deleted file mode 100644 index ce50555ae..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/developer.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ - - -

Prerequisites

-

-

    -
  • Send several sensible patches to the Mailing list.
    • -
  • Help users, answer their questions, guide them, be helpful and friendly.
    • -
  • Repeat above. -
-

-

-If you feel comfortable with the above and have proven to continually -fulfill these requirements, or somebody asks you to apply for write-access -to the repository who itself is maintainer of a project, then please apply -for an account (if needed). -

-

Morris Dancing

- -

Subversion commit access requires an account on Morris. The server -behind busybox.net and uclibc.org. If you want to be able to commit things to -Subversion, first contribute some stuff to show you are serious, can handle -some responsibility, and that your patches don't generally need a lot of -cleanup. Then, very nicely ask one of us -(Denys Vlasenko for primarily BusyBox, or -Bernhard Reutner-Fischer primarily for uClibc) -for an account.

- -

If you're approved for an account, you'll need to send an email from your -preferred contact email address with the username you'd like to use when -committing changes to GIT, and attach a public ssh key to access your account -with.

- -

If you don't currently have an ssh version 2 DSA key at least 4096 bits -long, you can generate a key using the command -ssh-keygen -b 4096 -t dsa -and hitting enter at the prompts. -This will create the files ~/.ssh/id_dsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub -You must then send the content of 'id_dsa.pub' to me so I can set up your -account. (The content of 'id_dsa' should of course be kept secret, anyone -who has that can access any account that's installed your public key in -its .ssh/authorized_keys file.)

- -

Note that if you would prefer to keep your communications with us -private, you can encrypt your email using -Denys' public key or -Bernhard's public key. -

- -

Once you are setup with an account, you will need to use your account to -checkout a copy of BusyBox from GIT:

- -

git+ssh://username@git.busybox.net/git/busybox busybox.mine

-

or

-

git+ssh://username@git.uClibc.org/git/uClibc uClibc.tmp

- -

You must change username to your own username, or omit -it if it's the same as your local username.

- -

You can then enter the newly checked out project directory, make changes, -check your changes, diff your changes, revert your changes, and and commit your -changes using commands such as:

- -
-git diff
-git format-patch -s
-git status
-git revert 
-EDITOR=vi git commit -s
-git log
-git push -v --thin
-git help
-
 - -

For additional detail on how to use -GIT, please visit the -GIT overview site. -You might also want to read online the manpages -or -tutorial. -

- -

A morris account also gives you a personal web page -(http://busybox.net/~username comes from ~/public_html on morris), and of -course a shell prompt you can ssh into (as a regular user, root access is -reserved for folks doing maintenancy stuff only). But keep in mind an -account on Morris is a -priviledge, not a requirement. Most contributors to busybox and uClibc -haven't got one, and accounts are handed out to make the project maintainers' -lives easier, not because "you deserve it".

- - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/download.html b/docs/busybox.net/download.html deleted file mode 100644 index 34195b6f1..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/download.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ - - - - -

Download

- -

-Source for the latest release can always be -downloaded from http://www.busybox.net/downloads/. - -

-Each 1.x branch has bug fix releases after initial 1.x.0 release. -Also there are patches on top of latest bug fix release. -

-Latest releases and patch directories for each branch: -
-1.10.1, -patches, -
-1.9.2, -patches, -
-1.8.3, -patches, -
-1.7.5, -patches, -
-1.6.2, -patches, -
-1.5.2, -patches, -
-1.4.2, -patches, -
-1.3.2, -patches. - -

-You can also obtain Daily Snapshots of -the latest development source tree for those wishing to follow BusyBox development, -but cannot or do not wish to use Subversion (svn). - -

- - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/fix.html b/docs/busybox.net/fix.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7bd7fe0f4..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/fix.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ - - -

How to get your patch added to "hot fixes"

- -

If you found a regression or severe bug in busybox, and you have a patch - for it, and you want to see it added to "hot fixes", please rediff your - patch against corresponding unmodified busybox source and send it to - the mailing list. -

- -
-
-
- - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/footer.html b/docs/busybox.net/footer.html deleted file mode 100644 index 066709237..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/footer.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - Copyright © 1999-2008 Erik Andersen -
- Mail all comments, insults, suggestions and bribes to -
- Denys Vlasenko vda.linux@googlemail.com
- - - 		- This site created with the vi editor - - This site is kindly hosted by OSL -
- - - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/header.html b/docs/busybox.net/header.html deleted file mode 100644 index 16f3d7aea..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/header.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - BusyBox - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
- - - - -
BUSYBOX
-
- - BusyBox
-
- About - - Documentation - - Get BusyBox - - Development - -

Links -

-

Developer Pages -

-		 - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/back.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/back.png deleted file mode 100644 index 79923869b..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/back.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox.jpeg b/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox.jpeg deleted file mode 100644 index 37edc9614..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox.jpeg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox.png deleted file mode 100644 index b1eb92f38..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox1.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox1.png deleted file mode 100644 index 4d3126a52..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox1.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox2.jpg b/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox2.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index abf8f0610..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox2.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox2.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox2.png deleted file mode 100644 index a7460b672..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox2.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox3.jpg b/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox3.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 0fab84cf9..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/busybox3.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/dir.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/dir.png deleted file mode 100644 index 1d633ce4a..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/dir.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/donate.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/donate.png deleted file mode 100644 index b55621bb9..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/donate.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/fm.mini.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/fm.mini.png deleted file mode 100644 index c0883cd34..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/fm.mini.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/gfx_by_gimp.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/gfx_by_gimp.png deleted file mode 100644 index d58314034..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/gfx_by_gimp.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/ltbutton2.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/ltbutton2.png deleted file mode 100644 index 9bad9496a..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/ltbutton2.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/osuosl.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/osuosl.png deleted file mode 100644 index b00b5007d..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/osuosl.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/sdsmall.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/sdsmall.png deleted file mode 100644 index b1024501b..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/sdsmall.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/text.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/text.png deleted file mode 100644 index 6034f899f..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/text.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/valid-html401.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/valid-html401.png deleted file mode 100644 index ec9bc0ce0..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/valid-html401.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/vh40.gif b/docs/busybox.net/images/vh40.gif deleted file mode 100644 index c5e9402e7..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/vh40.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/images/written.in.vi.png b/docs/busybox.net/images/written.in.vi.png deleted file mode 100644 index 84f59bc15..000000000 Binary files a/docs/busybox.net/images/written.in.vi.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/index.html b/docs/busybox.net/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 1bab6b069..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/license.html b/docs/busybox.net/license.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2a4c51d10..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/license.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ - - -

-

BusyBox is licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2

- -

BusyBox is licensed under the -GNU General Public License version 2, which is often abbreviated as GPLv2. -(This is the same license the Linux kernel is under, so you may be somewhat -familiar with it by now.)

- -

A complete copy of the license text is included in the file LICENSE in -the BusyBox source code.

- -

Anyone thinking of shipping BusyBox as part of a -product should be familiar with the licensing terms under which they are -allowed to use and distribute BusyBox. Read the full test of the GPL (either -through the above link, or in the file LICENSE in the busybox tarball), and -also read the Frequently -Asked Questions about the GPL.

- -

Basically, if you distribute GPL software the license requires that you also -distribute the source code to that GPL-licensed software. So if you distribute -BusyBox without making the source code to the version you distribute available, -you violate the license terms, and thus infringe on the copyrights of BusyBox. -(This requirement applies whether or not you modified BusyBox; either way the -license terms still apply to you.) Read the license text for the details.

- -

A note on GPL versions

- -

Version 2 of the GPL is the only version of the GPL which current versions -of BusyBox may be distributed under. New code added to the tree is licensed -GPL version 2, and the project's license is GPL version 2.

- -

Older versions of BusyBox (versions 1.2.2 and earlier, up through about svn -16112) included variants of the recommended -"GPL version 2 or (at your option) later versions" boilerplate -permission grant. Ancient versions of BusyBox -(before svn 49) did not specify any version at all, and section 9 of GPLv2 -(the most recent version at that time) says those old versions may be -redistributed under any version of GPL (including the obsolete V1). This was -conceptually similar to a dual license, except that the different licenses were -different versions of the GPL.

- -

However, BusyBox has apparently always contained chunks of code that were -licensed under GPL version 2 only. Examples include applets written by Linus -Torvalds (util-linux/mkfs_minix.c and util_linux/mkswap.c) which stated they -"may be redistributed as per the Linux copyright" (which Linus -clarified in the -2.4.0-pre8 release announcement in 2000 was GPLv2 only), and Linux kernel code -copied into libbb/loop.c (after Linus's announcement). There are probably -more, because all we used to check was that the code was GPL, not which -version. (Before the GPLv3 draft proceedings in 2006, it was a purely -theoretical issue that didn't come up much.)

- -

To summarize: every version of BusyBox may be distributed under the terms of -GPL version 2. New versions (after 1.2.2) may only be distributed under -GPLv2, not under other versions of the GPL. Older versions of BusyBox might -(or might not) be distributable under other versions of the GPL. If you -want to use a GPL version other than 2, you should start with one of the old -versions such as release 1.2.2 or SVN 16112, and do your own homework to -identify and remove any code that can't be licensed under the GPL version you -want to use. New development is all GPLv2.

- -

License enforcement

- -

BusyBox's copyrights are enforced by the Software Freedom Law Center -(you can contact them at gpl@busybox.net), which -"accepts primary responsibility for enforcement of US copyrights on the -software... and coordinates international copyright enforcement efforts for -such works as necessary." If you distribute BusyBox in a way that doesn't -comply with the terms of the license BusyBox is distributed under, expect to -hear from these guys. Their entire reason for existing is to do pro-bono -legal work for free/open source software projects. (We used to list people who -violate the BusyBox license in The Hall of Shame, -but these days we find it much more effective to hand them over to the -lawyers.)

- -

Our enforcement efforts are aimed at bringing people into compliance with -the BusyBox license. Open source software is under a different license from -proprietary software, but if you violate that license you're still a software -pirate and the law gives the vendor (us) some big sticks to play with. We -don't want monetary awards, injunctions, or to generate bad PR for a company, -unless that's the only way to get somebody that repeatedly ignores us to comply -with the license on our code.

- -

A Good Example

- -

These days, Linksys is -doing a good job at complying with the GPL, they get to be an -example of how to do things right. Please take a moment and -check out what they do with - -distributing the firmware for their WRT54G Router. -Following their example would be a fine way to ensure that you -have also fulfilled your licensing obligations.

- - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/links.html b/docs/busybox.net/links.html deleted file mode 100644 index 14ad8d12a..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/links.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ - - -

Related Sites

- -
uClibc.org -
uClibc++ - -
buildroot -
Scratchbox -
OpenEmbedded -
uCdot -
LinuxDevices -
Slashdot -
Freshmeat -
Linux Today -
Linux Weekly News -
Linux HOWTOs - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/lists.html b/docs/busybox.net/lists.html deleted file mode 100644 index 29c2f7472..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/lists.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -

Mailing List Information

-BusyBox has a mailing list for discussion and -development. You can subscribe by visiting -this page. -Only subscribers to the BusyBox mailing list are allowed to post -to this list. - -

-There is also a mailing list for active developers -wishing to read the complete diff of each and every change to busybox -- not for the -faint of heart. Active developers can subscribe by visiting -this page. -The Subversion server is the only one permtted to post to this list. And yes, -this list name uses the word 'cvs' even though we don't use that anymore... - -

- - -

Search the List Archives

-Please search the mailing list archives before asking questions on the mailing -list, since there is a good chance someone else has asked the same question -before. Checking the archives is a great way to avoid annoying everyone on the -list with frequently asked questions... -

- -

-
- - - -
- -
-Google -
-
-
- - - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/news.html b/docs/busybox.net/news.html deleted file mode 100644 index e0a8138b6..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/news.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,504 +0,0 @@ - - -
    - -
  • -

    We want to thank the following companies which are providing support for the BusyBox project: -

    -

    -
    • - -
  • 15 April 2009 -- BusyBox 1.14.0 (unstable), BusyBox 1.13.4 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.14.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    BusyBox 1.13.4. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Sizes of busybox-1.13.4 and busybox-1.14.0 (with equivalent config, static uclibc build):

    -   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
- 785501     483    7036  793020   c19bc busybox.1.13.4/busybox
- 788380     467    6960  795807   c249f busybox.1.14.0/busybox
-  15361       0       0   15361    3c01 busybox.1.13.4/shell/hush.o
-  20724       0       0   20724    50f4 busybox.1.14.0/shell/hush.o
-
    -

    Most of growth is in hush. The rest shrank a bit. - -

    New applets: -

      -
    • flash_eraseall: by Sebastian Andrzej Siewior (bigeasy AT linutronix.de)
      • -
    • acpid, mkdosfs, tunctl: by Vladimir
      • -
    • ftpd: by Adam Tkac (vonsch AT gmail.com)
      • -
    • timeout: by Roberto Foglietta
      • -
    • ionice: adapted from Linux kernel example by Walter Harms
      • -
    • mkpasswd: synonym to cryptpw. mkpasswd is in Debian, OTOH cryptpw was added to busybox earlier. Trying to make both camps happy by making those two applets just aliases. They are command-line compatible
      • -
    - -

    Changes since previous release: - -

    lash and msh are deprecated, please migrate to hush. - -

    hush had many, many fixes and features added: here documents, arithmetic evaluation, function support, and all this works on NOMMU too, safely, including 100kb-sized `command` and here documents. Here document support, arithmetic evaluation, improved ${var} operations, other fixes are by Mike Frysinger (vapier AT gentoo.org). - -

    Other changes: -

      -
    • libbb: unify concurrent-safe update of /etc/{passwd,group,[g]shadow}. By Tito (farmatito AT tiscali.it)
      • -
    • libbb/sha{1,256,512}: major code shrink
      • -
    • libbb/lineedit: make history saving/loading concurrent-safe
      • -
    • libbb: shrink linked list ops. By xmaks AT email.cz
      • -
    • libbb: str2sockaddr should accept [IPv6] addr without port - wget 'ftp://[::1]/file' needs that to work
      • -
    • libbb: make bb_info_msg do atomic, unbuffered writes
      • -
    • util-linux/volumeid: abort early on read failures. Should help with probing missing fdd's
      • -
    • util-linux/volumeid: fix bug 249 "findfs finds the wrong partition"
      • -
    • adduser: allow adding to group 0; don't _create_ /etc/shadow, only append data if it exists
      • -
    • ash: fix mishandled ^C and SIGINT (several cases)
      • -
    • ash: fix "ash -c 'exec 1>&0'" complaining that fd 0 is busy
      • -
    • ash: fix $IFS handling in read. Closes bug 235
      • -
    • ash: fix a case where we were closing wrong descriptor
      • -
    • ash: fix bad interaction between ash -c '....&' and bash compat
      • -
    • ash: fix miscalculation of memory needed for eval tree. Found by Timo Teras (timo.teras AT iki.fi)
      • -
    • ash: make dot command search current directory first, as bash does
      • -
    • ash: printf builtin with no arguments should not exit
      • -
    • awk: fix long field separators case. By Ian Wienand (ianw AT vmware.com)
      • -
    • awk: in BEGIN section $0 should be "", not "0"
      • -
    • awk: make "struct global" hack more robust wrt alignment. Closes bug 131
      • -
    • brctl: fix compilation on 2.4.x kernels
      • -
    • chat: treat timeout more correctly
      • -
    • chat: recognize RECORD directive
      • -
    • cksum, head, printenv: report errors via exitcode
      • -
    • cpio: add -p, -0 and -L options
      • -
    • crond, crontab: make cron directory location configurable
      • -
    • crond: correct more of logfile to 0666 (as usual, umask allows user to remove unwanted bits)
      • -
    • crond: put tasks in separate process groups
      • -
    • dc: fix the "base 2" patch omission of base not being set
      • -
    • depmod: accept and ignore -r. Linux kernel build needs this
      • -
    • depmod: fix -b option. By timo.teras AT iki.fi
      • -
    • udhcpc: fix a problem where we don't open listening socket fast enough
      • -
    • udhcpc: stop filtering environment passed to the script
      • -
    • udhcpd: disable option to have absolute lease times in lease file (that does not work with dumpleases)
      • -
    • udhcpd: write 64-bit current time in lease file. Without it, determination of remaining lease time is unreliable
      • -
    • udhcpd: remember hostnames of clients
      • -
    • dumpleases: fix -a option, use recorded current time in lease file, show hostnames
      • -
    • dnsd: fix a number of bugs. Ideas by Ming-Ching Tiew (mctiew AT yahoo.com)
      • -
    • dpkg: better and shorter code to compare versions. Taken from "official" dpkg by Eugene T. Bordenkircher (eugebo AT gmail.com)
      • -
    • du: fix "du /dir /dir" case
      • -
    • env: support -uVAR=VAL
      • -
    • expand, unexpand: fix incorrect expansion in some cases
      • -
    • expr: a bit more robust handling of regexps with groups. Closes bug 87
      • -
    • find: support --mindepth
      • -
    • getty: make speed 0 mean "don't change speed", stop using non-portable way of setting speeds
      • -
    • grep: support -z
      • -
    • gzip: fix gzip -dc bug caused by using stale getopt state
      • -
    • httpd: set $HOST to Host: header value. By Tobias Poschwatta (tp AT fonz.de)
      • -
    • ifupdown: allow options to udhcpc to be configurable from .config
      • -
    • init: do not eat last char in messages; do not print duplicate "init:" prefix to syslog
      • -
    • init: fix a bug where on reload order of entries might be wrong
      • -
    • init: major improvement in documentation and signal handling. Lots of nasty, but hard to trip, races are fixed
      • -
    • init: reinstate proper handling of !ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
      • -
    • init: remove wait loop on restart, it may be dangerous
      • -
    • init: test for vt terminal with VT_OPENQRY, assume that anything else is TERM=vt102, not TERM=linux. Closes bug 195
      • -
    • inotifyd: add x, o, and u events
      • -
    • inotifyd: fix buffer overflow and "unreaped zombies" problem
      • -
    • inotifyd: conserve resourses by closing unused inotify descriptors
      • -
    • insmod/modprobe: do not pass NULL to kernel as module parameter
      • -
    • ip: in "ip rule add from all table 1", "all" is taken as 0.0.0.0/32, whereas "any" and "default" would be 0.0.0.0/0. They must be all 0.0.0.0/0. Closes bug 57
      • -
    • iproute: fix ipXXX utilities trying to parse their applet name as their 1st parameter
      • -
    • klogctl: fix a problem where we don't terminate read data with '\0' and then misinterpret it
      • -
    • ls: do not follow links with -s. Closes bug 33
      • -
    • ls: implement -Q and -g (-g was accepted but ignored)
      • -
    • ls: make readlink error to not disrupt output (try ls -l /proc/self/fd)
      • -
    • man: better check for duplicated MANPATH
      • -
    • mdev: add support for - ("dont stop here") char
      • -
    • mdev: if /sys/class/block exists, don't scan /sys/block
      • -
    • mdev: ignore events with "$SUBSYSTEM" == "firmware" && "$ACTION" == "remove"
      • -
    • mdev: provide $SUBSYSTEM. By Vladimir
      • -
    • modprobe/insmod for 2.4: support compressed modules. By Guenter (lists AT gknw.net)
      • -
    • modprobe: rework/speedup by Timo Teras (timo.teras AT iki.fi)
      • -
    • modutils-24: fix bad interaction of xzalloc with xrealloc_vector
      • -
    • mount: support "-O option", stop trying to mount swap partitions, fix CIFS support
      • -
    • mountpoint: add -n option. By Vladimir
      • -
    • nslookup: allow usage of IPv6 addresses or hostnames for DNS server name; allow for port specification. Tested to work on uclibc svn: "nslookup google.com [::1]:5353". glibc + IPv6 address of DNS server still does not work
      • -
    • popmaildir: fix several grave bugs with using memory past end of malloc block
      • -
    • printf: fix 1.12.0 breakage (from %*d fix), it was misinterpreting "*"
      • -
    • printf: make integer format strings print long long-sized values
      • -
    • rmmod: fix bug 263 "modutils/rmmod can't remove modules with dash in name on 2.4 kernels"
      • -
    • sendmail: document and fix usage of fd #4, fix check for helper failure
      • -
    • sendmail: update by Vladimir
      • -
    • seq: add -w support. By Natanael Copa
      • -
    • seq: add support for "-s separator"
      • -
    • stat: make stat -f show filesystem "ID:" as coreutils does
      • -
    • sysctl: fix another corner case with "dots and slashes"
      • -
    • sysctl: fix broken -p [file]. Closes bug 231
      • -
    • sysctl: support recursing if name is a directory: "sysctl net.ipv4.conf". Patch by xmaks AT email.cz
      • -
    • syslogd: make signal handling syncronous
      • -
    • syslogd: create logfile with 0666 (affected by umask as usual), not 0600
      • -
    • tail: fix tail +N syntax not working. Closes bug 221
      • -
    • tar: do not change new tarfile's mode, GNU tar doesn't do it
      • -
    • tar: support GNU tar's "base256" encoding
      • -
    • telnetd: correctly output 0xff char
      • -
    • telnetd: do not advertise TELNET_LFLOW, we do not support it properly
      • -
    • tftp: when we infer local name from remote (-r [/]path/path/file), strip path. This mimics wget and is generally more intuitive
      • -
    • timeout: fix parsing of -t NUM on MMU
      • -
    • top: make it work again on 2.4 kernels. Closes bug 125
      • -
    • tr: fix overflow in expand and complement, fix stop after [:class:], fix handling of ranges and [x]'s
      • -
    • tr: support -C as synonym to -c, support [:xdigit:]
      • -
    • traceroute: rewrite. Do not emit raw IP packets, instead send UDP or ICMP packets and rely on the kernel to form IP headers, select source IP and interface
      • -
    • uname: add support for -i and -o, fix printing of unknown -p value with -a option, support long options
      • -
    • unzip: fix thinko with le/be conv and size. Closes bug 129
      • -
    • vi: fix several instances of major goof: when text grows, text[] might get reallocated! We were keeping around pointers to old place
      • -
    • vi: speedup and code shrink. By Walter Harms
      • -
    • wget: --post-data support. By Harald Kuthe (harald-tuxbox AT arcor.de)
      • -
    • wget: fix --header handling, more robust EINTR detection
      • -
    -

    - -
  • 8 March 2009 -- BusyBox 1.13.3 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.13.3. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    1.13.3 is a bug fix release. It has fixes for awk, depmod, init, killall, mdev, - modprobe, printf, syslogd, tar, top, unzip, wget. -

    -
    • - -
  • 31 December 2008 -- BusyBox 1.13.2 (stable), BusyBox 1.12.4 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.13.2. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    BusyBox 1.12.4. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Bug fix releases. 1.13.2 has fixes for crond, dc, init, ip, printf. - 1.12.4 has fixes for ip and printf. -

    -
    • - -
  • 29 November 2008 -- BusyBox 1.13.1 (stable), BusyBox 1.12.3 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.13.1. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    BusyBox 1.12.3. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Bug fix releases. 1.13.1 has fixes for ash, option parsing, id, init, - inotifyd, klogd, line editing and modprobe. 1.12.3 has fixes - for option parsing and line editing. -

    -
    • - -
  • 10 November 2008 -- BusyBox 1.13.0 (unstable), BusyBox 1.12.2 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.13.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    BusyBox 1.12.2. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Sizes of busybox-1.12.2 and busybox-1.13.0 (with equivalent config, static uclibc build):

    -   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
- 778291     551    7856  786698   c010a busybox-1.12.2/busybox
- 778981     551    7852  787384   c03b8 busybox-1.13.0/busybox
-
    - -

    New applets: blkid, devmem - -

    Changes since previous release: -

      -
    • mail applets: total overhaul. Vladimir as usual
      • -
    • ash: fix "while kill -0 $child; do true; done" looping forever
      • -
    • ash: fix NOEXEC mode - we were forgetting to pass environment
      • -
    • ash: fix a bug in standalone mode (corrupted getopt state)
      • -
    • ash: optionally support ">&file" and "&>file" redirections
      • -
    • awk: bitwise ops cast oprands and results to unsigned long, not signed. closes bug 4774
      • -
    • awk: fix typo in atan2 code. closes bug 5594
      • -
    • awk: improve handling of negative numbers in bitwise ops; fix handling of octal costants
      • -
    • awk: support hex constants
      • -
    • basename: fix error code (again)
      • -
    • cpio: emit TRAILER even when hard links were found. By Pascal Bellard (pascal.bellard AT ads-lu.com)
      • -
    • crontab: do not destroy STDIN_FILENO, editor may need it (crontab -e)
      • -
    • dc: support for bases 2 and 8, by Nate Case (ncase AT xes-inc.com)
      • -
    • dhcpc: treat "discover...select...discover..." loop the same way as "discover...discover...discover..."
      • -
    • dpkg: add dpkg -l PACKAGE_PATTERN. By Peter Korsgaard
      • -
    • fbset: fix mode matching code: original code may trigger false positive.
      • -
    • findfs: fix LUKS and FAT detection routines; do not exit if corrupted FAT fs makes us try to seek past the end
      • -
    • grep: fix 'echo aaa | grep -o a' + ENABLE_EXTRA_COMPAT case. By Natanael Copa
      • -
    • grep: fix EXTRA_COMPAT grep to honor -E and -i
      • -
    • gunzip: restore mtime
      • -
    • halt: reinstate -w even if !FEATURE_WTMP
      • -
    • hexdump: fix SEGV in hexdump -e ""
      • -
    • httpd: pass "Accept:" and "Accept-Language:" header to CGI scripts (Alina Friedrichsen)
      • -
    • hush: fix environment and memory leaks
      • -
    • hush: fix trashing of environment by local env vars: a=a; a=b cmd; - a was unset
      • -
    • id: improve compatibility with coreutils. By Tito Ragusa
      • -
    • inetd: fix a case when we have zero services
      • -
    • inetd: use config parser. by Vladimir
      • -
    • init: set stderr to NONBLOCK
      • -
    • insmod: fix detection of open failure
      • -
    • install: support -D
      • -
    • ip: fix ip route rejecting dotted quads as prefix
      • -
    • ip: route metric support (Natanael Copa)
      • -
    • iplink: accept shorthands for "address" keyword: "ip link set address 00:11:22:33:44:55"
      • -
    • kbd_mode: support -C TTY
      • -
    • kill[all[5]]: accept -s SIG too. By Steve Bennett (steveb AT workware.net.au)
      • -
    • klogd: handle many lines at once. By Steve Bennett (steveb AT workware.net.au)
      • -
    • less: support -I to be able to search case-insensitively
      • -
    • less: add optional line number toggle and resizing on window resize
      • -
    • libbb: do not reject floating point strings like ".15"
      • -
    • lineedit: fix bug 5824 "since rev 23530 fdisk and ed don't work any more"
      • -
    • lineedit: fix problems with empty commands in history
      • -
    • login: fix /etc/nologin handling
      • -
    • man: fix inconsistencies in handling $MANPATH
      • -
    • mdev: support match by major,minor. See bug 4714
      • -
    • modprobe-small: make insmod command line compatible
      • -
    • modprobe-small: support "blacklist" keyword in /etc/modules/MODULE_NAME
      • -
    • modprobe: fix a segfault when modprobe is called with no arguments at all
      • -
    • modutils/*: rewrite by Timo Teras (timo.teras AT iki.fi)
      • -
    • mount: fix "-o parm1 -o parm2" not accumulating
      • -
    • nmeter: 4k buffers are too small for /proc files, make them dynamically sized with 16k upper limit
      • -
    • ping: SO_RCVBUF must be bigger than packet size, otherwise large ping packets might fail to be received
      • -
    • route: fix for 64-bit BE machines by Seonghun Lim (wariua AT gmail.com)
      • -
    • rpm: fix incompatibilities which prevented rpm -i foo.src.rpm
      • -
    • runsvdir: support runsvdir-as-init
      • -
    • setarch: do not try to use non-existent data in argv[]
      • -
    • setfont: support -m and -C, support -m TEXTUAL_MAP (by Vladimir)
      • -
    • setup_environment: cd $HOME regardless of clear_env value
      • -
    • slattach: preserve speed in non-raw mode. By Matthieu Castet (matthieu.castet AT parrot.com)
      • -
    • start_stop_daemon: accept (and ignore) -R PARAM
      • -
    • sv: make default service dir configurable (Vladimir wants it)
      • -
    • sysctl: fix bug 3894 (by Kryzhanovskyy Maksym)
      • -
    • tar: fix bug 3844: non-root tar does not preserve perms
      • -
    • telnetd: handle emacs M-DEL and IAC-NOP. by Jim Cathey (jcathey AT ciena.com)
      • -
    • top: fix "top -d 1" (bug 5144)
      • -
    • top: optional SMP support by Vineet Gupta (vineetg76 AT gmail.com)
      • -
    • trylink: make messages less confusing
      • -
    • unzip: handle "central directory". needed for OpenOffice, gmail attachment .zips etc
      • -
    • vi: Rob's algorithm of reading and matching ESC sequences (nice work btw!)
      • -
    • vi: deal with EOF/error on stdin and with input NULs
      • -
    • vi: fix uninitialized last_search_pattern (bug 5794)
      • -
    • vi: handle chars 0x80, 0x81 etc correctly
      • -
    • volume identification: abolish /proc/partitions and /proc/cdroms scanning. It does not catch volume managers and such. Simply scan /dev/* for any block devices
      • -
    • watchdog: WDIOC_SETTIMEOUT accepts seconds, not milliseconds
      • -
    • watchdog: add -T option
      • -
    -

    - The email address gpl@busybox.net is the recommended way to contact - the Software Freedom Law Center to report BusyBox license violations. -

    -
    • - -
  • 28 September 2008 -- BusyBox 1.12.1 (stable), BusyBox 1.11.3 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.12.1. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    BusyBox 1.11.3. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    - Bugfix-only releases for 1.11.x and 1.12.x branches. -

    -
    • - -
  • 21 August 2008 -- BusyBox 1.12.0 (unstable), BusyBox 1.11.2 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.12.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    BusyBox 1.11.2. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Sizes of busybox-1.11.2 and busybox-1.12.0 (with equivalent config, static uclibc build):

    -   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
- 829687     617    7052  837356   cc6ec busybox-1.11.2/busybox
- 822961     594    6832  830387   cabb3 busybox-1.12.0/busybox
-
    - -

    New applets: rdev (Grant Erickson), setfont, showkey (both by Vladimir) - -

    Most significant changes since previous release (please report any regression): -

      -
    • ash: bash compat: "shift $BIGNUM" is equivalent to "shift 1"
      • -
    • ash: dont allow e.g. exec <&10 to attach to script's fd!
      • -
    • ash: fix a bug where redirection fds were not closed afterwards. optimize close+fcntl(DUPFD) into dup2
      • -
    • ash: fix segfault in "command -v"
      • -
    • ash: fix very weak $RANDOM generator
      • -
    • ash: prevent exec NN>&- from closing fd used for script reading
      • -
    • ash: teach ash about 123>file. It could take only 0..9 before
      • -
    • hush: fix a case where "$@" must expand to no word at all
      • -
    • hush: fix mishandling of a'b'c=fff as assignments. They are not
      • -
    • hush: fix non-detection of builtins and applets in "v=break; ...; $v; ..." case
      • -
    • hush: fix "while false; ..." exitcode; add testsuites
      • -
    • hush: support "case...esac" statements (~350 bytes of code)
      • -
    • hush: support "break [N]" and "continue [N]" statements
      • -
    • hush: support "for if in do done then; do echo $if; done" case
      • -
    • hush: support "for v; do ... done" syntax (implied 'in "$@"')
      • -
    • hush: support $_NUMBERS variable names
      • -
    • libbb: unified config parser (by Vladimir). This change affected many applets
      • -
    - -

    Other changes: -

      -
    • libbb: dump: do not use uninitialized memory (closes bug 4364)
      • -
    • libbb: fix bb_strtol[l]'s check for "-" (closes bug 4174)
      • -
    • libbb: fix --help to not affect "test --help"
      • -
    • libbb: fix mishandling of "all argv are opts" in getopt32()
      • -
    • libbb: getopt32() should not ever touch argv[0] (even read)
      • -
    • libbb: introduce and use xrealloc_vector
      • -
    • libbb: [x]fopen_for_{read,write} introduced and used (by Vladimir)
      • -
    • lineedit: fix use-after-free
      • -
    • libunarchive: refactor handling of archived files. "tar f file.tar.lzma" now works too
      • -
    • bb_strtoXXX: close bug 4174 (potential use of buf[-1])
      • -
    • open_transformer: don't leak file descriptor
      • -
    • open_transformer: fix bug of calling exit instead of _exit
      • -
    • arp: without -H type, assume "ether" (closes bug 4564)
      • -
    • ar: reuse existing ar unpacking code
      • -
    • awk: fix a case with multiple -f options. Simplify -f file reading.
      • -
    • build system: introduce and use FAST_FUNC: regparm on i386, otherwise no-op
      • -
    • bunzip2: fix an uncompression error (by Rob Landley rob AT landley.net)
      • -
    • b[un]zip2, g[un]zip: unlink destination if -f is given (closes bug 3854)
      • -
    • comm: almost total rewrite
      • -
    • cpio: fix -m to actually work as expected (by Pascal Bellard)
      • -
    • cpio: internalize archive_xread_all_eof, add a few paranoia checks for corrupted cpio files
      • -
    • cpio: make long opts depend only on ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG
      • -
    • cpio: on unpack, limit filename length to 8k
      • -
    • cpio: support some long options
      • -
    • crond: use execlp instead of execl
      • -
    • cut: fix buffer overflow (closes bug 4544)
      • -
    • envdir: fix "envdir" (no params at all) and "envdir dir" cases
      • -
    • findfs: make it use setuid-ness of busybox binary
      • -
    • fsck: use getmntent_r instead of open-coded parsing (by Vladimir)
      • -
    • fuser: a bit of safety in scanf
      • -
    • grep: option to use GNU regex matching instead of POSIX one. This fixes problems with NULs in files being scanned, but costs +800 bytes
      • -
    • halt: signal init regardless of ENABLE_INIT
      • -
    • httpd: add homedir directive specially for (and by) Walter Harms wharms AT bfs.de
      • -
    • ifupdown: /etc/network/interfaces can have comments with leading blanks
      • -
    • ifupdown: fixes for custom MAC address (by Wade Berrier wberrier AT gmail.com)
      • -
    • ifupdown: fixes for shutdown of DHCP-managed interfaces (by Wade Berrier wberrier AT gmail.com)
      • -
    • inetd: do not trash errno in signal handlers; in CHLD handler, stop looping through services when pid is found
      • -
    • insmod: users report that "|| defined(__powerpc__)" is missing
      • -
    • install: do not chown intermediate directories with install -d (by Natanael Copa)
      • -
    • install: fix long option not taking params (closes bug 4584)
      • -
    • lpd,lpr: send/receive ACKs after filenames, not only after file bodies
      • -
    • ls: fix a bug where we may use uninintialized variable
      • -
    • man: add handling of "man links", by Ivana Varekova varekova AT redhat.com
      • -
    • man: fix a case when a full pathname to manpage is given
      • -
    • man: fix inverted cat/man bool variable
      • -
    • man: fix missed NULL termination of an array
      • -
    • man: mimic "no manual entry for 'bogus'" message and exitcode
      • -
    • man: support cat pages too (by Jason Curl jcurlnews AT arcor.de)
      • -
    • man: teach it to use .lzma if requested by .config
      • -
    • mdev: check for "/block/" substring for block dev detection
      • -
    • mdev: do not complain if mdev.conf does not exist
      • -
    • mdev: if device was moved at creation, at removal correctly remove it from moved location and also remove symlinks to it
      • -
    • mdev: support for serializing hotplug
      • -
    • mdev, init: use shared code for fd sanitization
      • -
    • mkdir: fix "uname 0222; mkdir -p foo/bar" case (by Doug Graham dgraham AT nortel.com)
      • -
    • modprobe: support for /etc/modprobe.d (by Timo Teras)
      • -
    • modprobe: use buffering line reads (fgets()) instead of reads()
      • -
    • modutils: optional modprobe-small (by Vladimir), 15kb smaller than standard one
      • -
    • mount: support for "-o mand" and "[no]relatime"
      • -
    • mount: support nfs mount option "nordiplus" (by Octavian Purdila opurdila AT ixiacom.com)
      • -
    • mount: support "relatime" / "norelatime"
      • -
    • mount: testsuite for "-o mand"
      • -
    • msh: fix "while... continue; ..." (closes bug 3884)
      • -
    • mv: fix a case when we move dangling symlink across mountpoints
      • -
    • netstat: optional -p support (by L. Gabriel Somlo somlo AT cmu.edu)
      • -
    • nmeter: fix read past the end of a buffer (closes bug 4594)
      • -
    • od, hexdump: fix bug where xrealloc may move pointer, leaving other pointers dangling (closes bug 4104)
      • -
    • pidof/killall: allow find_pid_by_name to find running processes started as scripts_with_name_longer_than_15_bytes.sh (closes bug 4054)
      • -
    • printf: do not print garbage on "%Ld" (closes bug 4214)
      • -
    • printf: fix %b, fix several bugs in %*.*, fix compat issues with aborting too early, support %zd; expand testsuite
      • -
    • printf: protect against bogus format specifiers (closes bug 4184)
      • -
    • sendmail: updates from Vladimir:
      • -
    • sendmail: do not discard all headers
      • -
    • sendmail: do not ignore CC; accept to: and cc: case-insensitively. +20 bytes
      • -
    • sendmail: fixed mail recipient address
      • -
    • sendmail: fixed SEGV if sender address is missed
      • -
    • sendmail: use HOSTNAME instead of HOST when no server is explicitly specified
      • -
    • sleep: if FANCY && DESKTOP, support fractional seconds, minutes, hours and so on (coreutils compat)
      • -
    • ssd: CLOSE_EXTRA_FDS in MMU case too
      • -
    • ssd: do not stat -x EXECUTABLE, it is not needed anymore
      • -
    • ssd: fix -a without -x case
      • -
    • ssd: use $PATH
      • -
    • tar: fix handling of tarballs with symlinks with size field != 0
      • -
    • tar: handle autodetection for tiny .tar.gz files too, simplify autodetection
      • -
    • taskset: fix some careless code in both fancy and non-fancy cases. -5 bytes for fancy, +5 for non-fancy
      • -
    • tee: fix infinite looping on open error (echo asd | tee "")
      • -
    • tee: "-" is a name for stdout, handle it that way
      • -
    • telnetd: fix issue file printing
      • -
    • test: fix parser to prefer binop over unop, as coreutils does
      • -
    • testsuite: uniformly use $ECHO with -n -e
      • -
    • time: don't segfault with no arguments
      • -
    • touch: support -r REF_FILE if ENABLE_DESKTOP (needed for blackfin compile)
      • -
    • tr: fix "access past the end of a string" bug 4354
      • -
    • tr: fix "tr [=" case (closes bug 4374)
      • -
    • tr: fix yet another access past the end of a string (closes bug 4374)
      • -
    • unlzma: fix memory leak (by Pascal Bellard)
      • -
    • vi: fix reversed checks for underflow
      • -
    • vi: using array data after it fell out of scope is stupid
      • -
    • xargs: fix -e default to match newer GNU xargs, add SUS mandated -E (closes bug 4414)
      • -
    • other fixes and code size reductions in many applets
      • -
    -

    - -
  • 12 July 2008 -- BusyBox 1.11.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.11.1. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    - Bugfix-only release for 1.11.x branch. It contains fixes for awk, - bunzip2, cpio, ifupdown, ip, man, start-stop-daemon, uname and vi. -

    -
    • - -
  • 11 July 2008 -- HOWTO is updated -

    - - "How to build static busybox for i486-linux-uclibc" is updated - and tested on a fresh Fedora 9 install. Please report if it doesn't - work for you. -

    -
    • - - - -
  • Old News

    - Click here to read older news -

    -
    • - -
- - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/oldnews.html b/docs/busybox.net/oldnews.html deleted file mode 100644 index 444af74a4..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/oldnews.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2214 +0,0 @@ - - -

News archive

- -
    - -
  • 25 June 2008 -- BusyBox 1.11.0 (unstable), BusyBox 1.10.4 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.11.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    BusyBox 1.10.4. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    Sizes of busybox-1.10.4 and busybox-1.11.0 (with equivalent config, static uclibc build):

    -   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
- 800675     636    7080  808391   c55c7 busybox-1.10.4
- 798392     611    6900  805903   c4c0f busybox-1.11.0
-
    - -

    New applets: inotify (Vladimir Dronnikov), man (Ivana Varekova), - fbsplash (Michele Sanges), depmod (Bernhard Reutner-Fischer) - -

    Changes since previous release: -

      -
    • build system: reinstate CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX
      • -
    • ash: optional bash compatibility features added; other fixes
      • -
    • hush: lots and lots of fixes
      • -
    • msh: fix the case where the file has exec bit but can't be run directly (runs "$SHELL file" instead)
      • -
    • msh: fix exit codes when command is not found or can't be execed
      • -
    • udhcpc: added workaround for buggy kernels
      • -
    • mount: fix mishandling of proto=tcp/udp
      • -
    • diff: make it work on non-seekable streams
      • -
    • openvt: made more compatible with "standard" one
      • -
    • mdev: fix block/char device detection
      • -
    • ping: add -w, -W support (James Simmons)
      • -
    • crond: add handling of "MAILTO=user" lines
      • -
    • start-stop-daemon: make --exec follow symlinks (Joakim Tjernlund)
      • -
    • date: make it accept ISO date format
      • -
    • echo: fix echo -e -n "msg\n\0" (David Pinedo)
      • -
    • httpd: fix several bugs triggered by relative path in -h DIR
      • -
    • printf: fix printf -%s- foo, printf -- -%s- foo
      • -
    • syslogd: do not error out on missing files to rotate
      • -
    • ls: support Unicode in names
      • -
    • ip: support for the LOWER_UP flag (Natanael Copa)
      • -
    • mktemp: make argument optional (coreutil 6.12 compat)
      • -
    • libiproute: fix option parsing, so that "ip -o link" works again
      • -
    • other fixes and code size reductions in many applets
      • -
    -

    - The email address gpl@busybox.net is the recommended way to contact - the Software Freedom Law Center to report BusyBox license violations. -

    -
    • - -
  • 12 June 2008 -- Sponsors! -

    We want to thank the following companies which are providing support - for the BusyBox project: -

    - -
    • - -
  • 5 June 2008 -- BusyBox 1.10.3 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.10.3. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    - Bugfix-only release for 1.10.x branch. It contains fixes for dnsd, fuser, hush, - ip, mdev and syslogd. -

    -
    • - -
  • 8 May 2008 -- BusyBox 1.10.2 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.10.2. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    - Bugfix-only release for 1.10.x branch. It contains fixes for echo, httpd, pidof, - start-stop-daemon, tar, taskset, tab completion in shells, build system. -

    Please note that mdev was backported from current svn trunk. Please - report if you encounter any problems with it. -

    -
    • - -
  • 19 April 2008 -- BusyBox 1.10.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.10.1. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    - Bugfix-only release for 1.10.x branch. It contains fixes for - fuser, init, less, nameif, tail, taskset, tcpudp, top, udhcp. -

    • - -
  • 21 March 2008 -- BusyBox 1.10.0 (unstable) -

    BusyBox 1.10.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Sizes of busybox-1.9.2 and busybox-1.10.0 (with almost full config, static uclibc build):

    -   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
- 781405     679    7500  789584   c0c50 busybox-1.9.2
- 773551     640    7372  781563   becfb busybox-1.10.0
-
    -

    Top 10 stack users:

    -busybox-1.9.2:               busybox-1.10.0:
-echo_dg                 4116 bb_full_fd_action       4112
-bb_full_fd_action       4112 find_list_entry2        4096
-discard_dg              4108 readlink_main           4096
-discard_dg              4096 ipaddr_list_or_flush    3900
-echo_stream             4096 iproute_list_or_flush   3680
-discard_stream          4096 insmod_main             3152
-find_list_entry2        4096 fallbackSort            2952
-readlink_main           4096 do_iproute              2492
-ipaddr_list_or_flush    3900 cal_main                2464
-iproute_list_or_flush   3680 readhere                2308
-
    - -

    New applets: brctl, chat (by Vladimir Dronnikov <dronnikov AT gmail.com>), - findfs, ifenslave (closes bug 115), lpd (by Vladimir Dronnikov <dronnikov AT gmail.com>), - lpr+lpq (by Walter Harms), script (by Pascal Bellard <pascal.bellard AT ads-lu.com>), - sendmail (Vladimir Dronnikov <dronnikov AT gmail.com>), tac, tftpd. -

    -

    Made NOMMU-compatible: crond, crontab, ifupdown, inetd, init, runsv, svlogd, tcpsvd, udpsvd. -

    -

    Changes since previous release: -

    -
      -
    • globally: add -Wunused-parameter
      • -
    • globally: add optimization barrier to all "G trick" locations
      • -
    • adduser/addgroup: check username for invalid chars (by Tito <farmatito AT tiscali.it>)
      • -
    • adduser: optional support for long options. Closes bug 2134
      • -
    • ash: handle "A=1 A=2 B=$A; echo $B". Closes bug 947
      • -
    • ash: make ash -c "if set -o barfoo 2>/dev/null; then echo foo; else echo bar; fi" work. Closes bug 1142
      • -
    • build system: don't use "gcc -o /dev/null", old gcc can delete /dev/null in this case
      • -
    • build system: fixes for cross-compiling on an OS X host
      • -
    • build system: make it do without "od -t"
      • -
    • build system: pass CFLAGS to link stage too. Closes bug 1376
      • -
    • build system: add CONFIG_NOMMU
      • -
    • cp: add ENABLE_FEATURE_VERBOSE_CP_MESSAGE. Closes bug 1470
      • -
    • crontab: almost complete rewrite
      • -
    • dnsd: properly set _src_ IP:port on outgoing UDP packets
      • -
    • dpkg: fix bug where existence check was reversed
      • -
    • eject: add -s for SCSI- and USB-devices (Nico Erfurth)
      • -
    • fdisk: fix a case where break was reached only for DOS labels
      • -
    • fsck: don't kill pid -1! (Roy Marples <roy at marples.name>)
      • -
    • fsck_minix: fix bug in map_block2: s/(blknr >= 256 * 256)/(blknr < 256 * 256)/
      • -
    • fuser: substantial rewrite
      • -
    • getopt: add support for "a+" specifier for nonnegative int parameters. By Vladimir Dronnikov <dronnikov at gmail.com>
      • -
    • getty: don't try to detect parity on local lines (Joakim Tjernlund <Joakim.Tjernlund at transmode.se>)
      • -
    • halt: write wtmp entry if wtmp support is enabled
      • -
    • httpd: "HEAD" support. Closes bug 1530
      • -
    • httpd: fix bug 2004: wrong argv when interpreter is invoked
      • -
    • httpd: fix bug where we did chdir("") if CGI path had only one "/"
      • -
    • httpd: fix for POST upload
      • -
    • httpd: support for "I:index.xml" syntax (Peter Korsgaard <jacmet AT uclibc.org>)
      • -
    • hush: fix a case where none of pipe members could be started because of fork failure
      • -
    • hush: more correct handling of piping
      • -
    • hush: reinstate `cmd` handling for NOMMU
      • -
    • hush: report [v]fork failures
      • -
    • hush: set CLOEXEC on script file being executed
      • -
    • hush: try to add a bit more of vfork-friendliness
      • -
    • inetd: make "udp nowait" work
      • -
    • inetd: make inetd IPv6-capable
      • -
    • init: add FEATURE_KILL_REMOVED (Eugene Bordenkircher <eugebo AT gmail.com>)
      • -
    • init: allow last line of config file to be not terminated by "\n"
      • -
    • init: do not die if "/dev/null" is missing
      • -
    • init: fix bug 1111: restart actions were not splitting words
      • -
    • init: wait for orphaned children too while waiting for sysinit-like processes (harald-tuxbox AT arcor.de)
      • -
    • ip route: "ip route" was misbehaving (extra argv+1 ate 1st env var)
      • -
    • last: do not go into endless loop on read error
      • -
    • less,klogd,syslogd,nc,tcpudp: exit on signal by killing itself, not exit(1)
      • -
    • less: "examine" command will not bomb out on bad file name now
      • -
    • less: fix bug where backspace wasn't actually deleting chars
      • -
    • less: make it a bit more resistant against status line corruption
      • -
    • less: improve search when data is not supplied fast enough by stdin - now will try reading for 1-2 seconds before declaring that there is no match. This fixes a very common annoyance with long manpages
      • -
    • less: update line input so that it doesn't interfere with screen update. Makes "man bash", [enter], [/], <enter search pattern>, [enter] more usable - manpage now draws even as you enter the pattern!
      • -
    • libbb: filename completion matches dangling symlinks too
      • -
    • libbb: fix getopt state corruption for NOFORK applets
      • -
    • libbb: full_read/write now will report partial data counts prior to error
      • -
    • libbb: intrduce and use safe_gethostname. By Tito <farmatito AT tiscali.it>
      • -
    • libbb: introduce and use nonblock_safe_read(). Yay! Our shells are immune from this nasty O_NONBLOCK now!
      • -
    • login,su: avoid clearing environment with some options, as was intended
      • -
    • microcom: read more than 1 byte from device, if possible
      • -
    • microcom: split -d (delay) option away from -t
      • -
    • mktemp: support -p DIR (Timo Teras <timo.teras at iki.fi>)
      • -
    • mount: #ifdef out MOUNT_LABEL code parts if it is not selected
      • -
    • mount: add another mount helper call method
      • -
    • mount: allow and ignore _netdev option
      • -
    • mount: make -f work even without mtab support (Cristian Ionescu-Idbohrn <cristian.ionescu-idbohrn at axis.com>)
      • -
    • mount: optional support for -vv verbosity
      • -
    • mount: plug a hole where FEATURE_MOUNT_HELPERS could allow execution of arbitrary command
      • -
    • mount: recognize "dirsync" (closes bug 835)
      • -
    • mount: sanitize environment if called by non-root
      • -
    • mount: support for mount by label. Closes bug 1143
      • -
    • mount: with -vv -f, say what mount() calls we were going to make
      • -
    • msh: create testsuite (based on hush one)
      • -
    • msh: don't use floating point in "times" builtin
      • -
    • msh: fix Ctrl-C handling with line editing
      • -
    • msh: fix for bug 846 ("break" didn't work second time)
      • -
    • msh: glob0/glob1/glob2/glob3 were just a sorting routine, removed
      • -
    • msh: instead of fixing "ls | cd", "cd | ls" etc disallow builtins in pipes. They make no sense there anyway
      • -
    • msh: stop trying to parse variables in "msh SCRIPT VAR=val param". They are passed as ordinary parameters
      • -
    • netstat: print control chars as "^C" etc
      • -
    • nmeter: fix bug where %[mf] behaves as %[mt]
      • -
    • nohup: compat patch by Christoph Gysin <mailinglist.cache at gmail.com>
      • -
    • od: handle /proc files (which have filesize 0) correctly
      • -
    • patch: don't trash permissions of patched file
      • -
    • ps: add conditional support for -o [e]time
      • -
    • ps: fix COMMAND column adjustment; overflow in USER and VSZ columns
      • -
    • reset: call "stty sane". Closes bug 1414
      • -
    • rmdir: optional long options support for Debian users. By Roberto Gordo Saez <roberto.gordo AT gmail.com>
      • -
    • run-parts: add --reverse
      • -
    • script: correctly handle buffered "tail" of output
      • -
    • sed: "n" command must reset "we had successful subst" flag. Closes bug 1214
      • -
    • sort: -z outputs NUL terminated lines. Closes bug 1591
      • -
    • stty: fix mishandling of control keywords (Ralf Friedl <Ralf.Friedl AT online.de>)
      • -
    • switch_root: stop at first non-option. Closes bug 1425
      • -
    • syslogd: avoid excessive time() system calls
      • -
    • syslogd: don't die if remote host's IP cannot be resolved. Retry resolutions every two minutes instead
      • -
    • syslogd: fix shmat error check
      • -
    • syslogd: optional support for dropping dups. Closes bug 436
      • -
    • syslogd: send "\n"-terminated messages over the network. Fully closes bug 1574
      • -
    • syslogd: tighten up hostname handling
      • -
    • tail: fix "tail -c 20 /dev/huge_disk" (was taking ages)
      • -
    • tar: compat: handle tarballs with only one zero block at the end
      • -
    • tar: autodetection of gz/bz2 compressed tarballs. Closes bug 992
      • -
    • tar: real support for -p. By Natanael Copa <natanael.copa at gmail.com>
      • -
    • tcpudp: narrow down time window where we have no wildcard socket
      • -
    • telnetd: use login always, not "sometimes login, sometimes shell"
      • -
    • test: fix mishandling of "test ! arg1 op arg2 more args"
      • -
    • trylink: instead of build error, disable --gc-sections if GLIBC and STATIC are selected
      • -
    • udhcp: make file paths configurable
      • -
    • udhcp: optional support for non-standard DHCP ports
      • -
    • udhcp: set correct op byte in the packet for DHCPDECLINE
      • -
    • udhcpc: filter unwanted packets in kernel (Cristian Ionescu-Idbohrn <cristian.ionescu-idbohrn AT axis.com>)
      • -
    • udhcpc: fix wrong options in decline and release packets (Jonas Danielsson <jonas.danielsson AT axis.com>)
      • -
    • umount: do not complain several times about the same mountpoint
      • -
    • umount: do not try to free loop device or erase mtab if remounted ro
      • -
    • umount: instead of non-standard -D, use -d with opposite meaning. Closes bug 1604
      • -
    • unlzma: shrink by Pascal Bellard <pascal.bellard AT ads-lu.com>
      • -
    • unzip: do not try to read entire compressed stream at once (it can be huge)
      • -
    • unzip: handle short reads correctly
      • -
    • vi: many fixes
      • -
    • zcip: don't chdir to root
      • -
    • zcip: open ARP socket before openlog (else we can trash syslog socket)
      • -
    -
    • - -
  • 21 March 2008 -- BusyBox old stable releases -

    - Bugfix-only releases for four past branches. Links to locations - for future hot patches are in parentheses. -

    - 1.9.2 - (patches), - 1.8.3 - (patches), - 1.7.5 - (patches), - 1.5.2 - (patches). -

    - How to add a patch. -

    - - -
  • 12 February 2008 -- BusyBox 1.9.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.9.1. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    This is a bugfix-only release, with fixes to fsck, - iproute, mdev, mkswap, msh, nameif, stty, test, zcip.

    -

    hush has `command` expansion re-enabled for NOMMU, although it is - inherently unsafe (by virtue of NOMMU's use of vfork instead of fork). - The plan is to make this less likely to bite people in future versions.

    -
    • - -
  • 24 December 2007 -- BusyBox 1.9.0 (unstable) -

    BusyBox 1.9.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Sizes of busybox-1.8.2 and busybox-1.9.0 (with almost full config, static uclibc build):

    -   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
- 792796     978    9724  803498   c42aa busybox-1.8.2
- 783803     683    7508  791994   c15ba busybox-1.9.0
-
    -

    Top 10 stack users:

    -busybox-1.8.2:               busybox-1.9.0:
-input_tab             10428  echo_dg                4116
-umount_main            8252  bb_full_fd_action      4112
-rtnl_talk              8240  discard_dg             4096
-xrtnl_dump_filter      8240  echo_stream            4096
-sendMTFValues          5316  discard_stream         4096
-mainSort               4700  find_list_entry2       4096
-mkfs_minix_main        4288  readlink_main          4096
-grave                  4260  ipaddr_list_or_flush   3900
-unix_do_one            4156  iproute_list_or_flush  3680
-parse_prompt           4132  insmod_main            3152
-
    - -

    lash is deleted from this release. hush can be configured down to almost - the same size, but it is significantly less buggy. It even works - on NOMMU machines (interactive mode and backticks are not working on NOMMU, - though). "lash" applet is still available, but it runs hush. - -

    init has some changes in this release, please report if it causes - problems for you. - -

    Changes since previous release: -

      -
    • Build system improvements -
    • Testsuite additions -
    • Stack size reductions, code size reductions, data/bss reductions -
    • An option to prefer IPv4 address if host has both -
    • New applets: hd, sestatus -
    • Removed applets: lash -
    • hush: fixed a few bugs, wired up echo and test to be builtins -
    • init: simplify forking of children -
    • getty: special handling of '#' and '@' is removed -
    • [su]login: sanitize environment if called by non-root -
    • udhcpc: support "bad" servers which send oversized packets - (Cristian Ionescu-Idbohrn <cristian.ionescu-idbohrn at axis.com>) -
    • udhcpc: -O option allows to specify which options to ask for - (Stefan Hellermann <stefan at the2masters.de>) -
    • udhcpc: optionally check whether given IP is really free (by ARP ping) - (Jonas Danielsson <jonas.danielsson at axis.com>) -
    • vi: now handles files with unlimited line length -
    • vi: speedup for huge line lengths -
    • vi: Del key works -
    • sed: support GNUism '\t' -
    • cp/mv/install: optionally use bigger buffer for bulk copying -
    • line editing: don't eat stack like crazy -
    • passwd: follows symlinked /etc/passwd -
    • renice: accepts priority with +N too -
    • netstat: wide output mode -
    • nameif: extended matching (Nico Erfurth <masta at perlgolf.de>) -
    • test: become NOFORK applet -
    • find: -iname (Alexander Griesser <alexander.griesser at lkh-vil.or.at>) -
    • df: -i option (show inode info) (Pascal Bellard <pascal.bellard at ads-lu.com>) -
    • hexdump: -R option (Pascal Bellard <pascal.bellard at ads-lu.com>) -
    -
    • - -
  • 23 November 2007 -- BusyBox 1.8.2 (stable), BusyBox 1.7.4 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.8.2. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    -

    BusyBox 1.7.4. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    These are bugfix-only releases. - 1.8.2 contains fixes for inetd, lash, tar, tr, and build system. - 1.7.4 contains a fix for inetd.

    -
    • - -
  • 9 November 2007 -- BusyBox 1.8.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.8.1. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    This is a bugfix-only release, with fixes to login (PAM), modprobe, syslogd, telnetd, unzip.

    -
    • - -
  • 4 November 2007 -- BusyBox 1.8.0 (unstable) -

    BusyBox 1.8.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Note: this is probably the very last release with lash. It will be dropped. Please migrate to hush. - -

    Applets which had many changes since 1.7.x: -

    httpd: -

      -
    • does not clear environment, CGIs will see all environment variables which were set for httpd -
    • fix bug where we were trying to read more POSTDATA than content-length -
    • fix trivial bug (spotted by Alex Landau) -
    • optional support for partial downloads -
    • simplified CGI i/o loop (now it looks good to me) -
    • small auth and IPv6 fixes (Kim B. Heino <Kim.Heino at bluegiga.com>) -
    • support for proxying connection to other http server (by Alex Landau <landau_alex at yahoo.com>) -
    - -

    top: -

      -
    • TOPMEM feature - 's(how sizes)' command -
    • don't wait before final bailout (try top -b -n1) -
    • fix for command line wrapping -
    - -

    Build system improvements: libbusybox mode restored (it was lost in transition to new makefiles). - -

    Code and data size in comparison with 1.7.3:

    -Equivalent .config, i386 uclibc static builds:
-   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
- 768123	   1055	  10768	 779946	  be6aa	busybox-1.7.3/busybox
- 759693	    974	   9420	 770087	  bc027	busybox-1.8.0/busybox
    - -

    New applets: -

      -
    • microcom: new applet by Vladimir Dronnikov <dronnikov at gmail.ru> -
    • kbd_mode: new applet by Loic Grenie <loic.grenie at gmail.com> -
    • bzip2: port bzip2 1.0.4 to busybox, 9 kb of code -
    • pgrep, pkill: new applets by Loic Grenie <loic.grenie at gmail.com> -
    • setsebool: new applet (Yuichi Nakamura <ynakam at hitachisoft.jp>) -
    - -

    Other changes since previous release (abridged): -

      -
    • cp: -r and -R imply -d (coreutils compat) -
    • cp: detect and prevent infinite recursion -
    • cp: make it a bit closer to POSIX, but still refuse to open and overwrite symbolic link -
    • hdparm: reduce possibility of numeric overflow in -T -
    • hdparm: simplify timing measurement -
    • wget: -O FILE is allowed to overwrite existing file (compat) -
    • wget: allow dots in header field names -
    • telnetd: add -K option to close sessions as soon as child exits -
    • telnetd: don't SIGKILL child when closing the session, kernel will send SIGHUP for us -
    • ed: large cleanup, add line editing -
    • hush: feeble attempt at making it more NOMMU-friendly -
    • hush: fix glob() -
    • hush: stop doing manual accounting of open fd's, kernel can do it for us -
    • adduser: implement -S and fix uid selection -
    • ash: fix prompt expansion (Natanael Copa <natanael.copa at gmail.com>) -
    • ash: revert "cat | jobs" fix, it causes more problems than good -
    • find: fix -xdev behavior in the presence of two or more nested mount points -
    • grep: fix grep -F -e str1 -e str2 (was matching str2 only) -
    • grep: optimization: stop on first -e match -
    • gunzip: support concatenated gz files -
    • inetd: fix bug 1562 "inetd does not set argv[0] properly" (fix by Ilya Panfilov) -
    • install: 'support' (by ignoring) -v and -b -
    • install: fix bug in "install -c file dir" (tried to copy dir into dir too) -
    • ip: tunnel parameter parsing fix by Jean Wolter <jw5 at os.inf.tu-dresden.de> -
    • isrv: use monotonic_sec -
    • less: make 'f' key page forward -
    • libiproute: add missing break statements -
    • load_policy: update (Yuichi Nakamura <ynakam at hitachisoft.jp>) -
    • logger: fix a problem of losing all argv except first -
    • login: do reject wrong passwords with PAM auth -
    • losetup: support -f (Loic Grenie <loic.grenie at gmail.com>) -
    • fdisk: make fdisk compile on libc without llseek64 -
    • libbb: by popular request allow PATH to be customized at build time -
    • mkswap: selinux support by KaiGai Kohei <kaigai at ak.jp.nec.com> -
    • mount: allow (and ignore) -i -
    • mount: ignore NFS bg option on NOMMU machines -
    • mount: mount helpers support (by Vladimir Dronnikov <dronnikov at gmail.ru>) -
    • passwd: handle Ctrl-C, restore termios on Ctrl-C -
    • passwd: SELinux support by KaiGai Kohei <kaigai at ak.jp.nec.com> -
    • ping: make -I ethN work too (-I addr already worked) -
    • ps: fix RSS parsing (rss field in /proc/PID/stat is in pages, not bytes) -
    • read_line_input: fix it to not do any fancy editing if echoing is disabled -
    • run_parts: make it sort executables by name (required by API) -
    • runsv: do not use clock_gettime if !MONOTONIC_CLOCK -
    • runsvdir: fix "linear wait time" bug -
    • sulogin: remove alarm handling, it is redundant there -
    • svlogd: compat: svlogd -tt should timestamp stderr too -
    • syslogd: bail out if you see null read from Unix socket -
    • syslogd: do not need to poll(), we can just block in read() -
    • tail: work correctly on /proc files (Kazuo TAKADA <kztakada at sm.sony.co.jp>) -
    • tar + gzip/bzip2/etc: support NOMMU machines (by Alex Landau <landau_alex at yahoo.com>) -
    • tar: strip leading '/' BEFORE memorizing hardlink's name -
    • tftp: fix infinite retry bug -
    • umount: support (by ignoring) -i; style fixes -
    • unzip: fix endianness bugs -
    • vi: don't wait 50 ms before reading ESC sequences -
    • watchdog: allow millisecond spec (-t 250ms) -
    • zcip: fix unaligned trap on ARM -
    -
    • - -
  • 4 November 2007 -- BusyBox 1.7.3 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.7.3. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    This is a bugfix-only release, with fixes to ash, httpd, inetd, iptun, logger, login, tail.

    -
    • - -
  • 30 September 2007 -- BusyBox 1.7.2 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.7.2. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    This is a bugfix-only release, with fixes to install, find, login, httpd, runsvdir, chcon, setfiles, fdisk and line editing.

    -
    • - -
  • 16 September 2007 -- BusyBox 1.7.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.7.1. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    This is a bugfix-only release, with fixes to cp, runsv, tar, busybox --install and build system.

    -
    • - -
  • 24 August 2007 -- BusyBox 1.7.0 (unstable) -

    BusyBox 1.7.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Applets which had many changes since 1.6.x: -

    httpd: -

      -
    • works in standalone mode on NOMMU machines now (partly by Alex Landau <landau_alex at yahoo.com>) -
    • indexer example is rewritten in C -
    • optional support for error pages (by Pierre Metras <genepi at sympatico.ca>) -
    • stop reading headers using 1-byte reads -
    • new option -v[v]: prints client addresses, HTTP codes returned, URLs -
    • extended -p PORT to -p [IP[v6]:]PORT -
    • sendfile support (by Pierre Metras <genepi at sympatico.ca>) -
    • add support for Status: CGI header -
    • fix CGI handling bug (we were closing wrong fd) -
    • CGI I/O loop still doesn't look 100% ok to me... -
    - -

    udhcp[cd]: -

      -
    • add -f "foreground" and -S "syslog" options -
    • fixed "ifupdown + udhcpc_without_pidfile_creation" bug -
    • new config option "Rewrite the lease file at every new acknowledge" (Mats Erik Andersson <mats at blue2net.com> (Blue2Net AB)) -
    • consistently treat server_config.start/end IPs as host-order -
    • fix IP parsing for 64bit machines -
    • fix unsafe hton macro usage in read_opt() -
    • do not chdir to / when daemonizing -
    - -

    top, ps, killall, pidof: -

      -
    • simpler loadavg processing -
    • truncate usernames to 8 chars -
    • fix non-CONFIG_DESKTOP ps -ww (by rockeychu) -
    • improve /proc/PID/cmdinfo reading code -
    • use cmdline, not comm field (fixes problems with re-execed applets showing as processes with name "exe", and not being found by pidof/killall by applet name) -
    • reduce CPU usage in decimal conversion (optional) (corresponding speedup on kernel side is accepted in mainline Linux kernel, yay!) -
    • make percentile (0.1%) calculations configurable -
    • add config option and code for global CPU% display -
    • reorder columns, so that [P]PIDs are together and VSZ/%MEM are together - makes more sense -
    - -

    Build system improvements: doesn't link against libraries we don't need, - generates verbose link output and map file, allows for custom link - scripts (useful for removing extra padding, among other things). - -

    Code and data size in comparison with 1.6.1:

    -Equivalent .config, i386 glibc dynamic builds:
-   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
- 672671    2768   16808  692247   a9017 busybox-1.6.1/busybox
- 662948    2660   13528  679136   a5ce0 busybox-1.7.0/busybox
- 662783    2631   13416  678830   a5bae busybox-1.7.0/busybox.customld
-
-Same .config built against static uclibc:
- 765021    1059   11020  777100   bdb8c busybox-1.7.0/busybox_uc
    - -

    Code/data shrink done in applets: crond, hdparm, dd, cal, od, nc, expr, uuencode, - test, slattach, diff, ping, tr, syslogd, hwclock, zcip, find, pidof, ash, uudecode, - runit/*, in libbb. - -

    New applets: -

      -
    • pscan, expand, unexpand (from Tito <farmatito at tiscali.it>) -
    • setfiles, restorecon (by Yuichi Nakamura <ynakam at hitachisoft.jp>) -
    • chpasswd (by Alexander Shishkin <virtuoso at slind.org>) -
    • slattach, ttysize -
    - -

    Unfortunately, not much work is done on shells. This was mostly stalled - by lack of time (read: laziness) on my part to learn how to adapt existing - qemu-runnable image for a NOMMU architechture (available on qemu website) - for local testing of cross-compiled busybox on my machine. - -

    Other changes since previous release (abridged): -

      -
    • addgroup: disallow addgroup -g num user group; make -g 0 work (Tito <farmatito at tiscali.it>) -
    • adduser: close /etc/{passwd,shadow} before calling passwd etc. Spotted by Natanael Copa <natanael.copa at gmail.com> -
    • arping: -i should be -I, fixed -
    • ash: make "jobs | cat" work like in bash (was giving empty output) -
    • ash: recognize -l as --login equivalent; do not recognize +-login -
    • ash: fix buglet in DEBUG code (Nguyen Thai Ngoc Duy <pclouds at gmail.com>) -
    • ash: fix SEGV if type has zero parameters -
    • awk: fix -F 'regex' bug (miscounted fields if last field is empty) -
    • catv: catv without arguments was trying to use environ as argv (Alex Landau <landau_alex at yahoo.com>) -
    • catv: don't die on open error (emit warning) -
    • chown/chgrp: completely match coreutils 6.8 wrt symlink handling -
    • correct_password: do not print "no shadow passwd..." message -
    • crond: don't start sendmail with absolute path, don't report obsolete version (report true bbox version) -
    • dd: fix bug where we assume count=INT_MAX when count is unspecified -
    • devfsd: sanitization by Tito <farmatito at tiscali.it> -
    • echo: fix non-fancy echo -
    • fdisk: make it work with big disks (read: typical today's disks) even if CONFIG_LFS is unset -
    • find: -context support for SELinux (KaiGai Kohei <kaigai at kaigai.gr.jp>) -
    • find: add conditional support for -maxdepth and -regex, make -size match GNU find -
    • find: fix build failure on certain configs (found by Cristian Ionescu-Idbohrn <cristian.ionescu-idbohrn at axis.com>) -
    • fsck_minix: make it print bb version, not it's own (outdated/irrelevant) one -
    • grep: implement -m MAX_MATCHES, fix buglets with context printing -
    • grep: fix selection done by FEATURE_GREP_EGREP_ALIAS (Maxime Bizon <mbizon at freebox.fr> (Freebox)) -
    • hush: add missing dependencies (Maxime Bizon <mbizon at freebox.fr> (Freebox)) -
    • hush: fix read builtin to not read ahead past EOL and to not use insane amounts of stack -
    • ifconfig: make it work with ifaces with interface no. > 255 -
    • ifup/ifdown: make location of ifstate configurable -
    • ifupdown: make netmask parsing smaller and more strict (was accepting 255.0.255.0, 255.1234.0.0 etc...) -
    • install: fix -s (strip) option, fix install a b /a/link/to/dir -
    • libbb: consolidate ARRAY_SIZE macro (Walter Harms <wharms at bfs.de>) -
    • libbb: make /etc/network parsing configurable. -200 bytes when off -
    • libbb: nuke BB_GETOPT_ERROR, always die if there are mutually exclusive options -
    • libbb: xioctl and friends by Tito <farmatito at tiscali.it> -
    • login: optional support for PAM -
    • login: make /etc/nologin support configurable (-240 bytes) -
    • login: ask passwords even for wrong usernames -
    • md5_sha1_sum: fix mishandling when run as /bin/md5sum -
    • mdev: add support for firmware loading -
    • mdev: work even when CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED in kernel is off -
    • modprobe: add scanning of /lib/modules/`uname -r`/modules.symbols (by Yann E. MORIN <yann.morin.1998 at anciens.enib.fr>) -
    • more: fixes by Tristan Schmelcher <tpkschme at engmail.uwaterloo.ca> -
    • nc: make connecting to IPv4 from IPv6-enabled hosts easier (was requiring -s local_addr) -
    • passwd: fix bug "updating shadow even if user's record is in passwd" -
    • patch: fix -p -1 handling -
    • patch: fix bad line ending handling (Nguyen Thai Ngoc Duy <pclouds at gmail.com>) -
    • ping: display roundtrip times with 1/1000th of ms, not 1/10 ms precision. -
    • ping: fix incorrect handling of -I (Iouri Kharon <bc-info at styx.cabel.net>) -
    • ping: fix non-fancy ping6 -
    • printenv: fix "printenv VAR1 VAR2" bug (spotted by Kalyanatejaswi Balabhadrapatruni <kalyanatejaswi at yahoo.co.in>) -
    • ps: fix -Z (by Yuichi Nakamura <ynakam at hitachisoft.jp>) -
    • rpm: add optional support for bz2 data. +50 bytes of code -
    • rpm: fix bogus "package is not installed" case -
    • sed: fix 'q' command handling (by Nguyen Thai Ngoc Duy <pclouds at gmail.com>) -
    • start_stop_daemon: NOMMU fixes by Alex Landau <landau_alex at yahoo.com> -
    • stat: fix option -Z SEGV -
    • strings: strings a b was processing a twice, fix that -
    • svlogd: fix timestamping, do not warn if config is missing -
    • syslogd, logread: get rid of head pointer, fix logread bug in the process -
    • syslogd: do not convert tabs to ^I, set syslog IPC buffer to mode 0644 -
    • tar: improve OLDGNU compat, make old SUN compat configurable -
    • test: fix testing primary expressions like '"-u" = "-u"' -
    • uudecode: fix to base64 decode by Jorgen Cederlof <jcz at google.com> -
    • vi: multiple fixes by Natanael Copa <natanael.copa at gmail.com> -
    • wget: fix bug in base64 encoding (bug 1404). +10 bytes -
    • wget: lift 256 chars limitation on terminal width -
    • wget, zcip: use monotonic_sec instead of gettimeofday -
    -
    • - -
  • 30 June 2007 -- BusyBox 1.6.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.6.1. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    This is a bugfix-only release, with fixes to echo, hush, and wget.

    -
    • - -
  • 1 June 2007 -- BusyBox 1.6.0 (unstable) -

    BusyBox 1.6.0. - (svn, - patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Since this is a x.x.0 release, it probably does not deserve "stable" - label. Please help making 1.6.1 stable by testing 1.6.0.

    -

    Note that hush shell had many changes and (hopefully) is much improved now, - but there is a possibility that it regressed in some obscure cases. Please - report any such cases.

    -

    lash users please note: lash is going to be deprecated in busybox 1.7.0 - and removed in the more distant future. Please migrate to hush.

    -

    Memory usage has decreased, but we can do better still

    -

    Other changes since previous release: -

      -
    • NOFORK: audit small applets and mark some of them as NOFORK. Put big scary warnings in relevant places -
    • NOFORK: factor out NOFORK/NOEXEC code from find. Use NOFORK/NOEXEC in find and xargs -
    • NOFORK: remove potential xmalloc from NOFORK path in bb_full_fd_action -
    • NOMMU: random fixes; compressed --help now works for NOMMU -
    • SELinux: load_policy applet -
    • [u]mount: extend -t option (Roy Marples <uberlord at gentoo.org>) -
    • addgroup: clean up, fix adding users to existing groups and make it optional (Tito) -
    • adduser: don't bomb out if shadow password file doesn't exist (from Tito <farmatito at tiscali.it>) -
    • applet.c: do not even try to read config if run by real root; fix suid config handling -
    • ash: fix infinite loop on exit if tty is not there anymore -
    • ash: fix kill -l (by Mats Erik Andersson <mats.andersson64 at comhem.se>) -
    • ash: implement type -p, costs less than 10 bytes (patch by Mats Erik Andersson <mats.andersson64 at comhem.se>) -
    • awk: don't segfault on printf(%*s). Closes bug 1337 -
    • awk: guard against empty environment -
    • awk: some 'lineno' vars were shorts, made them ints (code got smaller) -
    • cat: stop using stdio.h opens -
    • config system: clarify PREFER_APPLETS/SH_STANDALONE effects in help text -
    • cryptpw: new applet (by Thomas Lundquist <lists at zelow.no>) -
    • cttyhack: new applet -
    • dd: NOEXEC fix; fix skip= parse error (spotted by Dirk Clemens <develop at cle-mens.de>) -
    • deluser: add optional support for removing users from groups (by Tito <farmatito at tiscali.it>) -
    • diff: fix SEGV (NULL deref) in diff -N -
    • diff: fix segfault on empty dirs (Peter Korsgaard <peter.korsgaard at barco.com>) -
    • dnsd: fix several buglets, make smaller; openlog(), so that applet's name is logged -
    • dpkg: run_package_script() returns 0 if all ok and non-zero if failure. The result code was checked incorrectly in two places. (from Kim B. Heino <Kim.Heino at bluegiga.com>) -
    • dpkg: use bitfields which are a bit closer to typical short/char. Code size -800 bytes -
    • dumpleases: getopt32()-ization (from Mats Erik Andersson <mats.andersson64 at comhem.se>) -
    • e2fsprogs: stop using statics in chattr. Minor code shrinkage (-130 bytes) -
    • ether-wake: close bug 1317. Reorder fuctions to avoid forward refs while at it -
    • ether-wake: save a few more bytes of code -
    • find: -group, -depth (Natanael Copa <natanael.copa at gmail.com>) -
    • find: add support for -delete, -path (by Natanael Copa) -
    • find: fix -prune. Add big comment about it -
    • find: improve usage text (Natanael Copa <natanael.copa at gmail.com>) -
    • find: missed 'static' on const data; size and prune were mixed up; use index_in_str_array -
    • find: un-DESKTOPize (Kai Schwenzfeier <niteblade at gmx.net>) -
    • find_root_device: teach to deal with /dev/ subdirs (by Kirill K. Smirnov <lich at math.spbu.ru>) -
    • find_root_device: use lstat - don't follow links -
    • getopt32: fix llist_t options ordering. llist_rev is now unused -
    • getopt: use getopt32 for option parsing - inspired by patch by Mats Erik Andersson <mats.andersson64 at comhem.se> -
    • hdparm: fix multisector mode setting (from Toni Mirabete <amirabete at catix.cat>) -
    • hdparm: make -T -t code smaller (-194 bytes), and output prettier -
    • ifupdown: make it possible to use DHCP clients different from udhcp -
    • ifupdown: reread state file before rewriting it. Fixes "ifup started another ifup" state corruption bug. Patch by Natanael Copa <natanael.copa at gmail.com> -
    • ifupdown: small optimization (avoid doing useless work if we are not going to update state file) -
    • ip: fix compilation if FEATURE_TR_CLASSES is off -
    • ip: mv ip*_main into ip.c; use a dispatcher to save on needless duplication. Saves a minor 12b -
    • ip: rewrite the ip applet to be less bloaty. Convert to index_in_(sub)str_array() -
    • ip: set the scope properly. Thanks to Jean Wolter -
    • iplink: shrink iplink; sanitize libiproute a bit (-916 bytes) -
    • iproute: shrink a bit (-200 bytes) -
    • kill: know much more signals; make code smaller; use common code for kill applet and ash kill builtin -
    • klogd: remove dependency on syslogd -
    • lash: "forking" applets are actually can be treated the same way as "non-forked". Also save a bit of space on trailing NULL array elements. -
    • lash: fix kill buglet (didn't properly recognize ESRCH) -
    • lash: make -c work; crush buffer overrun and free of non-malloced ptr (from Mats Erik Andersson <mats.andersson64 at comhem.se>) -
    • lash: recognize and use NOFORK applets -
    • less: fix case when regex search finds nothing; fix very obscure memory corruption bug; fix less <HUGEFILE + [End] busy loop -
    • libbb: add xsendto, xunlink, xpipe -
    • libbb: fix segfault in reset_ino_dev_hashtable() when *hashtable was NULL -
    • libbb: make pidfile writing configurable -
    • libbb: make xsocket die with address family printed (if VERBOSE_RESOLUTION_ERRORS=y) -
    • libbb: rework NOMMU helper API so that it makes more sense and easier to use -
    • libiproute: audit callgraph, shortcut error paths into die() functions -
    • lineedit: do not try to open NULL history file -
    • lineedit: nuke two unused variables and code which sets them -
    • login: remove setpgrp call (makes it work from shell prompt again); sanitize stdio descriptors (we are suid, need to be careful!) -
    • login: shrink login and set_environment by ~100 bytes -
    • mount: fix incorrect usage of strtok (inadvertently used NULL sometimes) -
    • mount: fix mounting of symlinks (mount from util-linux allows that) -
    • msh: data/bss reduction (more than 9k of it); fix "underscore bug" (a_b=1111 didn't work); fix obscure case with backticks and closed fd 1 -
    • nc: port nc 1.10 to busybox -
    • netstat: fix for bogus state value for raw sockets -
    • netstat: introduce -W: wide, ipv6-friendly output; shrink by ~500 bytes -
    • nmeter: should die if stdout doesn't like him anymore -
    • patch: do not try to delete same file twice -
    • ping: fix wrong sign extension of packet id (bug 1373) -
    • ps: add -o tty and -o rss support; make a bit smaller; work around libc bug: printf("%.*s\n", MAX_INT, buffer) -
    • run_parts: rewrite -
    • run_parts: do not check path portion of a name for "bad chars". Needed for ifupdown. Patch by Gabriel L. Somlo <somlo at cmu.edu> -
    • sed: fix escaped newlines in -f -
    • split: new applet -
    • stat: remove superfluous bss user (flags) and manually unswitch some areas -
    • stty: fix option parsing bug (spotted by Sascha Hauer <s.hauer at pengutronix.de>) -
    • svlogd: fix 'SEGV on uninitialized data' and make it honor TERM -
    • tail: fix SEGV on "tail -N" -
    • ipsvd: tcpsvd,udpsvd are new applets, GPL-ed 'clones' of Dan Bernstein's tcpserver. Author: Gerrit Pape <pape at smarden.org>, http://smarden.sunsite.dk/ipsvd/ -
    • test: close bug 1371; plug a memory leak; code size reduction -
    • tftp: code diet, and I think retransmits were broken -
    • tr: fix bug where we did not reject invalid classes like '[[:alpha'. debloat while at it -
    • udhcp: MAC_BCAST_ADDR and blank_chaddr are in fact constant, move to rodata; use pipe instead of socketpair -
    • udhcp[cd]: stop using atexit magic fir pidfile removal; stop deleting our own pidfile if we daemonize -
    • xargs: shrink code, ~80 bytes; simplify word list management -
    • zcip: make it work on NOMMU (+ improve NOMMU support machinery) -
    -
    • - -
  • 20 May 2007 -- BusyBox 1.5.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.5.1. - (patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    This is a bugfix-only release, with fixes to hdparm, hush, ifupdown, ps - and sed.

    -
    • - -
  • 23 March 2007 -- BusyBox 1.5.0 (unstable) -

    BusyBox 1.5.0. - (patches, - how to add a patch)

    - -

    Since this is a x.x.0 release, it probably does not deserve "stable" - label. Please help making 1.5.1 stable by testing 1.5.0.

    -

    Notable changes since previous release: -

      -
    • find: added support for -user, -not, fixed -mtime, -mmin, -perm -
    • [de]archivers: merge common logic into one module -
    • ping[6]: unified code for both -
    • less: regex search improved -
    • ash: more readable code, testsuite added -
    • sed: several very obscure bugs fixed -
    • chown: -H, -L, -P support (required by POSIX) -
    • tar: handle (broken) checksums a-la Sun; tar restores mode again -
    • grep: implement -w, "implement" -a and -I by ignoring them -
    • cp: more sane behavior when overwriting existing files -
    • init: stop doing silly things with the console (-400 bytes) -
    • httpd: make httpd usable for NOMMU CPUs; fix POSTDATA handling bugs -
    • httpd: run interpreter for configured file extensions in any dir, - not only in /cgi-bin/ -
    • chrt: new applet -
    • SELinux: SELinux-related code and -Z option added to several applets, - new SELinux-specific applets: chcon, runcon. -
    • Build system: produces link map, uses -Wwrite-strings to catch - improper usage of string constants. -
    • Data and bss section usage audited and reduced - should help NOMMU - targets. -
    • Applets with bug fixes: gunzip, vi, syslogd, dpkg, ls, adjtimex, resize, - sv, printf, diff, awk, sort, dpkg, diff, tftp -
    • Applets with usability improvements: swapon, more, ifup/ifdown, hwclock, - udhcpd, start_stop_daemon, cmp -
    • Applets with code cleaned up: telnet, fdisk, fsck_minix, mkfs_minix, - syslogd, swapon, runsv, svlogd, klogd -
    -
    • - -
  • 18 March 2007 -- BusyBox 1.4.2 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.4.2. -

    - -

    This release includes only trivial fixes accumulated since 1.4.1. -

    -
    • - -
  • 25 January 2007 -- BusyBox 1.4.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.4.1. - (patches)

    - -

    This release includes only trivial fixes accumulated since 1.4.0. -

    -
    • - -
  • 20 January 2007 -- BusyBox 1.4.0 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.4.0. - (patches)

    - -

    Since this is a x.x.0 release, it probably is a bit less "stable" - than usual.

    -

    Changes since previous release: -

      -
    • e2fsprogs are mostly removed from busybox. Some smaller parts remain, - the rest of it sits disabled in e2fsprogs/old_e2fsprogs/*, because - it's too bloated. Really. I'm afraid it's about the only way we can - ever get e2fsprogs cleaned up. -
    • less: many improvements. Now can display binary files - (although I expect it to have trouble with displays where 8bit chars - don't have 1-to-1 char/glyph relationship). Regexp search is not buggy - anymore. Less does not read entire input up-front. Reads input - as it appears (yay!). Works rather nice as man pager. I recommend it - for general use now. -
    • IPv6: generic support is in place, many networking applets are - upgraded to be IPv6 capable. Probably some work remains, but it is - already much better than what we had previously. -
    • arp: new applet (thanks to Eric Spakman). -
    • fakeidentd: non-forking standalone server part was taking ~90% - of the applet. Factored it out (in fact, rewrote it). -
    • syslogd: mostly rewritten. -
    • decompress_unzip, gzip: sanitized a bit. -
    • sed: better hadling of NULs -
    • httpd: stop adding our own "Content-type:" to CGI output -
    • chown: user.grp works again. -
    • minor bugfixes to: passwd, date, tftp, start_stop_daemon, tar, - ps, ifupdown, time, su, stty, awk, ping[6], sort,... -
    -
    • - -
  • 20 January 2007 -- BusyBox 1.3.2 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.3.2.

    - -

    This release includes only one trivial fix accumulated since 1.3.1 -

    -
    • - -
  • 27 December 2006 -- BusyBox 1.3.1 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.3.1. - (patches)

    - -

    Closing 2006 with new release. It includes only trivial fixes accumulated since 1.3.0 -

    -
    • - -
  • 14 December 2006 -- BusyBox 1.3.0 (stable) -

    BusyBox 1.3.0. - (patches)

    - -

    This release has CONFIG_DESKTOP option which enables features - needed for busybox usage on desktop machine. For example, find, chmod - and chown get several less frequently used options, od is significantly - bigger but matches GNU coreutils, etc. Intended to eventually make - busybox a viable alternative for "standard" utilities for slightly - adventurous desktop users. -

    Changes since previous release: -

      -
    • find: taking many more of standard options -
    • ps: POSIX-compliant -o implemented -
    • cp: added -s, -l -
    • grep: added -r, fixed -h -
    • watch: make it exec child like standard one does (was totally - incompatible) -
    • tar: fix limitations which were preventing bbox tar usage - on big directories: long names and linknames, pax headers - (Linux kernel tarballs have that). Fixed a number of obscure bugs. - Raised max file limit (now 64Gb). Security fixes (/../ attacks). -
    • httpd: added -i (inetd), -f (foreground), support for - directory indexer CGI (example is included), bugfixes. -
    • telnetd: fixed/improved IPv6 support, inetd+standalone support, - other fixes. Useful IPv6 stuff factored out into libbb. -
    • runit/*: new applets adapted from http://smarden.sunsite.dk/runit/ - (these are my personal favorite small-and-beautiful toys) -
    • minor bugfixes to: login, dd, mount, umount, chmod, chown, ln, udhcp, - fdisk, ifconfig, sort, tee, mkswap, wget, insmod. -
    -

    Note that GnuPG key used to sign this release is different. - 1.2.2.1 is also signed post-factum now. Sorry for the mess. -

    -
    • - -
  • 29 October 2006 -- BusyBox 1.2.2.1 (fix) -

    BusyBox 1.2.2.1.

    - -

    Added compile-time warning that static linking against glibc - produces buggy executables. -

    • - -
  • 24 October 2006 -- BusyBox 1.2.2 (stable) -

    It's a bit overdue, but - here is - BusyBox 1.2.2.

    - -

    This release has dozens of fixes backported from the ongoing development - branch. There are a couple of bugfixes to sed, two fixes to documentation - generation (BusyBox.html shouldn't have USE() macros in it anymore), fix - umount to report the right errno on failure and to umount block devices by - name with newer kernels, fix mount to handle symlinks properly, make mdev - delete device nodes when called for hotplug remove, fix a segfault - in traceroute, a minor portability fix to md5sum option parsing, a build - fix for httpd with old gccs, an options parsing tweak to hdparm, make test - fail gracefully when getgroups() returns -1, fix a race condition in - modprobe when two instances run at once (hotplug does this), make "tar xf - foo.tar dir/dir" extract all subdirectories, make our getty initialize the - terminal more like mingetty, an selinux build fix, an endianness fix in - ping6, fix for zcip defending addresses, clean up some global variables in - gzip to save memory, fix sulogin -tNNN, a help text tweak, several warning - fixes and build fixes, fixup dnsd a bit, and a partridge in a pear tree.

    - -

    As Linux Weekly News noted, - this is my (Rob's) last release of BusyBox. The new maintainer is Denis - Vlasenko, I'm off to do other things. -

    -
    • - -
  • 29 September 2006 -- New license email address. -

    The email address gpl@busybox.net is now the recommended way to contact - the Software Freedom Law Center to report BusyBox license violations.

    - -
  • 31 July 2006 -- BusyBox 1.2.1 (stable) -

    Since nobody seems to have objected too loudly over the weekend, I - might as well point you all at - Busybox - 1.2.1, a bugfix-only release with no new features.

    - -

    It has three shell fixes (two to lash: going "var=value" without - saying "export" should now work, plus a missing null pointer check, and - one to ash when redirecting output to a file that fills up.) Fix three - embarassing thinkos in the new dmesg command. Two build tweaks - (dependencies for the compressed usage messages and running make in the - libbb subdirectory). One fix to tar so it can extract git-generated - tarballs (rather than barfing on the pax extensions). And a partridge - in a pear... Ahem.

    - -

    But wait, there's more! A passwd changing fix so an empty - gecos field doesn't trigger a false objection that the new passwd contains - the gecos field. Make all our setuid() and setgid() calls check the return - value in case somebody's using per-process resource limits that prevent - a user from having too many processes (and thus prevent a process from - switching away from root, in which case the process will now _die_ rather - than continue with root privileges). A fix to adduser to make sure that - /etc/group gets updated. And a fix to modprobe to look for modules.conf - in the right place on 2.6 kernels.

    - -
  • 30 June 2006 -- BusyBox 1.2.0 -

    The -devel branch has been stabilized and the result is - Busybox - 1.2.0. Lots of stuff changed, I need to work up a decent changelog - over the weekend.

    - -

    I'm still experimenting with how long is best for the development - cycle, and since we've got some largeish projects queued up I'm going to - try a longer one. Expect 1.3.0 in December. (Expect 1.2.1 any time - we fix enough bugs. :)

    - -

    Update: Here are the first few bug fixes that will go into 1.2.1.

    - -
  • 17 May 2006 -- BusyBox 1.1.3 (stable) -

    BusyBox - 1.1.3 is another bugfix release. It makes passwd use salt, fixes a - memory freeing bug in ls, fixes "build all sources at once" mode, makes - mount -a not abort on the first failure, fixes msh so ctrl-c doesn't kill - background processes, makes patch work with patch hunks that don't have a - timestamp, make less's text search a lot more robust (the old one could - segfault), and fixes readlink -f when built against uClibc.

    - -

    Expect 1.2.0 sometime next month, which won't be a bugfix release.

    - -
  • 10 April 2006 -- BusyBox 1.1.2 (stable) -

    You can now download BusyBox 1.1.2, a bug fix release consisting of 11 patches - backported from the development branch: Some build fixes, several fixes - for mount and nfsmount, a fix for insmod on big endian systems, a fix for - find -xdev, and a fix for comm. Check the file "changelog" in the tarball - for more info.

    - -

    The next new development release (1.2.0) is slated for June. A 1.1.3 - will be released before then if more bug fixes crop up. (The new plan is - to have a 1.x.0 new development release every 3 months, with 1.x.y stable - bugfix only releases based on that as appropriate.)

    - -
  • 27 March 2006 -- Software Freedom Law Center representing BusyBox and uClibc -

    One issue Erik Andersen wanted to resolve when handing off BusyBox - maintainership to Rob Landley was license enforcement. BusyBox and - uClibc's existing license enforcement efforts (pro-bono representation - by Erik's father's law firm, and the - Hall of Shame), haven't - scaled to match the popularity of the projects. So we put our heads - together and did the obvious thing: ask Pamela Jones of - Groklaw for suggestions. She - referred us to the fine folks at softwarefreedom.org.

    - -

    As a result, we're pleased to announce that the - Software Freedom Law Center - has agreed to represent BusyBox and uClibc. We join a number of other - free and open source software projects (such as - X.org, - Wine, and - Plone - in being represented by a fairly cool bunch of lawyers, which is not a - phrase you get to use every day.

    - -
  • 22 March 2006 -- BusyBox 1.1.1 -

    The new maintainer is Rob Landley, and the new release is BusyBox 1.1.1. Expect a "what's new" document in a few days. (Also, Erik and I have have another announcement pending...)

    -

    Update: Rather than put out an endless stream of 1.1.1.x releases, - the various small fixes have been collected together into a - patch, - and new fixes will be appended to that as needed. Expect 1.1.2 around - June.

    -
    • -
  • 11 January 2006 -- 1.1.0 is out -

    The new stable release is - BusyBox - 1.1.0. It has a number of improvements, including several new applets. - (It also has a few rough spots, - but we're trying out a "release early, release often" strategy to see how - that works. Expect 1.1.1 sometime in March.)

    - -
  • 31 October 2005 -- 1.1.0-pre1 -

    The development branch of busybox is stable enough for wider testing, so - you can now - download, - the first prerelease of 1.1.0. This prerelease includes a lot of - new - functionality: new applets, new features, and extensive rewrites of - several existing applets. This prerelease should be noticeably more - standards - compliant than earlier versions of busybox, although we're - still working out the bugs.

    - -
  • 16 August 2005 -- 1.01 is out - -

    A new stable release (BusyBox - 1.01) is now available for download, containing over a hundred - small - fixes that have cropped up since the 1.00 release.

    - -
  • 13 January 2005 -- Bug and Patch Tracking

    - - Bug reports sometimes get lost when posted to the mailing list. The - developers of BusyBox are busy people, and have only so much they can keep - in their brains at a time. In my case, I'm lucky if I can remember my own - name, much less a bug report posted last week... To prevent your bug report - from getting lost, if you find a bug in BusyBox, please use the - shiny new Bug and Patch Tracking System - to post all the gory details. - -

    - - The same applies to patches... Regardless of whether your patch - is a bug fix or adds spiffy new features, please post your patch - to the Bug and Patch Tracking System to make certain it is - properly considered. - - -

    -

  • 13 October 2004 -- BusyBox 1.00 released

    - - When you take a careful look at nearly every embedded Linux device or - software distribution shipping today, you will find a copy of BusyBox. - With countless routers, set top boxes, wireless access points, PDAs, and - who knows what else, the future for Linux and BusyBox on embedded devices - is looking very bright. - -

    - - It is therefore with great satisfaction that I declare each and every - device already shipping with BusyBox is now officially out of date. - The highly anticipated release of BusyBox 1.00 has arrived! - -

    - - Over three years in development, BusyBox 1.00 represents a tremendous - improvement over the old 0.60.x stable series. Now featuring a Linux - KernelConf based configuration system (as used by the Linux kernel), - Linux 2.6 kernel support, many many new applets, and the development - work and testing of thousands of people from around the world. - -

    - - If you are already using BusyBox, you are strongly encouraged to upgrade to - BusyBox 1.00. If you are considering developing an embedded Linux device - or software distribution, you may wish to investigate if using BusyBox is - right for your application. If you need help getting started using - BusyBox, if you wish to donate to help cover expenses, or if you find a bug - and need help reporting it, you are invited to visit the BusyBox FAQ. - -

    - - As usual you can download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! - -

    -

  • Old News

    - Click here to read older news - - -

  • 16 August 2004 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-rc3 released

    - - Here goes release candidate 3... -

    - The changelog has all the details. - And as usual you can download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! - -

    -

  • 26 July 2004 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-rc2 released

    - - Here goes release candidate 2... -

    - The changelog has all the details. - And as usual you can download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! - -

    -

  • 20 July 2004 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-rc1 released

    - - Here goes release candidate 1... This fixes all (most?) of the problems - that have turned up since -pre10. In particular, loading and unloading of - kernel modules with 2.6.x kernels should be working much better. -

    - - I really want to get BusyBox 1.0.0 released soon and I see no real - reason why the 1.0.0 release shouldn't happen with things pretty much as - is. BusyBox is in good shape at the moment, and it works nicely for - everything that I'm doing with it. And from the reports I've been getting, - it works nicely for what most everyone else is doing with it as well. - There will eventually be a 1.0.1 anyway, so we might as well get on with - it. No, BusyBox is not perfect. No piece of software ever is. And while - there is still plenty that can be done to improve things, most of that work - is waiting till we can get a solid 1.0.0 release out the door.... -

    - - Please do not bother to send in patches adding cool new features at this - time. Only bug-fix patches will be accepted. If you have submitted a - bug-fixing patch to the busybox mailing list and no one has emailed you - explaining why your patch was rejected, it is safe to say that your patch - has been lost or forgotten. That happens sometimes. Please re-submit your - bug-fixing patch to the BusyBox mailing list, and be sure to put "[PATCH]" - at the beginning of the email subject line! - -

    - The changelog has all the details. - And as usual you can download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! - -

    - On a less happy note, My 92 year old grandmother (my dad's mom) passed away - yesterday (June 19th). The funeral will be Thursday in a little town about - 2 hours south of my home. I've checked and there is absolutely no way I - could be back in time for the funeral if I attend OLS and give my presentation - as scheduled. -

    - As such, it is with great reluctance and sadness that I have come - to the conclusion I will have to make my appologies and skip OLS - this year. -

    - - -

    -

  • 13 April 2004 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre10 released

    - - Ok, I lied. It turns out that -pre9 will not be the final BusyBox - pre-release. With any luck however -pre10 will be, since I really - want to get BusyBox 1.0.0 released very soon. As usual, please do not - bother to send in patches adding cool new features at this time. Only - bug-fix patches will be accepted. It would also be very helpful if - people could continue to review the BusyBox documentation and submit - improvements. - -

    - The changelog has all the details. - And as usual you can download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

    -

  • 6 April 2004 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre9 released

    - - Here goes the final BusyBox pre-release... This is your last chance for - bug fixes. With luck this will be released as BusyBox 1.0.0 later this - week. Please do not bother to send in patches adding cool new features at - this time. Only bug-fix patches will be accepted. It would also be - very helpful if people could help review the BusyBox documentation - and submit improvements. I've spent a lot of time updating the - documentation to make it better match reality, but I could really use some - assistance in checking that the features supported by the various applets - match the features listed in the documentation. - -

    - I had hoped to get this released a month ago, but - - another release on 1 March 2004 has kept me busy... - -

    - The changelog has all the details. - And as usual you can download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

    -

  • 23 February 2004 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre8 released

    - - Here goes yet another BusyBox pre-release... Please do not bother to send - in patches supplying new features at this time. Only bug-fix patches will - be accepted. If you have a cool new feature you would like to see - supported, or if you have an amazing new applet you would like to submit, - please wait and submit such things later. We really want to get a release - out we can all be proud of. We are still aiming to finish off the -pre - series in February and move on to the final 1.0.0 release... So if you - spot any bugs, now would be an excellent time to send in a fix to the - busybox mailing list. It would also be very helpful if people could - help review the BusyBox documentation and submit improvements. It would be - especially helpful if people could check that the features supported by the - various applets match the features listed in the documentation. - -

    - - The changelog has all the details. - And as usual you can download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

  • 4 February 2004 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre7 released

    - - There was a bug in -pre6 that broke argument parsing for a - number of applets, since a variable was not being zeroed out - properly. This release is primarily intended to fix that one - problem. In addition, this release fixes several other - problems, including a rewrite by mjn3 of the code for parsing - the busybox.conf file used for suid handling, some shell updates - from vodz, and a scattering of other small fixes. We are still - aiming to finish off the -pre series in February and move on to - the final 1.0.0 release... If you see any problems, of have - suggestions to make, as always, please feel free to email the - busybox mailing list. - -

    - - The changelog has all - the details. And as usual you can - download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

    -

  • 30 January 2004 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre6 released

    - - Here goes the next pre-release for the new BusyBox stable - series. This release adds a number of size optimizations, - updates udhcp, fixes up 2.6 modutils support, updates ash - and the shell command line editing, and the usual pile of - bug fixes both large and small. Things appear to be - settling down now, so with a bit of luck and some testing - perhaps we can finish off the -pre series in February and - move on to the final 1.0.0 release... If you see any - problems, of have suggestions to make, as always, please - feel free to email the busybox mailing list. - -

    - - People who rely on the daily BusyBox snapshots - should be aware that snapshots of the old busybox 0.60.x - series are no longer available. Daily snapshots are now - only available for the BusyBox 1.0.0 series and now use - the naming scheme "busybox-<date>.tar.bz2". Please - adjust any build scripts using the old naming scheme accordingly. - -

    - - The changelog has all - the details. And as usual you can - download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

    -

  • 23 December 2003 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre5 released

    - - Here goes the next pre-release for the new BusyBox stable - series. The most obvious thing in this release is a fix for - a terribly stupid bug in mount that prevented it from working - properly unless you specified the filesystem type. This - release also fixes a few compile problems, updates udhcp, - fixes a silly bug in fdisk, fixes ifup/ifdown to behave like - the Debian version, updates devfsd, updates the 2.6.x - modutils support, add a new 'rx' applet, removes the obsolete - 'loadacm' applet, fixes a few tar bugs, fixes a sed bug, and - a few other odd fixes. - -

    - - If you see any problems, of have suggestions to make, as - always, please feel free to send an email to the busybox - mailing list. - -

    - - The changelog has all - the details. And as usual you can - download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! -

    - - - -

  • 10 December 2003 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre4 released

    - - Here goes the fourth pre-release for the new BusyBox stable - series. This release includes major rework to sed, lots of - rework on tar, a new tiny implementation of bunzip2, a new - devfsd applet, support for 2.6.x kernel modules, updates to - the ash shell, sha1sum and md5sum have been merged into a - common applet, the dpkg applets has been cleaned up, and tons - of random bugs have been fixed. Thanks everyone for all the - testing, bug reports, and patches! Once again, a big - thank-you goes to Glenn McGrath (bug1) for stepping in and - helping get patches merged! - -

    - - And of course, if you are reading this, you might have noticed - the busybox website has been completely reworked. Hopefully - things are now somewhat easier to navigate... If you see any - problems, of have suggestions to make, as always, please feel - free to send an email to the busybox mailing list. - -

    - - The changelog has all - the details. And as usual you can - download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! - - - -

    -

  • 12 Sept 2003 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre3 released

    - - Here goes the third pre-release for the new BusyBox stable - series. The last prerelease has held up quite well under - testing, but a number of problems have turned up as the number - of people using it has increased. Thanks everyone for all - the testing, bug reports, and patches! - -

    - - If you have submitted a patch or a bug report to the busybox - mailing list and no one has emailed you explaining why your - patch was rejected, it is safe to say that your patch has - somehow gotten lost or forgotten. That happens sometimes. - Please re-submit your patch or bug report to the BusyBox - mailing list! - -

    - - The point of the "-preX" versions is to get a larger group of - people and vendors testing, so any problems that turn up can be - fixed prior to the final 1.0.0 release. The main feature - (besides additional testing) that is still still on the TODO - list before the final BusyBox 1.0.0 release is sorting out the - modutils issues. For the new 2.6.x kernels, we already have - patches adding insmod and rmmod support and those need to be - integrated. For 2.4.x kernels, for which busybox only supports - a limited number of architectures, we may want to invest a bit - more work before we cut 1.0.0. Or we may just leave 2.4.x - module loading alone. - -

    - - I had hoped this release would be out a month ago. And of - course, it wasn't since Erik became busy getting a release of - uClibc - out the door. Many thanks to Glenn McGrath (bug1) for - stepping in and helping get a bunch of patches merged! I am - not even going to state a date for releasing BusyBox 1.0.0 - -pre4 (or the final 1.0.0). We're aiming for late September... - But if this release proves as to be exceptionally stable (or - exceptionally unstable!), the next release may be very soon - indeed. - -

    - - The changelog has all - the details. And as usual you can - download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! - - -

    -

  • 30 July 2003 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre2 released

    - - Here goes another pre release for the new BusyBox stable - series. The last prerelease (pre1) was given quite a lot of - testing (thanks everyone!) which has helped turn up a number of - bugs, and these problems have now been fixed. - -

    - - Highlights of -pre2 include updating the 'ash' shell to sync up - with the Debian 'dash' shell, a new 'hdparm' applet was added, - init again supports pivot_root, The 'reboot' 'halt' and - 'poweroff' applets can now be used without using busybox init. - an ifconfig buffer overflow was fixed, losetup now allows - read-write loop devices, uClinux daemon support was added, the - 'watchdog', 'fdisk', and 'kill' applets were rewritten, there were - tons of doc updates, and there were many other bugs fixed. -

    - - If you have submitted a patch and it is not included in this - release and Erik has not emailed you explaining why your patch - was rejected, it is safe to say that he has lost your patch. - That happens sometimes. Please re-submit your patch to the - BusyBox mailing list. -

    - - The point of the "-preX" versions is to get a larger group of - people and vendors testing, so any problems that turn up can be - fixed prior to the final 1.0.0 release. The main feature that - is still still on the TODO list before the final BusyBox 1.0.0 - release is adding module support for the new 2.6.x kernels. If - necessary, a -pre3 BusyBox release will happen on August 6th. - Hopefully (i.e. unless some horrible catastrophic problem - turns up) the final BusyBox 1.0.0 release will be ready by - then... -

    - - The changelog has all - the details. As usual you can download busybox here. - -

    Have Fun! -

    - -

    -

  • 15 July 2003 -- BusyBox 1.0.0-pre1 released

    - - The busybox development series has been under construction for - nearly two years now. Which is just entirely too long... So - it is with great pleasure that I announce the imminent release - of a new stable series. Due to the huge number of changes - since the last stable release (and the usual mindless version - number inflation) I am branding this new stable series verison - 1.0.x... -

    - - The point of "-preX" versions is to get a larger group of - people and vendors testing, so any problems that turn up can be - fixed prior to the magic 1.0.0 release (which should happen - later this month)... I plan to release BusyBox 1.0.0-pre2 next - Monday (July 21st), and, if necessary, -pre3 on July 28th. - Hopefully (i.e. unless some horrible catastrophic problem turns - up) the final BusyBox 1.0.0 release should be ready by the end - of July. -

    - - If you have submitted patches, and they are not in this release - and I have not emailed you explaining why your patch was - rejected, it is safe to say that I have lost your patch. That - happens sometimes. Please do NOT send all your patches, - support questions, etc, directly to Erik. I get hundreds of - emails every day (which is why I end up losing patches - sometimes in the flood)... The busybox mailing list is the - right place to send your patches, support questions, etc. -

    - - I would like to especially thank Vladimir Oleynik (vodz), Glenn - McGrath (bug1), Robert Griebl (sandman), and Manuel Novoa III - (mjn3) for their significant efforts and contributions that - have made this release possible. -

    - - As usual you can download busybox here. - You don't really need to bother with the - changelog, as the changes - vs the stable version are way too extensive to easily enumerate. - But you can take a look if you really want too. - -

    Have Fun! -

    - - - -

    -

  • 26 October 2002 -- BusyBox 0.60.5 released

    - - I am very pleased to announce that the BusyBox 0.60.5 (stable) - is now available for download. This is a bugfix release for - the stable series to address all the problems that have turned - up since the last release. Unfortunately, the previous release - had a few nasty bugs (i.e. init could deadlock, gunzip -c tried - to delete source files, cp -a wouldn't copy symlinks, and init - was not always providing controlling ttys when it should have). - I know I said that the previous release would be the end of the - 0.60.x series. Well, it turns out I'm a liar. But this time I - mean it (just like last time ;-). This will be the last - release for the 0.60.x series -- all further development work - will be done for the development busybox tree. Expect the development - version to have its first real release very very soon now... - -

    - The changelog has all - the details. As usual you can download busybox here. -

    Have Fun! -

    - -

    -

  • 18 September 2002 -- BusyBox 0.60.4 released

    - - I am very pleased to announce that the BusyBox 0.60.4 - (stable) is now available for download. This is primarily - a bugfix release for the stable series to address all - the problems that have turned up since the last - release. This will be the last release for the 0.60.x series. - I mean it this time -- all further development work will be done - on the development busybox tree, which is quite solid now and - should soon be getting its first real release. - -

    - The changelog has all - the details. As usual you can download busybox here. -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

    -

  • 27 April 2002 -- BusyBox 0.60.3 released

    - - I am very pleased to announce that the BusyBox 0.60.3 (stable) is - now available for download. This is primarily a bugfix release - for the stable series. A number of problems have turned up since - the last release, and this should address most of those problems. - This should be the last release for the 0.60.x series. The - development busybox tree has been progressing nicely, and will - hopefully be ready to become the next stable release. - -

    - The changelog has all - the details. As usual you can download busybox here. -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

    -

  • 6 March 2002 -- busybox.net now has mirrors!

    - - Busybox.net is now much more available, thanks to - the fine folks at http://i-netinnovations.com/ - who are providing hosting for busybox.net and - uclibc.org. In addition, we now have two mirrors: - http://busybox.linuxmagic.com/ - in Canada and - http://busybox.csservers.de/ - in Germany. I hope this makes things much more - accessible for everyone! - - -

  • -3 January 2002 -- Welcome to busybox.net! - -

    Thanks to the generosity of a number of busybox -users, we have been able to purchase busybox.net -(which is where you are probably reading this). -Right now, busybox.net and uclibc.org are both -living on my home system (at the end of my DSL -line). I apologize for the abrupt move off of -busybox.lineo.com. Unfortunately, I no longer have -the access needed to keep that system updated (for -example, you might notice the daily snapshots there -stopped some time ago).

    - -

    Busybox.net is currently hosted on my home -server, at the end of a DSL line. Unfortunately, -the load on them is quite heavy. To address this, -I'm trying to make arrangements to get busybox.net -co-located directly at an ISP. To assist in the -co-location effort, Mark Whitley -(author of busybox sed, cut, and grep) has donated -his NetWinder computer -for hosting busybox.net and uclibc.org. Once this -system is co-located, the current speed problems -should be completely eliminated. Hopefully, too, -some of you will volunteer to set up some mirror -sites, to help to distribute the load a bit.

    - -

    - Since some people expressed concern over BusyBox -donations, let me assure you that no one is getting -rich here. All BusyBox and uClibc donations will be -spent paying for bandwidth and needed hardware -upgrades. For example, Mark's NetWinder currently -has just 64Meg of memory. As demonstrated when -google spidered the site the other day, 64 Megs in -not enough, so I'm going to be ordering 256Megs of -ram and a larger hard drive for the box today. So -far, donations received have been sufficient to -cover almost all expenses. In the future, we may -have co-location fees to worry about, but for now -we are ok. A HUGE thank-you goes out to -everyone that has contributed!
    - -Erik

    -
    • - -
  • -20 November 2001 -- BusyBox 0.60.2 released - -

    We am very pleased to announce that the BusyBox -0.60.2 (stable) is now released to the world. This -one is primarily a bugfix release for the stable -series, and it should take care of most everyone's -needs till we can get the nice new stuff we have -been working on in CVS ready to release (with the -wonderful new buildsystem). The biggest change in -this release (beyond bugfixes) is the fact that msh -(the minix shell) has been re-worked by Vladimir N. -Oleynik (vodz) and so it no longer crashes when -told to do complex things with backticks.

    - -

    This release has been tested on x86, ARM, and -powerpc using glibc 2.2.4, libc5, and uClibc, so it -should work with just about any Linux system you -throw it at. See the changelog for most -of the details. The last release was -very solid for people, and this one should -be even better.

    - -

    As usual BusyBox 0.60.2 can be downloaded from -http://www.busybox.net/downloads.

    - -

    Have Fun.
    - -Erik

    -
    • - -
  • 18 November 2001 -- Help us buy busybox.net! - - -
    -Click here to help buy busybox.net! -
    - - - - - - -
    -
    - - -I've contacted the current owner of busybox.net and he is willing -to sell the domain name -- for $250. He also owns busybox.org but -will not part with it... I will then need to pay the registry fee -for a couple of years and start paying for bandwidth, so this will -initially cost about $300. I would like to host busybox.net on my -home machine (codepoet.org) so I have full control over the system, -but to do that would require that I increase the level of bandwidth -I am paying for. Did you know that so far this month, there -have been over 1.4 Gigabytes of busybox ftp downloads? I don't -even know how much CVS bandwidth it requires. For the -time being, Lineo has continued to graciously provide this -bandwidth, despite the fact that I no longer work for them. If I -start running this all on my home machine, paying for the needed bandwidth -will start costing some money. -

    - -I was going to pay it all myself, but my wife didn't like that -idea at all (big surprise). It turns out <insert argument -where she wins and I don't> she has better ideas -about what we should spend our money on that don't involve -busybox. She suggested I should ask for contributions on the -mailing list and web page. So... -

    - -I am hoping that if everyone could contribute a bit, we could pick -up the busybox.net domain name and cover the bandwidth costs. I -know that busybox is being used by a lot of companies as well as -individuals -- hopefully people and companies that are willing to -contribute back a bit. So if everyone could please help out, that -would be wonderful! -

    - - -

  • 23 August 2001 -- BusyBox 0.60.1 released -
    - - This is a relatively minor bug fixing release that fixes - up the bugs that have shown up in the stable release in - the last few weeks. Fortunately, nothing too - serious has shown up. This release only fixes bugs -- no - new features, no new applets. So without further ado, - here it is. Come and get it. -

    - The - changelog has all - the details. As usual BusyBox 0.60.1 can be downloaded from - http://busybox.net/downloads. -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

  • 2 August 2001 -- BusyBox 0.60.0 released -
    - I am very pleased to announce the immediate availability of - BusyBox 0.60.0. I have personally tested this release with libc5, glibc, - and uClibc on - x86, ARM, and powerpc using linux 2.2 and 2.4, and I know a number - of people using it on everything from ia64 to m68k with great success. - Everything seems to be working very nicely now, so getting a nice - stable bug-free(tm) release out seems to be in order. This releases fixes - a memory leak in syslogd, a number of bugs in the ash and msh shells, and - cleans up a number of things. - -

    - - Those wanting an easy way to test the 0.60.0 release with uClibc can - use User-Mode Linux - to give it a try by downloading and compiling - buildroot.tar.gz. - You don't have to be root or reboot your machine to run test this way. - Preconfigured User-Mode Linux kernel source is also on busybox.net. -

    - Another cool thing is the nifty - BusyBox Tutorial contributed by K Computing. This requires - a ShockWave plugin (or standalone viewer), so you may want to grab the - the GPLed shockwave viewer from here - to view the tutorial. -

    - - Finally, In case you didn't notice anything odd about the - version number of this release, let me point out that this release - is not 0.53, because I bumped the version number up a - bit. This reflects the fact that this release is intended to form - a new stable BusyBox release series. If you need to rely on a - stable version of BusyBox, you should plan on using the stable - 0.60.x series. If bugs show up then I will release 0.60.1, then - 0.60.2, etc... This is also intended to deal with the fact that - the BusyBox build system will be getting a major overhaul for the - next release and I don't want that to break products that people - are shipping. To avoid that, the new build system will be - released as part of a new BusyBox development series that will - have some not-yet-decided-on odd version number. Once things - stabilize and the new build system is working for everyone, then - I will release that as a new stable release series. - -

    - The - changelog has all - the details. As usual BusyBox 0.60.0 can be downloaded from - http://busybox.net/downloads. -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

  • 7 July 2001 -- BusyBox 0.52 released -
    - - I am very pleased to announce the immediate availability of - BusyBox 0.52 (the "new-and-improved rock-solid release"). This - release is the result of many hours of work and has tons - of bugfixes, optimizations, and cleanups. This release adds - several new applets, including several new shells (such as hush, msh, - and ash). - -

    - The - changelog covers - some of the more obvious details, but there are many many things that - are not mentioned, but have been improved in subtle ways. As usual, - BusyBox 0.52 can be downloaded from - http://busybox.net/downloads. -

    Have Fun! -

    - - -

  • 10 April 2001 - Graph of Busybox Growth -
    -The illustrious Larry Doolittle has made a PostScript chart of the growth -of the Busybox tarball size over time. It is available for downloading / -viewing right here. - -

    (Note that while the number of applets in Busybox has increased, you -can still configure Busybox to be as small as you want by selectively -turning off whichever applets you don't need.) -

    - - -

  • 10 April 2001 -- BusyBox 0.51 released -
    - - BusyBox 0.51 (the "rock-solid release") is now out there. This - release adds only 2 new applets: env and vi. The vi applet, - contributed by Sterling Huxley, is very functional, and is only - 22k. This release fixes 3 critical bugs in the 0.50 release. - There were 2 potential segfaults in lash (the busybox shell) in - the 0.50 release which are now fixed. Another critical bug in - 0.50 which is now fixed: syslogd from 0.50 could potentially - deadlock the init process and thereby break your entire system. -

    - - There are a number of improvements in this release as well. For - one thing, the wget applet is greatly improved. Dmitry Zakharov - added FTP support, and Laurence Anderson make wget fully RFC - compliant for HTTP 1.1. The mechanism for including utility - functions in previous releases was clumsy and error prone. Now - all utility functions are part of a new libbb library, which makes - maintaining utility functions much simpler. And BusyBox now - compiles on itanium systems (thanks to the Debian itanium porters - for letting me use their system!). -

    - You can read the - changelog for - complete details. BusyBox 0.51 can be downloaded from - http://busybox.net/downloads. -

    Have Fun! -

    - -

  • Busybox Boot-Floppy Image - -

    Because you asked for it, we have made available a Busybox boot floppy -image. Here's how you use it: - -

      - -
    1. - Download the image - -
    2. dd it onto a floppy like so: dd if=busybox.floppy.img - of=/dev/fd0 ; sync - -
    3. Pop it in a machine and boot up. - -
    - -

    If you want to look at the contents of the initrd image, do this: - -

    -    mount ./busybox.floppy.img /mnt -o loop -t msdos
-    cp /mnt/initrd.gz /tmp
-    umount /mnt
-    gunzip /tmp/initrd.gz
-    mount /tmp/initrd /mnt -o loop -t minix
-
    - - -
  • 15 March 2001 -- BusyBox 0.50 released -
    - - This release adds several new applets including ifconfig, route, pivot_root, stty, - and tftp, and also fixes tons of bugs. Tab completion in the - shell is now working very well, and the shell's environment variable - expansion was fixed. Tons of other things were fixed or made - smaller. For a fairly complete overview, see the - changelog. -

    - lash (the busybox shell) is still with us, fixed up a bit so it - now behaves itself quite nicely. It really is quite usable as - long as you don't expect it to provide Bourne shell grammer. - Standard things like pipes, redirects, command line editing, and - environment variable expansion work great. But we have found that - this shell, while very usable, does not provide an extensible - framework for adding in full Bourne shell behavior. So the first order of - business as we begin working on the next BusyBox release will be to merge in the new shell - currently in progress at - Larry Doolittle's website. -

    - - -

  • 27 January 2001 -- BusyBox 0.49 released -
    - - Several new applets, lots of bug fixes, cleanups, and many smaller - things made nicer. Several cleanups and improvements to the shell. - For a list of the most interesting changes - you might want to look at the changelog. -

    - Special thanks go out to Matt Kraai and Larry Doolittle for all their - work on this release, and for keeping on top of things while I've been - out of town. -

    - Special Note
    - - BusyBox 0.49 was supposed to have replaced lash, the BusyBox - shell, with a new shell that understands full Bourne shell/Posix shell grammer. - Well, that simply didn't happen in time for this release. A new - shell that will eventually replace lash is already under - construction. This new shell is being developed by Larry - Doolittle, and could use all of our help. Please see the work in - progress on Larry's website - and help out if you can. This shell will be included in the next - release of BusyBox. -

    - -

  • 13 December 2000 -- BusyBox 0.48 released -
    - - This release fixes lots and lots of bugs. This has had some very - rigorous testing, and looks very, very clean. The usual tar - update of course: tar no longer breaks hardlinks, tar -xzf is - optionally supported, and the LRP folks will be pleased to know - that 'tar -X' and 'tar --exclude' are both now in. Applets are - now looked up using a binary search making lash (the busybox - shell) much faster. For the new debian-installer (for Debian - woody) a .udeb can now be generated. -

    - The curious can get a list of some of the more interesting changes by reading - the changelog. -

    - Many thanks go out to the many many people that have contributed to - this release, especially Matt Kraai, Larry Doolittle, and Kent Robotti. -

    -

  • 26 September 2000 -- BusyBox 0.47 released -
    - - This release fixes lots of bugs (including an ugly bug in 0.46 - syslogd that could fork-bomb your system). Added several new - apps: rdate, wget, getopt, dos2unix, unix2dos, reset, unrpm, - renice, xargs, and expr. syslogd now supports network logging. - There are the usual tar updates. Most apps now use getopt for - more correct option parsing. - See the changelog - for complete details. - - -

  • 11 July 2000 -- BusyBox 0.46 released -
    - - This release fixes several bugs (including a ugly bug in tar, - and fixes for NFSv3 mount support). Added a dumpkmap to allow - people to dump a binary keymaps for use with 'loadkmap', and a - completely reworked 'grep' and 'sed' which should behave better. - BusyBox shell can now also be used as a login shell. - See the changelog - for complete details. - - -

  • 21 June 2000 -- BusyBox 0.45 released -
    - - This release has been slow in coming, but is very solid at this - point. BusyBox now supports libc5 as well as GNU libc. This - release provides the following new apps: cut, tr, insmod, ar, - mktemp, setkeycodes, md5sum, uuencode, uudecode, which, and - telnet. There are bug fixes for just about every app as well (see - the changelog for - details). -

    - Also, some exciting infrastructure news! Busybox now has its own - mailing list, - publically browsable - CVS tree, - anonymous - CVS access, and - for those that are actively contributing there is even - CVS write access. - I think this will be a huge help to the ongoing development of BusyBox. -

    - Also, for the curious, there is no 0.44 release. Somehow 0.44 got announced - a few weeks ago prior to its actually being released. To avoid any confusion - we are just skipping 0.44. -

    - Many thanks go out to the many people that have contributed to this release - of BusyBox (esp. Pavel Roskin)! - - -

  • 19 April 2000 -- syslogd bugfix -
    -Turns out that there was still a bug in busybox syslogd. -For example, with the following test app: -
    -#include <syslog.h>
-
-int do_log(char* msg, int delay)
-{
-    openlog("testlog", LOG_PID, LOG_DAEMON);
-    while(1) {
-	syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: testing one, two, three\n", msg);
-	sleep(delay);
-    }
-    closelog();
-    return(0);
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    if (fork()==0)
-	do_log("A", 2);
-    do_log("B", 3);
-}
-
    -it should be logging stuff from both "A" and "B". As released in 0.43 only stuff -from "A" would have been logged. This means that if init tries to log something -while say ppp has the syslog open, init would block (which is bad, bad, bad). -

    -Karl M. Hegbloom has created a fix for the problem. -Thanks Karl! - - -

  • 18 April 2000 -- BusyBox 0.43 released (finally!) -
    -I have finally gotten everything into a state where I feel pretty -good about things. This is definitely the most stable, solid release -so far. A lot of bugs have been fixed, and the following new apps -have been added: sh, basename, dirname, killall, uptime, -freeramdisk, tr, echo, test, and usleep. Tar has been completely -rewritten from scratch. Bss size has also been greatly reduced. -More details are available in the -changelog. -Oh, and as a special bonus, I wrote some fairly comprehensive -documentation, complete with examples and full usage information. - -

    -Many thanks go out to the fine people that have helped by submitting patches -and bug reports; particularly instrumental in helping for this release were -Karl Hegbloom, Pavel Roskin, Friedrich Vedder, Emanuele Caratti, -Bob Tinsley, Nicolas Pitre, Avery Pennarun, Arne Bernin, John Beppu, and Jim Gleason. -There were others so if I somehow forgot to mention you, I'm very sorry. -

    - -You can grab BusyBox 0.43 tarballs here. - -

  • 9 April 2000 -- BusyBox 0.43 pre release -
    -Unfortunately, I have not yet finished all the things I want to -do for BusyBox 0.43, so I am posting this pre-release for people -to poke at. This contains my complete rewrite of tar, which now weighs in at -5k (7k with all options turned on) and works for reading and writing -tarballs (which it does correctly for everything I have been able to throw -at it). Tar also (optionally) supports the "--exclude" option (mainly because -the Linux Router Project folks asked for it). This also has a pre-release -of the micro shell I have been writing. This pre-release should be stable -enough for production use -- it just isn't a release since I have some structural -changes I still want to make. -

    -The pre-release can be found here. -Please let me know ASAP if you find any bugs. - -

  • 28 March 2000 -- Andersen Baby Boy release -
    -I am pleased to announce that on Tuesday March 28th at 5:48pm, weighing in at 7 -lbs. 12 oz, Micah Erik Andersen was born at LDS Hospital here in Salt Lake City. -He was born in the emergency room less then 5 minutes after we arrived -- and -it was such a relief that we even made it to the hospital at all. Despite the -fact that I was driving at an amazingly unlawful speed and honking at everybody -and thinking decidedly unkind thoughts about the people in our way, my wife -(inconsiderate of my feelings and complete lack of medical training) was lying -down in the back seat saying things like "I think I need to start pushing now" -(which she then proceeded to do despite my best encouraging statements to the -contrary). -

    -Anyway, I'm glad to note that despite the much-faster-than-we-were-expecting -labor, both Shaunalei and our new baby boy are doing wonderfully. -

    -So now that I am done with my excuse for the slow release cycle... -Progress on the next release of BusyBox has been slow but steady. I expect -to have a release sometime during the first week of April. This release will -include a number of important changes, including the addition of a shell, a -re-write of tar (to accommodate the Linux Router Project), and syslogd can now -accept multiple concurrent connections, fixing lots of unexpected blocking -problems. - - -

  • 11 February 2000 -- BusyBox 0.42 released -
    - - This is the most solid BusyBox release so far. Many, many - bugs have been fixed. See the - changelog for details. - - Of particular interest, init will now cleanly unmount - filesystems on reboot, cp and mv have been rewritten and - behave much better, and mount and umount no longer leak - loop devices. Many thanks go out to Randolph Chung, - Karl M. Hegbloom, Taketoshi Sano, and Pavel Roskin for - their hard work on this release of BusyBox. Please pound - on it and let me know if you find any bugs. - -

  • 19 January 2000 -- BusyBox 0.41 released -
    - - This release includes bugfixes to cp, mv, logger, true, false, - mkdir, syslogd, and init. New apps include wc, hostid, - logname, tty, whoami, and yes. New features include loop device - support in mount and umount, and better TERM handling by init. - The changelog can be found here. - -

  • 7 January 2000 -- BusyBox 0.40 released -
    - - This release includes bugfixes to init (now includes inittab support), - syslogd, head, logger, du, grep, cp, mv, sed, dmesg, ls, kill, gunzip, and mknod. - New apps include sort, uniq, lsmod, rmmod, fbset, and loadacm. - In particular, this release fixes an important bug in tar which - in some cases produced serious security problems. - As always, the changelog can be found here. - -

  • 11 December 1999 -- BusyBox Website -
    - I have received permission from Bruce Perens (the original author of BusyBox) - to set up this site as the new primary website for BusyBox. This website - will always contain pointers to the latest and greatest, and will also - contain the latest documentation on how to use BusyBox, what it can do, - what arguments its apps support, etc. - -

  • 10 December 1999 -- BusyBox 0.39 released -
    - This release includes fixes to init, reboot, halt, kill, and ls, and contains - the new apps ping, hostname, mkfifo, free, tail, du, tee, and head. A full - changelog can be found here. -

  • 5 December 1999 -- BusyBox 0.38 released -
    - This release includes fixes to tar, cat, ls, dd, rm, umount, find, df, - and make install, and includes new apps syslogd/klogd and logger. - - -
- - - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/products.html b/docs/busybox.net/products.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7bb07f71d..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/products.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,165 +0,0 @@ - - - -

Products/Projects Using BusyBox

- -Do you use BusyBox? I'd love to know about it and -I'd be happy to link to you. - -

-I know of the following projects that use BusyBox -- -listed in the order I happen to add them to the web page: - -

- -

-And here are products that use BusyBox -- - -

- - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/screenshot.html b/docs/busybox.net/screenshot.html deleted file mode 100644 index c5ef18bc7..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/screenshot.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -

Busybox Screenshot!

- - -Everybody loves to look at screenshots, so here is a live action screenshot of BusyBox. - -
-
-$ busybox
-BusyBox v1.10.1 (2008-04-24 11:30:07 CEST) multi-call binary
-Copyright (C) 1998-2007 Erik Andersen, Rob Landley, Denys Vlasenko
-and others. Licensed under GPLv2.
-See source distribution for full notice.
-
-Usage: busybox [function] [arguments]...
-   or: function [arguments]...
-
-	BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
-	utilities into a single executable.  Most people will create a
-	link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
-	will act like whatever it was invoked as!
-
-Currently defined functions:
-	[, [[, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash,
-	awk, basename, bbconfig, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2,
-	cal, cat, catv, chat, chattr, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
-	chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp,
-	comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut,
-	date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, devfsd, df,
-	dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dos2unix, dpkg,
-	dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject,
-	env, envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd,
-	false, fbset, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fetchmail, fgrep,
-	find, findfs, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix,
-	ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getenforce, getopt, getsebool,
-	getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, hdparm, head, hexdump,
-	hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id, ifconfig,
-	ifdown, ifenslave, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, install,
-	ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute, iprule,
-	iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, lash,
-	last, length, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, load_policy,
-	loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup,
-	lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lzmacat, makedevs, matchpathcon,
-	md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix,
-	mknod, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint,
-	msh, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup,
-	nslookup, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping,
-	ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, poweroff, printenv,
-	printf, ps, pscan, pwd, raidautorun, rdate, readahead,
-	readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot, renice, reset,
-	resize, restorecon, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio,
-	rtcwake, run-parts, runcon, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir,
-	rx, script, sed, selinuxenabled, sendmail, seq, sestatus,
-	setarch, setconsole, setenforce, setfiles, setkeycodes,
-	setlogcons, setsebool, setsid, setuidgid, sha1sum, slattach,
-	sleep, softlimit, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat,
-	strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd, swapoff,
-	swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail,
-	tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp,
-	tftpd, time, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, ttysize,
-	udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand,
-	uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode,
-	uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, watch, watchdog, wc, wget,
-	which, who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, zcip
-
-$ _
-
-
- - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/shame.html b/docs/busybox.net/shame.html deleted file mode 100644 index d9da44b69..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/shame.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,82 +0,0 @@ - - - -

Hall of Shame!!!

- -

This page is no longer updated, these days we forward this sort of -thing to the Software Freedom Law -Center instead.

- -

The following products and/or projects appear to use BusyBox, but do not -appear to release source code as required by the BusyBox license. This is a violation of the law! -The distributors of these products are invited to contact Erik Andersen if they have any confusion -as to what is needed to bring their products into compliance, or if they have -already brought their product into compliance and wish to be removed from the -Hall of Shame. - -

- -Here are the details of exactly how to comply -with the BusyBox license, so there should be no question as to -exactly what is expected. -Complying with the Busybox license is easy and completely free, so the -companies listed below should be ashamed of themselves. Furthermore, each -product listed here is subject to being legally ordered to cease and desist -distribution for violation of copyright law, and the distributor of each -product is subject to being sued for statutory copyright infringement damages -of up to $150,000 per work plus legal fees. Nobody wants to be sued, and Erik certainly would prefer to spend -his time doing better things than sue people. But he will sue if forced to -do so to maintain compliance. - -

- -Do everyone a favor and don't break the law -- if you use busybox, comply with -the busybox license by releasing the source code with your product. - -

- -

- - - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/sponsors.html b/docs/busybox.net/sponsors.html deleted file mode 100644 index e52adfc8e..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/sponsors.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,56 +0,0 @@ - - -

Sponsors

- -

Please visit our sponsors and thank them for their support! They have -provided money for equipment and bandwidth. Next time you need help with a -project, consider these fine companies!

- - - - -

If you wish to be a sponsor, or if you have already contributed and would -like your name added here, email Denys.

- - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/subversion.html b/docs/busybox.net/subversion.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2c4517a35..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/subversion.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ - - -

Accessing Source

- - - -

Patches

- -

You can download fixes for particular releases -of busybox, e.g. downloads/fixes-major-minor-patch/ - -

Anonymous Subversion Access

- -We allow anonymous (read-only) Subversion (svn) access to everyone. To -grab a copy of the latest version of BusyBox using anonymous svn access: - -
-svn co svn://busybox.net/trunk/busybox
- -

-The stable branches can be obtained with -

-svn co svn://busybox.net/branches/busybox_1_NN_stable
-
- -

- -If you are not already familiar with using Subversion, I recommend you visit the Subversion website. You might -also want to read online or buy a copy of the Subversion Book. If you are -already comfortable with using CVS, you may want to skip ahead to the Subversion for CVS Users -part of the Subversion Book. - -

- -Once you've checked out a copy of the source tree, you can update your source -tree at any time so it is in sync with the latest and greatest by entering your -BusyBox directory and running the command: - -

-svn update
- -Because you've only been granted anonymous access to the tree, you won't be -able to commit any changes. Changes can be submitted for inclusion by posting -them to the BusyBox mailing list. For those that are actively contributing -Subversion commit access can be made available. - - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/svnindex.css b/docs/busybox.net/svnindex.css deleted file mode 100644 index b1ca24a05..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/svnindex.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -/* A sample style sheet for displaying the Subversion directory listing - that is generated by mod_dav_svn and "svnindex.xsl". */ - -body{ - margin: 0; - padding: 0; -} - -a { - color: navy; -} - -.header { - padding-top: 5px; - text-align: center; -} - -.footer { - margin-top: 8em; - padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em; - border: 1px solid; - border-width: 1px 0; - clear: both; - border-color: rgb(30%,30%,50%) navy rgb(75%,80%,85%) navy; - background: rgb(88%,90%,92%); - font-size: 80%; -} - -.svn { - margin: 3em; -} - -.rev { - margin-right: 3px; - padding-left: 3px; - text-align: left; - font-size: 120%; -} - -.dir a { - text-decoration: none; - color: black; -} - -.file a { - text-decoration: none; - color: black; -} - -.path { - margin: 3px; - padding: 3px; - background: #FFCC66; - font-size: 120%; -} - -.updir { - margin: 3px; - padding: 3px; - margin-left: 3em; - background: #FFEEAA; -} - -.file { - margin: 3px; - padding: 3px; - margin-left: 3em; - background: rgb(95%,95%,95%); -} - -.file:hover { - margin: 3px; - padding: 3px; - margin-left: 3em; - background: rgb(100%,100%,90%); -/* border: 1px black solid; */ -} - -.dir { - margin: 3px; - padding: 3px; - margin-left: 3em; - background: rgb(90%,90%,90%); -} - -.dir:hover { - margin: 3px; - padding: 3px; - margin-left: 3em; - background: rgb(100%,100%,80%); -/* border: 1px black solid; */ -} diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/svnindex.xsl b/docs/busybox.net/svnindex.xsl deleted file mode 100644 index 2d3297c4c..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/svnindex.xsl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - <xsl:if test="string-length(index/@name) != 0"> - <xsl:value-of select="index/@name"/> - <xsl:text>: </xsl:text> - </xsl:if> - <xsl:value-of select="index/@path"/> - - - - -
- BUSYBOX -
-
- -
-
- -
-
- Powered by - - - - - Subversion - - - -
- - - - - -
- - - - :  - - - - - - — - - Revision - - -
-
- -
- - - - - - -
- [ - - .. - Parent Directory - - ] -
- - - -
- - - - - - / - -
- - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - diff --git a/docs/busybox.net/tinyutils.html b/docs/busybox.net/tinyutils.html deleted file mode 100644 index 18313460c..000000000 --- a/docs/busybox.net/tinyutils.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ - - - -

External Tiny Utilities

- -This is a list of tiny utilities whose functionality is not provided by -busybox. If you have additional suggestions, please send an e-mail to our -dev mailing list. - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FeatureUtilities
SSHDropbear has both an ssh server and an ssh client that together come in around 100k. It has no external -dependencies (I.E. it does not depend on OpenSSL, using a built-in copy of -LibTomCrypt instead). It's actively maintained, with a quiet but responsive -mailing list.
SMTPssmtp is an extremely simple Mail Transfer Agent.
ntpntpclient is a -tiny ntp client. BusyBox has rdate to set the date from a remote server, but -if you want a daemon to repeatedly adjust the clock over time, try that.
- -

In a gui environment, you'll probably want a web browser. -Konqueror Embedded requires QT -(or QT Embedded), but not KDE. The Dillo -requires GTK+, but not Gnome. Or you can try the graphical -version of links.

- -

SCRIPTING LANGUAGES

-

Although busybox has built-in support for shell scripts, plenty of other -small scripting languages are available on the net. A few examples:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
languagedescription
microperl A small standalone perl interpreter that can be built from the perl source -s via "make -f Makefile.micro". If you really feel the need for perl on an embe -dded system, this is where to start. -
LuaIf you just want a small embedded scripting language to write new -code in, this Brazilian import is lightweight, fairly popular, and has -a complete book about it online.
rcThe PLAN9 shell. Not compatible with conventional bourne shell syntax, -but fairly lightweight and small.
forthA well known language for fast and small programs, decades old but still -in use for everything from OpenBIOS to computer controlled engine timing.
- -

For more information, you probably want to look at -buildroot and -TinyGentoo, which -build and use tiny utilities for all sorts of things.

- - - -- cgit v1.2.3