/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */ /* * mkfs.c - make a linux (minix) file-system. * * (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds. This file may be redistributed as per * the Linux copyright. */ /* * DD.MM.YY * * 24.11.91 - Time began. Used the fsck sources to get started. * * 25.11.91 - Corrected some bugs. Added support for ".badblocks" * The algorithm for ".badblocks" is a bit weird, but * it should work. Oh, well. * * 25.01.92 - Added the -l option for getting the list of bad blocks * out of a named file. (Dave Rivers, rivers@ponds.uucp) * * 28.02.92 - Added %-information when using -c. * * 28.02.93 - Added support for other namelengths than the original * 14 characters so that I can test the new kernel routines.. * * 09.10.93 - Make exit status conform to that required by fsutil * (Rik Faith, faith@cs.unc.edu) * * 31.10.93 - Added inode request feature, for backup floppies: use * 32 inodes, for a news partition use more. * (Scott Heavner, sdh@po.cwru.edu) * * 03.01.94 - Added support for file system valid flag. * (Dr. Wettstein, greg%wind.uucp@plains.nodak.edu) * * 30.10.94 - added support for v2 filesystem * (Andreas Schwab, schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de) * * 09.11.94 - Added test to prevent overwrite of mounted fs adapted * from Theodore Ts'o's (tytso@athena.mit.edu) mke2fs * program. (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com) * * 03.20.95 - Clear first 512 bytes of filesystem to make certain that * the filesystem is not misidentified as a MS-DOS FAT filesystem. * (Daniel Quinlan, quinlan@yggdrasil.com) * * 02.07.96 - Added small patch from Russell King to make the program a * good deal more portable (janl@math.uio.no) * * Usage: mkfs [-c | -l filename ] [-v] [-nXX] [-iXX] device [size-in-blocks] * * -c for readability checking (SLOW!) * -l for getting a list of bad blocks from a file. * -n for namelength (currently the kernel only uses 14 or 30) * -i for number of inodes * -v for v2 filesystem * * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-). * * Modified for BusyBox by Erik Andersen -- * removed getopt based parser and added a hand rolled one. */ #include "busybox.h" #include #define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1 #define MINIX_LINK_MAX 250 #define MINIX2_LINK_MAX 65530 #define MINIX_I_MAP_SLOTS 8 #define MINIX_Z_MAP_SLOTS 64 #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC 0x137F /* original minix fs */ #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x138F /* minix fs, 30 char names */ #define MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC 0x2468 /* minix V2 fs */ #define MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x2478 /* minix V2 fs, 30 char names */ #define MINIX_VALID_FS 0x0001 /* Clean fs. */ #define MINIX_ERROR_FS 0x0002 /* fs has errors. */ #define MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix_inode))) #define MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix2_inode))) #define MINIX_V1 0x0001 /* original minix fs */ #define MINIX_V2 0x0002 /* minix V2 fs */ #define INODE_VERSION(inode) inode->i_sb->u.minix_sb.s_version /* * This is the original minix inode layout on disk. * Note the 8-bit gid and atime and ctime. */ struct minix_inode { uint16_t i_mode; uint16_t i_uid; uint32_t i_size; uint32_t i_time; uint8_t i_gid; uint8_t i_nlinks; uint16_t i_zone[9]; }; /* * The new minix inode has all the time entries, as well as * long block numbers and a third indirect block (7+1+1+1 * instead of 7+1+1). Also, some previously 8-bit values are * now 16-bit. The inode is now 64 bytes instead of 32. */ struct minix2_inode { uint16_t i_mode; uint16_t i_nlinks; uint16_t i_uid; uint16_t i_gid; uint32_t i_size; uint32_t i_atime; uint32_t i_mtime; uint32_t i_ctime; uint32_t i_zone[10]; }; /* * minix super-block data on disk */ struct minix_super_block { uint16_t s_ninodes; uint16_t s_nzones; uint16_t s_imap_blocks; uint16_t s_zmap_blocks; uint16_t s_firstdatazone; uint16_t s_log_zone_size; uint32_t s_max_size; uint16_t s_magic; uint16_t s_state; uint32_t s_zones; }; struct minix_dir_entry { uint16_t inode; char name[0]; }; #define NAME_MAX 255 /* # chars in a file name */ #define MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK ((BLOCK_SIZE)/(sizeof (struct minix_inode))) #define MINIX_VALID_FS 0x0001 /* Clean fs. */ #define MINIX_ERROR_FS 0x0002 /* fs has errors. */ #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC 0x137F /* original minix fs */ #define MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2 0x138F /* minix fs, 30 char names */ #ifndef BLKGETSIZE #define BLKGETSIZE _IO(0x12,96) /* return device size */ #endif #ifndef __linux__ #define volatile #endif #define MINIX_ROOT_INO 1 #define MINIX_BAD_INO 2 #define TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS 16 #define MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS 512 #define UPPER(size,n) (((size)+((n)-1))/(n)) #define INODE_SIZE (sizeof(struct minix_inode)) #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 # define INODE_SIZE2 (sizeof(struct minix2_inode)) # define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (version2 ? MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK \ : MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK)) #else # define INODE_BLOCKS UPPER(INODES, (MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK)) #endif #define INODE_BUFFER_SIZE (INODE_BLOCKS * BLOCK_SIZE) #define BITS_PER_BLOCK (BLOCK_SIZE<<3) static char *device_name; static int DEV = -1; static uint32_t BLOCKS; static int badblocks; /* default (changed to 30, per Linus's suggestion, Sun Nov 21 08:05:07 1993) */ static int namelen = 30; static int dirsize = 32; static int magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2; #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 static int version2; #else enum { version2 = 0 }; #endif static char root_block[BLOCK_SIZE]; static char *inode_buffer; #define Inode (((struct minix_inode *) inode_buffer)-1) #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 #define Inode2 (((struct minix2_inode *) inode_buffer)-1) #endif static char super_block_buffer[BLOCK_SIZE]; static char boot_block_buffer[512]; #define Super (*(struct minix_super_block *)super_block_buffer) #define INODES (Super.s_ninodes) #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 # define ZONES (version2 ? Super.s_zones : Super.s_nzones) #else # define ZONES (Super.s_nzones) #endif #define IMAPS (Super.s_imap_blocks) #define ZMAPS (Super.s_zmap_blocks) #define FIRSTZONE (Super.s_firstdatazone) #define ZONESIZE (Super.s_log_zone_size) #define MAXSIZE (Super.s_max_size) #define MAGIC (Super.s_magic) #define NORM_FIRSTZONE (2+IMAPS+ZMAPS+INODE_BLOCKS) static char *inode_map; static char *zone_map; static unsigned short good_blocks_table[MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS]; static int used_good_blocks; static unsigned long req_nr_inodes; static int bit(char* a, unsigned i) { return (a[i >> 3] & (1<<(i & 7))) != 0; } #define inode_in_use(x) (bit(inode_map,(x))) #define zone_in_use(x) (bit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1)) #define mark_inode(x) (setbit(inode_map,(x))) #define unmark_inode(x) (clrbit(inode_map,(x))) #define mark_zone(x) (setbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1)) #define unmark_zone(x) (clrbit(zone_map,(x)-FIRSTZONE+1)) static long valid_offset(int fd, int offset) { char ch; if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) return 0; if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1) return 0; return 1; } static int count_blocks(int fd) { int high, low; low = 0; for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2) low = high; while (low < high - 1) { const int mid = (low + high) / 2; if (valid_offset(fd, mid)) low = mid; else high = mid; } valid_offset(fd, 0); return (low + 1); } static int get_size(const char *file) { int fd; long size; fd = xopen(file, O_RDWR); if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &size) >= 0) { close(fd); return (size * 512); } size = count_blocks(fd); close(fd); return size; } static void write_tables(void) { /* Mark the super block valid. */ Super.s_state |= MINIX_VALID_FS; Super.s_state &= ~MINIX_ERROR_FS; msg_eol = "seek to 0 failed"; xlseek(DEV, 0, SEEK_SET); msg_eol = "cannot clear boot sector"; xwrite(DEV, boot_block_buffer, 512); msg_eol = "seek to BLOCK_SIZE failed"; xlseek(DEV, BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET); msg_eol = "cannot write superblock"; xwrite(DEV, super_block_buffer, BLOCK_SIZE); msg_eol = "cannot write inode map"; xwrite(DEV, inode_map, IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); msg_eol = "cannot write zone map"; xwrite(DEV, zone_map, ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); msg_eol = "cannot write inodes"; xwrite(DEV, inode_buffer, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE); msg_eol = "\n"; } static void write_block(int blk, char *buffer) { xlseek(DEV, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET); xwrite(DEV, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE); } static int get_free_block(void) { int blk; if (used_good_blocks + 1 >= MAX_GOOD_BLOCKS) bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks"); if (used_good_blocks) blk = good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks - 1] + 1; else blk = FIRSTZONE; while (blk < ZONES && zone_in_use(blk)) blk++; if (blk >= ZONES) bb_error_msg_and_die("not enough good blocks"); good_blocks_table[used_good_blocks] = blk; used_good_blocks++; return blk; } static void mark_good_blocks(void) { int blk; for (blk = 0; blk < used_good_blocks; blk++) mark_zone(good_blocks_table[blk]); } static int next(int zone) { if (!zone) zone = FIRSTZONE - 1; while (++zone < ZONES) if (zone_in_use(zone)) return zone; return 0; } static void make_bad_inode(void) { struct minix_inode *inode = &Inode[MINIX_BAD_INO]; int i, j, zone; int ind = 0, dind = 0; unsigned short ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1]; unsigned short dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 1]; #define NEXT_BAD (zone = next(zone)) if (!badblocks) return; mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO); inode->i_nlinks = 1; /* BTW, setting this makes all images different */ /* it's harder to check for bugs then - diff isn't helpful :(... */ inode->i_time = time(NULL); inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000; inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE; zone = next(0); for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) { inode->i_zone[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) { ind_block[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block(); memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) { write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (j = 0; j < 512; j++) { ind_block[j] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } } bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks"); end_bad: if (ind) write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); if (dind) write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block); } #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 static void make_bad_inode2(void) { struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_BAD_INO]; int i, j, zone; int ind = 0, dind = 0; unsigned long ind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2]; unsigned long dind_block[BLOCK_SIZE >> 2]; if (!badblocks) return; mark_inode(MINIX_BAD_INO); inode->i_nlinks = 1; inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time(NULL); inode->i_mode = S_IFREG + 0000; inode->i_size = badblocks * BLOCK_SIZE; zone = next(0); for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) { inode->i_zone[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[7] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { ind_block[i] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } inode->i_zone[8] = dind = get_free_block(); memset(dind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); dind_block[i] = ind = get_free_block(); memset(ind_block, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) { ind_block[j] = zone; if (!NEXT_BAD) goto end_bad; } } /* Could make triple indirect block here */ bb_error_msg_and_die("too many bad blocks"); end_bad: if (ind) write_block(ind, (char *) ind_block); if (dind) write_block(dind, (char *) dind_block); } #endif static void make_root_inode(void) { struct minix_inode *inode = &Inode[MINIX_ROOT_INO]; mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO); inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block(); inode->i_nlinks = 2; inode->i_time = time(NULL); if (badblocks) inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize; else { root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0'; root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0'; inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize; } inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755; inode->i_uid = getuid(); if (inode->i_uid) inode->i_gid = getgid(); write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block); } #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 static void make_root_inode2(void) { struct minix2_inode *inode = &Inode2[MINIX_ROOT_INO]; mark_inode(MINIX_ROOT_INO); inode->i_zone[0] = get_free_block(); inode->i_nlinks = 2; inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = time(NULL); if (badblocks) inode->i_size = 3 * dirsize; else { root_block[2 * dirsize] = '\0'; root_block[2 * dirsize + 1] = '\0'; inode->i_size = 2 * dirsize; } inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR + 0755; inode->i_uid = getuid(); if (inode->i_uid) inode->i_gid = getgid(); write_block(inode->i_zone[0], root_block); } #endif static void setup_tables(void) { int i; unsigned long inodes; memset(super_block_buffer, 0, BLOCK_SIZE); memset(boot_block_buffer, 0, 512); MAGIC = magic; ZONESIZE = 0; MAXSIZE = version2 ? 0x7fffffff : (7 + 512 + 512 * 512) * 1024; if (version2) { Super.s_zones = BLOCKS; } else Super.s_nzones = BLOCKS; /* some magic nrs: 1 inode / 3 blocks */ if (req_nr_inodes == 0) inodes = BLOCKS / 3; else inodes = req_nr_inodes; /* Round up inode count to fill block size */ if (version2) inodes = ((inodes + MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) & ~(MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1)); else inodes = ((inodes + MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1) & ~(MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK - 1)); if (inodes > 65535) inodes = 65535; INODES = inodes; IMAPS = UPPER(INODES + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK); ZMAPS = 0; i = 0; while (ZMAPS != UPPER(BLOCKS - (2 + IMAPS + ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK) && i < 1000) { ZMAPS = UPPER(BLOCKS - (2 + IMAPS + ZMAPS + INODE_BLOCKS) + 1, BITS_PER_BLOCK); i++; } /* Real bad hack but overwise mkfs.minix can be thrown * in infinite loop... * try: * dd if=/dev/zero of=test.fs count=10 bs=1024 * /sbin/mkfs.minix -i 200 test.fs * */ if (i >= 999) { bb_error_msg_and_die("cannot allocate buffers for maps"); } FIRSTZONE = NORM_FIRSTZONE; inode_map = xmalloc(IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); zone_map = xmalloc(ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); memset(inode_map, 0xff, IMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); memset(zone_map, 0xff, ZMAPS * BLOCK_SIZE); for (i = FIRSTZONE; i < ZONES; i++) unmark_zone(i); for (i = MINIX_ROOT_INO; i <= INODES; i++) unmark_inode(i); inode_buffer = xmalloc(INODE_BUFFER_SIZE); memset(inode_buffer, 0, INODE_BUFFER_SIZE); printf("%ld inodes\n", (long)INODES); printf("%ld blocks\n", (long)ZONES); printf("Firstdatazone=%ld (%ld)\n", (long)FIRSTZONE, (long)NORM_FIRSTZONE); printf("Zonesize=%d\n", BLOCK_SIZE << ZONESIZE); printf("Maxsize=%ld\n\n", (long)MAXSIZE); } /* * Perform a test of a block; return the number of * blocks readable/writable. */ static long do_check(char *buffer, int try, unsigned current_block) { long got; /* Seek to the correct loc. */ msg_eol = "seek failed during testing of blocks"; xlseek(DEV, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET); msg_eol = "\n"; /* Try the read */ got = read(DEV, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE); if (got < 0) got = 0; if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1)) { printf("Weird values in do_check: probably bugs\n"); } got /= BLOCK_SIZE; return got; } static unsigned currently_testing; static void alarm_intr(int alnum) { if (currently_testing >= ZONES) return; signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr); alarm(5); if (!currently_testing) return; printf("%d ...", currently_testing); fflush(stdout); } static void check_blocks(void) { int try, got; static char buffer[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS]; currently_testing = 0; signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr); alarm(5); while (currently_testing < ZONES) { msg_eol = "seek failed in check_blocks"; xlseek(DEV, currently_testing * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET); msg_eol = "\n"; try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS; if (currently_testing + try > ZONES) try = ZONES - currently_testing; got = do_check(buffer, try, currently_testing); currently_testing += got; if (got == try) continue; if (currently_testing < FIRSTZONE) bb_error_msg_and_die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs"); mark_zone(currently_testing); badblocks++; currently_testing++; } printf("%d bad block(s)\n", badblocks); } static void get_list_blocks(char *filename) { FILE *listfile; unsigned long blockno; listfile = xfopen(filename, "r"); while (!feof(listfile)) { fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno); mark_zone(blockno); badblocks++; } printf("%d bad block(s)\n", badblocks); } int mkfs_minix_main(int argc, char **argv) { unsigned opt; char *tmp; struct stat statbuf; char *str_i, *str_n; char *listfile = NULL; if (INODE_SIZE * MINIX_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE) bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size"); #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 if (INODE_SIZE2 * MINIX2_INODES_PER_BLOCK != BLOCK_SIZE) bb_error_msg_and_die("bad inode size"); #endif opt = getopt32(argc, argv, "ci:l:n:v", &str_i, &listfile, &str_n); argv += optind; //if (opt & 1) -c if (opt & 2) req_nr_inodes = xatoul(str_i); // -i //if (opt & 4) -l if (opt & 8) { // -n namelen = xatoi_u(str_n); if (namelen == 14) magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC; else if (namelen == 30) magic = MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2; else bb_show_usage(); dirsize = namelen + 2; } if (opt & 0x10) { // -v #if ENABLE_FEATURE_MINIX2 version2 = 1; #else bb_error_msg_and_die("%s: not compiled with minix v2 support", device_name); #endif } device_name = *argv++; if (!device_name) bb_show_usage(); if (*argv) { BLOCKS = xatou32(*argv); if (BLOCKS < 10) bb_show_usage(); } else BLOCKS = get_size(device_name) / 1024; if (version2) { magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2; if (namelen == 14) magic = MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC; } else if (BLOCKS > 65535) BLOCKS = 65535; if (find_mount_point(device_name, NULL)) bb_error_msg_and_die("%s is mounted; refusing to make " "a filesystem", device_name); tmp = root_block; *(short *) tmp = 1; strcpy(tmp + 2, "."); tmp += dirsize; *(short *) tmp = 1; strcpy(tmp + 2, ".."); tmp += dirsize; *(short *) tmp = 2; strcpy(tmp + 2, ".badblocks"); DEV = xopen(device_name, O_RDWR); if (fstat(DEV, &statbuf) < 0) bb_error_msg_and_die("cannot stat %s", device_name); if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) opt &= ~1; // clear -c (check) else if (statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0300 || statbuf.st_rdev == 0x0340) bb_error_msg_and_die("will not try to make filesystem on '%s'", device_name); setup_tables(); if (opt & 1) // -c ? check_blocks(); else if (listfile) get_list_blocks(listfile); if (version2) { make_root_inode2(); make_bad_inode2(); } else { make_root_inode(); make_bad_inode(); } mark_good_blocks(); write_tables(); return 0; }