/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */ /* * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system. * * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per * the Linux copyright. */ /* * DD.MM.YY * * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started. * * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks" * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but * it should work. Oh, well. * * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp) * * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c. * * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines.. * * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu) * * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more. * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu) * * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag. * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu) * * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de) * * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com) * * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem. * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com) * * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no) * * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks] * * -c for readablility checking (SLOW!) * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file. * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30) * -i for number of inodes * -v for v2 filesystem * * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-). */ #include "internal.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <signal.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <termios.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <mntent.h> #include <getopt.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/minix_fs.h> #ifdef MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2 #define HAVE_MINIX2 1 #endif #ifndef __GNUC__ #error "needs gcc for the bitop-__asm__'s" #endif #ifndef __linux__ #define volatile #endif #define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1 #define MINIX_BAD_INO 2 #define TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS 16 #define MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS 512 #define UPPER(size,n) (((size)+((n)-1))/(n)) #define INODE_SIZE (sizeof(struct minix_inode)) #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 #define INODE_SIZE2 (sizeof(struct minix2_inode)) #define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK \ : MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK)) #else #define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK)) #endif #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE) #define BITS_PER_BLOCK (BLOCK_SIZE<<3) static char *program_name = "mkfs"; static char *device_name = NULL; static int DEV = -1; static long BLOCKS = 0; static int check = 0; static int badblocks = 0; static int namelen = 30; /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */ static int dirsize = 32; static int magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2; static int version2 = 0; static char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE] = "\0"; static char *inode_buffer = NULL; #define Inode (((struct minix_inode *) inode_buffer)-1) #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 #define Inode2 (((struct minix2_inode *) inode_buffer)-1) #endif static char super_block_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE]; static char boot_block_buffer[512]; #define Super (*(struct minix_super_block *)super_block_buffer) #define INODES ((unsigned long)Super.s_ninodes) #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 #define ZONES ((unsigned long)(version2 ? Super.s_zones : Super.s_nzones)) #else #define ZONES ((unsigned long)(Super.s_nzones)) #endif #define IMAPS ((unsigned long)Super.s_imap_blocks) #define ZMAPS ((unsigned long)Super.s_zmap_blocks) #define FIRSTZONE ((unsigned long)Super.s_firstdatazone) #define ZONESIZE ((unsigned long)Super.s_log_zone_size) #define MAXSIZE ((unsigned long)Super.s_max_size) #define MAGIC (Super.s_magic) #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2+IMAPS+ZMAPS+INODE_BLOCKS) static char *inode_map; static char *zone_map; static unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS]; static int used_good_blocks = 0; static unsigned long req_nr_inodes = 0; #define inode_in_use(x) (bit(inode_map,(x))) #define zone_in_use(x) (bit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1)) #define mark_inode(x) (setbit(inode_map,(x))) #define unmark_inode(x) (clrbit(inode_map,(x))) #define mark_zone(x) (setbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1)) #define unmark_zone(x) (clrbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1)) /* * Volatile to let gcc know that this doesn't return. When trying * to compile this under minix, volatile gives a warning, as * exit() isn't defined as volatile under minix. */ static volatile void die(char *str) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", program_name, str); exit(8); } static volatile void show_usage() { fprintf(stderr, "BusyBox v%s (%s) multi-call binary -- GPL2\n\n", BB_VER, BB_BT); fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]\n\n", program_name); fprintf(stderr, "Make a MINIX filesystem.\n\n"); fprintf(stderr, "OPTIONS:\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-c\t\tCheck the device for bad blocks\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-n [14|30]\tSpecify the maximum length of filenames\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-i\t\tSpecify the number of inodes for the filesystem\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-l FILENAME\tRead the bad blocks list from FILENAME\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-v\t\tMake a Minix version 2 filesystem\n\n"); exit(16); } /* * Check to make certain that our new filesystem won't be created on * an already mounted partition. Code adapted from mke2fs, Copyright * (C) 1994 Theodore Ts'o. Also licensed under GPL. */ static void check_mount(void) { FILE *f; struct mntent *mnt; if ((f = setmntent(MOUNTED, "r")) == NULL) return; while ((mnt = getmntent(f)) != NULL) if (strcmp(device_name, mnt->mnt_fsname) == 0) break; endmntent(f); if (!mnt) return; die("%s is mounted; will not make a filesystem here!"); } static long valid_offset(int fd, int offset) { char ch; if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0) return 0; if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1) return 0; return 1; } static int count_blocks(int fd) { int high, low; low = 0; for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2) low = high; while (low < high - 1) { const int mid = (low + high) / 2; if (valid_offset(fd, mid)) low = mid; else high = mid; } valid_offset(fd, 0); return (low + 1); } static int get_size(const char *file) { int fd; long size; fd = open(file, O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) { perror(file); exit(1); } if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &size) >= 0) { close(fd); return (size * 512); } size = count_blocks(fd); close(fd); return size; } static void write_tables(void) { /* Mark the super block valid. */ Super.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS; Super.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS; if (lseek(DEV, 0, SEEK_SET)) die("seek to boot block failed in write_tables"); if (512 != write(DEV, boot_block_buffer, 512)) die("unable to clear boot sector"); if (BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET)) die("seek failed in write_tables"); if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE)) die("unable to write super-block"); if (IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, inode_map, IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE)) die("unable to write inode map"); if (ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, zone_map, ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE)) die("unable to write zone map"); if (INODE_BUFFER_SIZE != write(DEV, inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE)) die("unable to write inodes"); } static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer) { if (blk * BLOCK_SIZE != lseek(DEV, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET)) die("seek failed in write_block"); if (BLOCK_SIZE != write(DEV, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE)) die("write failed in write_block"); } static int get_free_block(void) { int blk; if (used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS) die("too many bad blocks"); if (used_good_blocks) blk = good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks - 1] + 1; else blk = FIRSTZONE; while (blk < ZONES && zone_in_use(blk)) blk++; if (blk >= ZONES) die("not enough good blocks"); good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks] = blk; used_good_blocks++; return blk; } static void mark_good_blocks(void) { int blk; for (blk = 0; blk < used_good_blocks; blk++) mark_zone(good_blocks_table[blk]); } inline int next(int zone) { if (!zone) zone = FIRSTZONE - 1; while (++zone < ZONES) if (zone_in_use(zone)) return zone; return 0; } static void make_bad_inode(void) { struct minix_inode *inode = &Inode[MINIX_BAD_INO]; int i, j, zone; int ind = 0, dind = 0; unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1]; unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1]; #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone)) if (!badblocks) return; mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO); inode->i_nlinks = 1; inode->i_time = time(NULL); inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000; inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE; zone = next(0); for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) { inode->i_zone[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) { ind_block[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block(); memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) { write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) { ind_block[j] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } } die("too many bad blocks"); end_bad: if (ind) write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); if (dind) write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block); } #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 static void make_bad_inode2(void) { struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_BAD_INO]; int i, j, zone; int ind = 0, dind = 0; unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2]; unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2]; if (!badblocks) return; mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO); inode->i_nlinks = 1; inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time(NULL); inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000; inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE; zone = next(0); for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) { inode->i_zone[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { ind_block[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block(); memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) { ind_block[j] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } } /* Could make triple indirect block here */ die("too many bad blocks"); end_bad: if (ind) write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); if (dind) write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block); } #endif static void make_root_inode(void) { struct minix_inode *inode = &Inode[MINIX_ROOT_INO]; mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO); inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block(); inode->i_nlinks = 2; inode->i_time = time(NULL); if (badblocks) inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize; else { root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0'; root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0'; inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize; } inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755; inode->i_uid = getuid(); if (inode->i_uid) inode->i_gid = getgid(); write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block); } #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 static void make_root_inode2(void) { struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_ROOT_INO]; mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO); inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block(); inode->i_nlinks = 2; inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time(NULL); if (badblocks) inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize; else { root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0'; root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0'; inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize; } inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755; inode->i_uid = getuid(); if (inode->i_uid) inode->i_gid = getgid(); write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block); } #endif static void setup_tables(void) { int i; unsigned long inodes; memset(super_block_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); memset(boot_block_buffer, 0, 512); MAGIC = magic; ZONESIZE = 0; MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024; ZONES = BLOCKS; /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */ if (req_nr_inodes == 0) inodes = BLOCKS / 3; else inodes = req_nr_inodes; /* Round up inode count to fill block size */ #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 if (version2) inodes = ((inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) & ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1)); else #endif inodes = ((inodes + MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) & ~(MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1)); if (inodes > 65535) inodes = 65535; INODES = inodes; IMAPS = UPPER(INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK); ZMAPS = 0; i = 0; while (ZMAPS != UPPER(BLOCKS - (2 + IMAPS + ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK) && i < 1000) { ZMAPS = UPPER(BLOCKS - (2 + IMAPS + ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK); i++; } /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown * in infinite loop... * try: * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024 * /sbin/mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs * */ if (i >= 999) { die("unable to allocate buffers for maps"); } FIRSTZONE = NORM_FIRSTZONE; inode_map = xmalloc(IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); zone_map = xmalloc(ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); memset(inode_map, 0xff, IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); memset(zone_map, 0xff, ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = FIRSTZONE; i < ZONES; i++) unmark_zone(i); for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= INODES; i++) unmark_inode(i); inode_buffer = xmalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE); memset(inode_buffer, 0, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE); printf("%ld inodes\n", INODES); printf("%ld blocks\n", ZONES); printf("Firstdatazone=%ld (%ld)\n", FIRSTZONE, NORM_FIRSTZONE); printf("Zonesize=%d\n", BLOCK_SIZE << ZONESIZE); printf("Maxsize=%ld\n\n", MAXSIZE); } /* * Perform a test of a block; return the number of * blocks readable/writeable. */ long do_check(char *buffer, int try, unsigned int current_block) { long got; /* Seek to the correct loc. */ if (lseek(DEV, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) != current_block * BLOCK_SIZE) { die("seek failed during testing of blocks"); } /* Try the read */ got = read(DEV, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE); if (got < 0) got = 0; if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1)) { printf("Weird values in do_check: probably bugs\n"); } got /= BLOCK_SIZE; return got; } static unsigned int currently_testing = 0; static void alarm_intr(int alnum) { if (currently_testing >= ZONES) return; signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr); alarm(5); if (!currently_testing) return; printf("%d ...", currently_testing); fflush(stdout); } static void check_blocks(void) { int try, got; static char buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS]; currently_testing = 0; signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr); alarm(5); while (currently_testing < ZONES) { if (lseek(DEV, currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET) != currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE) die("seek failed in check_blocks"); try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS; if (currently_testing + try > ZONES) try = ZONES - currently_testing; got = do_check(buffer, try, currently_testing); currently_testing += got; if (got == try) continue; if (currently_testing < FIRSTZONE) die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs"); mark_zone(currently_testing); badblocks++; currently_testing++; } if (badblocks > 1) printf("%d bad blocks\n", badblocks); else if (badblocks == 1) printf("one bad block\n"); } static void get_list_blocks(filename) char *filename; { FILE *listfile; unsigned long blockno; listfile = fopen(filename, "r"); if (listfile == (FILE *) NULL) { die("can't open file of bad blocks"); } while (!feof(listfile)) { fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno); mark_zone(blockno); badblocks++; } if (badblocks > 1) printf("%d bad blocks\n", badblocks); else if (badblocks == 1) printf("one bad block\n"); } extern int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv) { int i; char *tmp; struct stat statbuf; char *listfile = NULL; if (argc && *argv) program_name = *argv; if (INODE_SIZE * MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE) die("bad inode size"); #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE) die("bad inode size"); #endif opterr = 0; while ((i = getopt(argc, argv, "ci:l:n:v")) != EOF) switch (i) { case 'c': check = 1; break; case 'i': req_nr_inodes = (unsigned long) atol(optarg); break; case 'l': listfile = optarg; break; case 'n': i = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0); if (*tmp) show_usage(); if (i == 14) magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC; else if (i == 30) magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2; else show_usage(); namelen = i; dirsize = i + 2; break; case 'v': #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 version2 = 1; #else fprintf(stderr, "%s: not compiled with minix v2 support\n", program_name, device_name); exit(-1); #endif break; default: show_usage(); } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc > 0 && !device_name) { device_name = argv[0]; argc--; argv++; } if (argc > 0) { BLOCKS = strtol(argv[0], &tmp, 0); if (*tmp) { printf("strtol error: number of blocks not specified"); show_usage(); } } if (device_name && !BLOCKS) BLOCKS = get_size(device_name) / 1024; if (!device_name || BLOCKS < 10) { show_usage(); } #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 if (version2) { if (namelen == 14) magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC; else magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2; } else #endif if (BLOCKS > 65535) BLOCKS = 65535; check_mount(); /* is it already mounted? */ tmp = root_block; *(short *) tmp = 1; strcpy(tmp + 2, "."); tmp += dirsize; *(short *) tmp = 1; strcpy(tmp + 2, ".."); tmp += dirsize; *(short *) tmp = 2; strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks"); DEV = open(device_name, O_RDWR); if (DEV < 0) die("unable to open %s"); if (fstat(DEV, &statbuf) < 0) die("unable to stat %s"); if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) check = 0; else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340) die("will not try to make filesystem on '%s'"); setup_tables(); if (check) check_blocks(); else if (listfile) get_list_blocks(listfile); #ifdef HAVE_MINIX2 if (version2) { make_root_inode2(); make_bad_inode2(); } else #endif { make_root_inode(); make_bad_inode(); } mark_good_blocks(); write_tables(); return 0; }