aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/docs/busybox.pod
blob: 5fd15cab567acfa3ae231c22de29eb2fac24e609 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
# vi: set sw=4 ts=4:

=head1 NAME

BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

=head1 SYNTAX

 BusyBox <function> [arguments...]  # or

 <function> [arguments...]	    # if symlinked

=head1 DESCRIPTION

BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single
small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities
you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, grep, gzip,
tar, etc.  BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small
or embedded system.  The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than
their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide
the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts. 

BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind.
It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or
features) at compile time.  This makes it easy to customize your embedded
systems.  To create a working system, just add a kernel, a shell (such as ash),
and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae).

=head1 USAGE

When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when BusyBox
is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself has been invoked.

For example, entering

	ln -s ./BusyBox ls
	./ls

will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
into BusyBox). 

You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the
command line.  For example, entering

	./BusyBox ls

will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. 

=head1 COMMON OPTIONS

Most BusyBox commands support the B<--help> option to provide a
terse runtime description of their behavior. 

=head1 COMMANDS

Currently defined functions include:

ar, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear, cp, cut, date, dc,
dd, deallocvt, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, du, dumpkmap, dutmp, echo, false,
fbset, fdflush, find, free, freeramdisk, fsck.minix, getopt, grep, gunzip,
gzip, halt, head, hostid, hostname, id, init, insmod, kill, killall, length,
ln, loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, mkdir,
mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nc, nslookup,
ping, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, reboot, renice, reset, rm, rmdir,
rmmod, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sleep, sort, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail,
tar, tee, telnet, test, touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, unix2dos,
unrpm, update, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, wc, which, whoami, yes,
zcat, [

-------------------------------

=over 4

=item ar

Usage: ar [optxvV] archive [filenames]

Extract or list files from an ar archive.

Options:

	o               preserve original dates
	p               extract to stdout
	t               list
	x               extract
	v               verbosely list files processed

-------------------------------

=item basename

Usage: basename FILE [SUFFIX]

Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE.
If specified, also removes any trailing SUFFIX.

Example:

	$ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
	foo
	$ basename /usr/local/bin/
	bin
	$ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt
	bar

-------------------------------

=item cat  

Usage: cat [FILE ...]

Concatenates FILE(s) and prints them to the standard output.

Example:

	$ cat /proc/uptime
	110716.72 17.67

-------------------------------

=item chgrp

Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...

Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.

Options:

	-R	change files and directories recursively

Example:

	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	-r--r--r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
	$ chgrp root /tmp/foo
	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	-r--r--r--    1 andersen root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

=item chmod

Usage: chmod [B<-R>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

Changes file access permissions for the specified FILE(s) (or directories).
Each MODE is defined by combining the letters for WHO has access to the file,
an OPERATOR for selecting how the permissions should be changed, and a
PERMISSION for FILE(s) (or directories).

WHO may be chosen from

	u	User who owns the file
	g	Users in the file's Group
	o	Other users not in the file's group
	a	All users

OPERATOR may be chosen from

	+	Add a permission
	-	Remove a permission
	=	Assign a permission

PERMISSION may be chosen from

	r	Read
	w	Write
	x	Execute (or access for directories)
	s	Set user (or group) ID bit
	t	Sticky bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners)

Alternately, permissions can be set numerically where the first three
numbers are calculated by adding the octal values, such as

	4	Read
	2	Write
	1	Execute

An optional fourth digit can also be used to specify

	4	Set user ID
	2	Set group ID
	1	Sticky bit

Options:

	-R	Change files and directories recursively.

Example:

	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	-rw-rw-r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
	$ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	-rwxrw-r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
	$ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	-r--r--r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

=item chown

Usage: chown [OPTION]...  OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP] FILE...

Changes the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.

Options:

	-R	Changes files and directories recursively

Example:

	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	-r--r--r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
	$ chown root /tmp/foo
	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	-r--r--r--    1 root     andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
	$ chown root.root /tmp/foo
	ls -l /tmp/foo
	-r--r--r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

=item chroot

Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]

Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.

Example:

	$ ls -l /bin/ls
	lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root          12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox
	$ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
	$ chroot /mnt
	$ ls -l /bin/ls
	-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        40816 Feb  5 07:45 /bin/ls*

-------------------------------

=item chvt

Usage: chvt N

Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

-------------------------------

=item clear

Clears the screen.

-------------------------------

=item cp

Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST

   or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY

Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

Options:

        -a      Same as -dpR
        -d      Preserves links
        -p      Preserves file attributes if possible
        -R      Copies directories recursively

-------------------------------

=item cut

Usage: cut [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.

Options:

		-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
		-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
		-d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
		-s      Output only the lines containing delimiter
		-f N    Print only these fields
		-n      Ignored

Example:

	$ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' '
	Hello
	$ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' '
	world


-------------------------------

=item date

Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]

  or:  date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date.

Options:

        -R      Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string
        -s      Sets time described by STRING
        -u      Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time

Example:

	$ date
	Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000

-------------------------------

=item dc

Usage: dc expression ...

This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the
following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor.
If no arguments are given, dc will process input from STDIN.

The behaviour of BusyBox/dc deviates (just a little ;-) from
GNU/dc, but this will be remedied in the future.

Example:

	$ dc 2 2 +
	4
	$ dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /
	16
	$ dc 0 1 and
	0
	$ dc 0 1 or
	1
	$ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc
	64

-------------------------------

=item dd

Usage: dd [if=name] [of=name] [bs=n] [count=n] [skip=n] [seek=n]

Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options

	if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
	of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
	bs=n    read and write n bytes at a time
	count=n copy only n input blocks
	skip=n  skip n input blocks
	seek=n  skip n output blocks

Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512), or M (x1024^2)

Example:

	$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
	4+0 records in
	4+0 records out

-------------------------------

=item deallocvt

Usage: deallocvt N

Deallocates unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN

-------------------------------

=item df

Usage: df [filesystem ...]

Prints the filesystem space used and space available.

Example:

	$ df
	Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
	/dev/sda3              8690864   8553540    137324  98% /
	/dev/sda1                64216     36364     27852  57% /boot
	$ df /dev/sda3
	Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
	/dev/sda3              8690864   8553540    137324  98% /

-------------------------------

=item dirname

Usage: dirname NAME

Strip non-directory suffix from file name

Example:

	$ dirname /tmp/foo
	/tmp
	$ dirname /tmp/foo/
	/tmp

-------------------------------

=item dmesg

Usage: dmesg [B<-c>] [B<-n> level] [B<-s> bufsize]

Print or controls the kernel ring buffer.

-------------------------------

=item dos2unix

Usage: dos2unix < dosfile > unixfile

Converts a text file from dos format to unix format.

-------------------------------

=item du

Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory.
Disk space is printed in units of 1k (i.e. 1024 bytes).

Options:

	-l      count sizes many times if hard linked
	-s      display only a total for each argument

Example:

	$ ./BusyBox du
	16      ./CVS
	12      ./kernel-patches/CVS
	80      ./kernel-patches
	12      ./tests/CVS
	36      ./tests
	12      ./scripts/CVS
	16      ./scripts
	12      ./docs/CVS
	104     ./docs
	2417    .

-------------------------------

=item dumpkmap

Usage: dumpkmap

Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard input.

Example:

	$ dumpkmap > keymap

-------------------------------

=item dutmp

Usage: dutmp [FILE]

Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE
or stdin to stdout.

Example:

	$ dutmp /var/run/utmp
	8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
	2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
	1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
	8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
	6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
	6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
	7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0

-------------------------------

=item echo

Usage: echo [-neE] [ARG ...]

Prints the specified ARGs to stdout

Options:

	-n      suppress trailing newline
	-e      interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
	-E      disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters

Example:

	$ echo "Erik is cool"
	Erik is cool
	$  echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
	Erik
	is
	cool
	$ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
	Erik\nis\ncool

-------------------------------

=item echo


Usage: expr EXPRESSION

Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.

EXPRESSION may be:

	ARG1 |  ARG2    ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
	ARG1 &  ARG2    ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
	ARG1 <  ARG2    ARG1 is less than ARG2
	ARG1 <= ARG2    ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
	ARG1 =  ARG2    ARG1 is equal to ARG2
	ARG1 != ARG2    ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
	ARG1 >= ARG2    ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
	ARG1 >  ARG2    ARG1 is greater than ARG2
	ARG1 +  ARG2    arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
	ARG1 -  ARG2    arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
	ARG1 *  ARG2    arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
	ARG1 /  ARG2    arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
	ARG1 %  ARG2    arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
	STRING : REGEXP             anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
	match STRING REGEXP         same as STRING : REGEXP
	substr STRING POS LENGTH    substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
	index STRING CHARS          index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
	length STRING               length of STRING
	quote TOKEN                 interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
									keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
	( EXPRESSION )              value of EXPRESSION

Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
lexicographical.  Pattern matches return the string matched between
\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
of characters matched or 0.

-------------------------------

=item false

Returns an exit code of FALSE (1)

Example:

	$ false
	$ echo $?
	1

-------------------------------

=item fbset

Usage: fbset [options] [mode]

Show and modify frame buffer device settings

Options:

	-h
	-fb
	-db
	-a
	-i
	-g
	-t
	-accel
	-hsync
	-vsync
	-laced
	-double

Example:

	$ fbset
	mode "1024x768-76"
			# D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
			geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
			timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
			accel false
			rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
	endmode

-------------------------------

=item fdflush

Usage: fdflush device

Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change

-------------------------------

=item find

Usage: find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]

Search for files in a directory hierarchy.  The default PATH is
the current directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print'


EXPRESSION may consist of:

	-follow			Dereference symbolic links.
	-name PATTERN	File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
	-print			print the full file name followed by a newline to stdout.

Example:

	$ find / -name /etc/passwd
	/etc/passwd

-------------------------------

=item free

Usage: free

Displays the amount of free and used system memory.

Example:

	$ free
				  total         used         free       shared      buffers
	  Mem:       257628       248724         8904        59644        93124
	 Swap:       128516         8404       120112
	Total:       386144       257128       129016

-------------------------------

=item freeramdisk

Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE

Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk.

Example:

	$ freeramdisk /dev/ram2

-------------------------------

=item fsck.minix

Usage: fsck.minix [B<-larvsmf>] /dev/name

Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.

Options:

	-l      Lists all filenames
	-r      Perform interactive repairs
	-a      Perform automatic repairs
	-v      verbose
	-s      Outputs super-block information
	-m      Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
	-f      Force file system check.

-------------------------------

=item getopt

Usage: getopt [OPTIONS]...

Parse command options

Options:

       -a, --alternative            Allow long options starting with single -\n"
       -l, --longoptions=longopts   Long options to be recognized\n"
       -n, --name=progname          The name under which errors are reported\n"
       -o, --options=optstring      Short options to be recognized\n"
       -q, --quiet                  Disable error reporting by getopt(3)\n"
       -Q, --quiet-output           No normal output\n"
       -s, --shell=shell            Set shell quoting conventions\n"
       -T, --test                   Test for getopt(1) version\n"
       -u, --unqote                 Do not quote the output\n"

Example:

        $ cat getopt.test
        #!/bin/sh
        GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
                -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"`
        if [ $? != 0 ] ; then  exit 1 ; fi
        eval set -- "$GETOPT"
        while true ; do
          case $1 in
            -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
            -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
            -c|--c-long)
              case "$2" in
                "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
                *)  echo "Option c, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
              esac ;;
            --) shift ; break ;;
            *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
          esac
        done


-------------------------------

=item grep

Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]...

Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.

Options:

	-h      suppress the prefixing filename on output
	-i      ignore case distinctions
	-n      print line number with output lines
	-q      be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
	-v      select non-matching lines

This version of grep matches full regular expressions.

Example:

	$ grep root /etc/passwd
	root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
	$ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
	root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

-------------------------------

=item gunzip

Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE

Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').

Options:

        -c      Write output to standard output
        -t      Test compressed file integrity

Example:

	$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
	-rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen   557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
	$ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
	$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
	-rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen  1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar

-------------------------------

=item gzip

Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE

Compress FILE with maximum compression.
When FILE is '-', reads standard input.  Implies B<-c>.

Options:

        -c      Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz

Example:

	$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
	-rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen  1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
	$ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
	$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
	-rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen   554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz


-------------------------------

=item halt

Usage: halt

This command halts the system.

-------------------------------

=item head

Usage: head [OPTION] [FILE]...

Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Options:

	-n NUM          Print first NUM lines instead of first 10

Example:

	$ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
	root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
	daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh

-------------------------------

=item hostid

Usage: hostid

Prints out a unique  32-bit  identifier  for  the  current
machine.   The  32-bit identifier is intended to be unique
among all UNIX systems in existence. 

-------------------------------

=item hostname

Usage: hostname [OPTION] {hostname | B<-F> file}

Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given
(or a file with the B<-F> parameter), the host name will be set.

Options:

	-s              Short
	-i              Addresses for the hostname
	-d              DNS domain name
	-F FILE         Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname

Example:

	$ hostname
	slag 

-------------------------------

=item id

Print information for USERNAME or the current user

Options:

        -g      prints only the group ID
        -u      prints only the user ID
        -r      prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)

Example:

	$ id
	uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)

-------------------------------

=item init

Usage: init

Init is the parent of all processes.

This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel.

BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels.  The runlevels field of
the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want 
runlevels, use sysvinit.

BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab.  If no inittab is found, 
it has the following default behavior:

	::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
	::askfirst:/bin/sh

if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also run:

	tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh

If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as follows:

	<id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>

	<id>: 

		WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
		The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
		the specified process to run on.  The contents of this field are
		appended to "/dev/" and used as-is.  There is no need for this field to
		be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results.  If this
		field is left blank, it is completely ignored.  Also note that if
		BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then all entries
		containing non-empty id fields will _not_ be run.  BusyBox init does
		nothing with utmp.  We don't need no stinkin' utmp.

	<runlevels>: 

		The runlevels field is completely ignored.

	<action>: 

		Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, 
		once, and ctrlaltdel.

		askfirst acts just like respawn, but before running the specified
		process it displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this
		console." and then waits for the user to press enter before starting
		the specified process.

		Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit
		an error message, and then go along with its business.

	<process>: 

		Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.


Example /etc/inittab file:

	# This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
	#
	::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

	# /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
	#
	# Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
	::askfirst:-/bin/sh
	# Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4
	tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
	tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh
	tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh

	# /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
	#
	tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
	tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6


	# Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
	#
	#ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
	#ttyS1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
	#
	# Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
	#ttyS2::respawn:/sbin/getty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS2

	# Stuff to do before rebooting
	::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r
	::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff -a

-------------------------------

=item insmod

Usage: insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]...

Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel.

Options:

		-f      Force module to load into the wrong kernel version.
		-k      Make module autoclean-able.
		-v      verbose output
		-x      do not export externs

-------------------------------

=item kill

Usage: kill [B<-signal>] process-id [process-id ...]

Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).

Options:

	-l      List all signal names and numbers.

Example:

	$ ps | grep apache
	252 root     root     S [apache]
	263 www-data www-data S [apache]
	264 www-data www-data S [apache]
	265 www-data www-data S [apache]
	266 www-data www-data S [apache]
	267 www-data www-data S [apache]
	$ kill 252

-------------------------------

=item killall

Usage: killall [B<-signal>] process-name [process-name ...]

Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).

Options:

        -l      List all signal names and numbers.

Example:

	$ killall apache

-------------------------------

=item length

Usage: length STRING

Prints out the length of the specified STRING.

Example:

	$ length "Hello"
	5

-------------------------------

=item ln

Usage: ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY

Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET
You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.

Options:

	-s	make symbolic links instead of hard links
	-f	remove existing destination files

Example:

    $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
    $ ls -l /tmp/ls
    lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*

-------------------------------

=item loadacm

Usage: loadacm

Loads an acm from standard input.

Example:

	$ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname

-------------------------------

=item loadfont

Usage: loadfont

Loads a console font from standard input.

Example:

	$ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname

-------------------------------

=item loadkmap

Usage: loadkmap

Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input.

Example:

	$ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap

-------------------------------

=item logger

Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]

Write MESSAGE to the system log.  If MESSAGE is '-', log stdin.

Options:

        -s      Log to stderr as well as the system log.
        -t      Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
        -p      Enter the message with the specified priority.
                This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.

Example:

		$ logger "hello"

-------------------------------

=item logname

Usage: logname

Print the name of the current user.

Example:

	$ logname
	root

-------------------------------

=item ls

Usage: ls [B<-1acdelnpuxACFR>] [filenames...]

Options:

	-a	do not hide entries starting with .
	-c	with  -l:  show ctime (the time of last
		modification of file status information)
	-d	list directory entries instead of contents
	-e	list both full date and full time
	-l	use a long listing format
	-n	list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
	-p	append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
	-u	with -l: show access time (the time of last
		access of the file)
	-x	list entries by lines instead of by columns
	-A	do not list implied . and ..
	-C	list entries by columns
	-F	append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
	-R  list subdirectories recursively

-------------------------------

=item lsmod

Usage: lsmod

Shows a list of all currently loaded kernel modules.

-------------------------------

=item makedevs

Usage: makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]

Creates a range of block or character special files

TYPEs include:

        b:      Make a block (buffered) device.
        c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
        p:      Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device.
LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created.
If 's' is the last argument, the base device is created as well.

Example:

	$ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
	[creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
	$ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
	[creates hda,hda1-hda8]

-------------------------------

=item md5sum

Usage: md5sum [OPTION] [file ...]

Print or check MD5 checksums.

Options:

	-b       read files in binary mode
	-c       check MD5 sums against given list
	-t       read files in text mode (default)
	-g       read a string

The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums:

	-s       don't output anything, status code shows success
	-w       warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines

Example:

	$ md5sum busybox
	6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003  busybox
	$ md5sum -c -
	6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003  busybox
	busybox: OK
	^D

-------------------------------

=item mkdir

Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...

Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist

Options:

	-m      set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
	-p      no error if directory exists, make parent directories as needed

Example:

	$ mkdir /tmp/foo
	$ mkdir /tmp/foo
	/tmp/foo: File exists
	$ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
	/tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
	$ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz

-------------------------------

=item mkfifo

Usage: mkfifo [OPTIONS] name

Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')

Options:

        -m      create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)

-------------------------------

=item mkfs.minix

Usage: mkfs.minix [B<-c> | B<-l> filename] [B<-nXX>] [B<-iXX>] /dev/name [blocks]

Make a MINIX filesystem.

Options:

	-c              Check the device for bad blocks
	-n [14|30]      Specify the maximum length of filenames
	-i              Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
	-l FILENAME     Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
	-v              Make a Minix version 2 filesystem

-------------------------------

=item mknod

Usage: mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR

Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).

Options:

        -m      create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)

TYPEs include:
        b:      Make a block (buffered) device.
        c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
        p:      Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

Example:

	$ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0 
	$ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p

-------------------------------

=item mkswap

Usage: mkswap [B<-c>] [B<-v0>|B<-v1>] device [block-count]

Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.

Options:

	-c              Check for read-ability.
	-v0             Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
	-v1             Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
	block-count     Number of block to use (default is entire partition).

-------------------------------

=item mktemp

Usage: mktemp [B<-q>] TEMPLATE

Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE.
TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX).

Example:

	$ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
	/tmp/temp.mWiLjM
	$ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
	-rw-------    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM

-------------------------------

=item more

Usage: more [file ...]

More is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time.

Example:

	$ dmesg | more

-------------------------------

=item mount

Usage:  mount [flags]
        mount [flags] device directory [B<-o> options,more-options]

Flags:

	-a:             Mount all file systems in fstab.
	-o option:      One of many filesystem options, listed below.
	-r:             Mount the filesystem read-only.
	-t fs-type:     Specify the filesystem type.
	-w:             Mount for reading and writing (default).

Options for use with the "B<-o>" flag:

	async/sync:     Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
	atime/noatime:  Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
	dev/nodev:      Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
	exec/noexec:    Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
	loop:           Mounts a file via loop device.
	suid/nosuid:    Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
	remount:        Re-mount a currently-mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
	ro/rw:          Mount for read-only / read-write.
	There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
	You'll have to see the written documentation for those.

Example:

	$ mount
	/dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
	proc on /proc type proc (rw)
	devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
	$ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
	$ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop

-------------------------------

=item mt

Usage: mt [B<-f> device] opcode value

Control magnetic tape drive operation

-------------------------------

=item mv

Usage: mv SOURCE DEST

   or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY

Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

Example:

	$ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar

-------------------------------

=item nc

Usage: nc [IP] [port]

Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port

Example:

	$ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
	220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
	help
	214-Commands supported:
	214-    HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
	214     NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
	quit
	221 foobar closing connection

-------------------------------

=item nslookup

Usage: nslookup [HOST]

Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST

Example:

	$ nslookup localhost
	Server:     default
	Address:    default

	Name:       debian
	Address:    127.0.0.1

-------------------------------

=item ping

Usage: ping [OPTION]... host

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.

Options:

	-c COUNT        Send only COUNT pings.
	-s SIZE		Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56).
	-q              Quiet mode, only displays output at start
                        and when finished.
Example:

	$ ping localhost
	PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
	64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms

	--- debian ping statistics ---
	1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
	round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms

-------------------------------

=item poweroff

Shuts down the system, and requests that the kernel turn off power upon halting.

-------------------------------

=item printf

Usage: printf format [argument...]

Formats and prints the given data in a manner similar to the C printf command.

Example:

	$ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
	Val=5

-------------------------------

=item ps

Usage: ps

Report process status

This version of ps accepts no options.

Example:

	$ ps
  PID  Uid      Gid State Command
    1 root     root     S init
    2 root     root     S [kflushd]
    3 root     root     S [kupdate]
    4 root     root     S [kpiod]
    5 root     root     S [kswapd]
  742 andersen andersen S [bash]
  743 andersen andersen S -bash
  745 root     root     S [getty]
 2990 andersen andersen R ps

-------------------------------

=item pwd

Prints the full filename of the current working directory.

Example:

	$ pwd
	/root

-------------------------------

=item rdate

Usage: rdate [OPTION] HOST

Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST.

Options:

	-s      Set the system date and time (default).
	-p      Print the date and time.

-------------------------------

=item reboot

Instructs the kernel to reboot the system.

-------------------------------

=item renice

Usage: renice priority pid [pid ...]

Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range
from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0
(default priority) to -20 (almost nothing else ever gets to run).

-------------------------------

=item reset

Usage: reset

Resets the screen.

-------------------------------

=item rm

Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...

Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).  You may use '--' to 
indicate that all following arguments are non-options.

Options:

        -f              remove existing destinations, never prompt
        -r or -R        remove the contents of directories recursively

Example:

	$ rm -rf /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

=item rmdir

Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...

Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.

Example:

	# rmdir /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

=item rmmod

Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...

Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.

Options:

        -a      Try to remove all unused kernel modules.

Example:

	$ rmmod tulip

-------------------------------

=item sed

Usage: sed [B<-n>] B<-e> script [file...]

Allowed sed scripts come in the following form:

	'ADDR [!] COMMAND'

	where address ADDR can be:
	  NUMBER    Match specified line number
	  $         Match last line
	  /REGEXP/  Match specified regexp
	  (! inverts the meaning of the match)

	and COMMAND can be:
	  s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
		 which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
		 and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.

	  aTEXT
		 which appends TEXT after the pattern space

Options:

	-e      add the script to the commands to be executed
	-n      suppress automatic printing of pattern space

This version of sed matches full regular expressions.

Example:

	$ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
	bar

-------------------------------

=item setkeycodes

Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...

Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.

SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal),
and KEYCODE is given in decimal

Example:

	# setkeycodes e030 127

-------------------------------

=item sh

Usage: sh

lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)

This command does not yet have proper documentation.  

Use lash just as you would use any other shell.  It properly handles pipes,
redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh), and
has a sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed.  It does not (yet)
support Bourne Shell syntax.  If you need things like "if-then-else", "while",
and such, use ash or bash.  If you just need a very simple and extremely small
shell, this will do the job.

-------------------------------

=item sleep

Usage: sleep N

Pause for N seconds.

Example:

	$ sleep 2
	[2 second delay results]

-------------------------------

=item sort

Usage: sort [B<-n>] [B<-r>] [FILE]...

Sorts lines of text in the specified files

Example:

	$ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
	a
	b
	c
	d
	e
	f

-------------------------------

=item swapoff

Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [device]

Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.

Options:

        -a      Stop swapping on all swap devices

-------------------------------

=item swapon

Usage: swapon [OPTION] [device]

Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.

Options:

        -a      Start swapping on all swap devices

-------------------------------

=item sync

Usage: sync

Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.

-------------------------------

=item syslogd

Usage: syslogd [OPTION]...

Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging utility.
Note that this version of syslogd/klogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.

Options:

	-m NUM		Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
	-n		Run as a foreground process
	-K		Do not start up the klogd process
	-O FILE		Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
	-R HOST[:PORT]  Log messages to HOST on PORT (default=514) over UDP.

Example:

	$ syslogd -R masterlog:514
	$ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601

-------------------------------

=item tail

Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]...

Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Options:

        -n NUM          Print last NUM lines instead of first 10
        -f              Output data as the file grows.  This version
                        of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.

Example:

	$ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
	nameserver 10.0.0.1

-------------------------------

=item tar

Usage: tar -[cxtvO] [B<--exclude> File] [B<-f> tarFile] [FILE] ...

Create, extract, or list files from a tar file.  Note that
this version of tar treats hard links as separate files.

Main operation mode:

        c               create
        x               extract
        t               list

File selection:

        f               name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
        O               extract to stdout
        exclude         file to exclude

Informative output:

        v               verbosely list files processed

Example:

	$ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
	$ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local

-------------------------------

=item tee

Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.

Options:

        -a      append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite

Example:

	$ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
	$ cat /tmp/foo
	Hello

-------------------------------

=item telnet

Usage: telnet host [port]

Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another
computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.

-------------------------------

=item test, [

Usage: test EXPRESSION
or   [ EXPRESSION ]

Checks file types and compares values returning an exit
code determined by the value of EXPRESSION.

Example:

	$ test 1 -eq 2
	$ echo $?
	1
	$ test 1 -eq 1
	$ echo $?
	0
	$ [ -d /etc ]
	$ echo $?
	0
	$ [ -d /junk ]
	$ echo $?
	1

-------------------------------

=item touch

Usage: touch [B<-c>] file [file ...]

Update the last-modified date on (or create) the selected file[s].

Example:

	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	/bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
	$ touch /tmp/foo
	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
	-rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

=item tr

Usage: tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from
standard input, writing to standard output.

Options:

	-c      take complement of STRING1
	-d      delete input characters coded STRING1
	-s      squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

Example:

	$ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
	hello world

-------------------------------

=item true

Returns an exit code of TRUE (0)

Example:

	$ true
	$ echo $?
	0

-------------------------------

=item tty

Usage: tty

Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.

Options:

        -s      print nothing, only return an exit status

Example:

	$ tty
	/dev/tty2

-------------------------------

=item umount

Usage: umount [flags] filesystem|directory

Flags:

		-a:     Unmount all file systems
		-r:     Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
		-f:     Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
		-l:     Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)

Example:

	$ umount /dev/hdc1 

-------------------------------

=item uname

Usage: uname [OPTION]...

Print certain system information.  With no OPTION, same as B<-s>.

Options:

        -a      print all information
        -m      the machine (hardware) type
        -n      print the machine's network node hostname
        -r      print the operating system release
        -s      print the operating system name
        -p      print the host processor type
        -v      print the operating system version

Example:

	$ uname -a
	Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown

-------------------------------

=item uniq

Usage: uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT
(or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).

Example:

	$ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
	a
	b
	c

-------------------------------

=item unix2dos

Usage: unix2dos < unixfile > dosfile

Converts a text file from unix format to dos format.

-------------------------------

=item unrpm

Usage: unrpm < package.rpm | gzip -d | cpio -idmuv

Extracts an rpm archive.

-------------------------------

=item update

Usage: update [options]

Periodically flushes filesystem buffers.

Options:

        -S      force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
        -s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
        -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)

-------------------------------

=item uptime

Usage: uptime

Tells how long the system has been running since boot.

Example:

	$ uptime
	  1:55pm  up  2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00

-------------------------------

=item usleep

Usage: usleep N

Pauses for N microseconds.

Example:

	$ usleep 1000000
	[pauses for 1 second]

-------------------------------

=item uuencode

Usage: uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE

Uuencode a file.

Options:

	-m      use base64 encoding as of RFC1521

Example:

	$ uuencode busybox busybox
	begin 755 busybox
	M?T5,1@$!`0````````````(``P`!````L+@$"#0```!0N@,``````#0`(``&
	.....
	$ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu
	$

-------------------------------

=item uudecode

Usage: uudecode [OPTION] [FILE]

Uudecode a uuencoded file

Options:

	-o FILE  direct output to FILE

Example:

	$ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
	$ ls -l busybox
	-rwxr-xr-x   1 ams      ams        245264 Jun  7 21:35 busybox

-------------------------------

=item wc

Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if
more than one FILE is specified.  With no FILE, read standard input.

Options:

        -c      print the byte counts
        -l      print the newline counts
        -L      print the length of the longest line
        -w      print the word counts

Example:

	$ wc /etc/passwd
	     31      46    1365 /etc/passwd

-------------------------------

=item which

Usage: which [COMMAND ...]

Locates a COMMAND.

Example:

	$ which login
	/bin/login

-------------------------------

=item whoami

Usage: whoami

Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id.

Example:

	$ whoami
	andersen

-------------------------------

=item yes

Usage: yes [OPTION]... [STRING]...

Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.

-------------------------------

=item zcat

This is essentially an alias for invoking "gunzip B<-c>", where 
it decompresses the file in question and send the output to stdout. 

-------------------------------

=back

=head1 LIBC NSS

GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C
library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data,
such as passwords and group information.  BusyBox has made it Policy that it
will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that make use of NSS.
This allows you to run an embedded system without the need for installing an
/etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_* libraries installed.

If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for authentication
via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will need to adjust the
BusyBox source.  Chances are though, that if you have enough space to install
of that stuff on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities.

=head1 SEE ALSO

textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc...

=head1 MAINTAINER

Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com>

=head1 AUTHORS

The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether
they know it or not.

Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>

=for html <br>

John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>

=for html <br>

Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

=for html <br>

Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

=for html <br>

Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>	

=for html <br>

Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

=for html <br>

John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>	

=for html <br>

Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>

=for html <br>

Bruce Perens <bruce@perens.com>

=for html <br>

Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>

=for html <br>

Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

=for html <br>

Mark Whitley <markw@lineo.com>

=for html <br>

Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

=for html <br>

Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

=for html <br>

=cut

# $Id: busybox.pod,v 1.69 2000/09/20 19:22:26 andersen Exp $