aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/toys/posix/ps.c
blob: a1e1981a91d63842ac24eaee6e75ba8118b24b50 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
/* ps.c - show process list
 *
 * Copyright 2015 Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
 *
 * See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/ps.html
 * And http://kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt Table 1-4
 * And linux kernel source fs/proc/array.c function do_task_stat()
 *
 * Deviations from posix: no -n because /proc/self/wchan exists; we use -n to
 * mean "show numeric users and groups" instead.
 * Posix says default output should have field named "TTY" but if you "-o tty"
 * the same field should be called "TT" which is _INSANE_ and I'm not doing it.
 * Similarly -f outputs USER but calls it UID (we call it USER).
 * It also says that -o "args" and "comm" should behave differently but use
 * the same title, which is not the same title as the default output. (No.)
 * Select by session id is -s not -g.
 *
 * Posix defines -o ADDR as "The address of the process" but the process
 * start address is a constant on any elf system with mmu. The procps ADDR
 * field always prints "-" with an alignment of 1, which is why it has 11
 * characters left for "cmd" in in 80 column "ps -l" mode. On x86-64 you
 * need 12 chars, leaving nothing for cmd: I.E. posix 2008 ps -l mode can't
 * be sanely implemented on 64 bit Linux systems. In procps there's ps -y
 * which changes -l by removing the "F" column and swapping RSS for ADDR,
 * leaving 9 chars for cmd, so we're using that as our -l output.
 *
 * Added a bunch of new -o fields posix doesn't mention, and we don't
 * label "ps -o command,args,comm" as "COMMAND COMMAND COMMAND". We don't
 * output argv[0] unmodified for -o comm or -o args (but procps violates
 * posix for -o comm anyway, it's stat[2] not argv[0]).
 *
 * Note: iotop is STAYROOT so it can read other process's /proc/$PID/io
 *       files (why they're not globally readable when the rest of proc
 *       data is...?) and get a global I/O picture. Normal top is NOT,
 *       even though you can -o AIO there, to give sysadmins the option
 *       to reduce security exposure.)
 *
 * TODO: ps aux (att & bsd style "ps -ax" vs "ps ax" behavior difference)
 * TODO: switch -fl to -y
 * TODO: thread support /proc/$d/task/%d/stat (and -o stat has "l")
 * TODO: iotop: Window size change: respond immediately. Why not padding
 *       at right edge? (Not adjusting to screen size at all? Header wraps?)
 * TODO: top: thread support and SMP
 * TODO: pgrep -f only searches the amount of cmdline that fits in toybuf.

USE_PS(NEWTOY(ps, "k(sort)*P(ppid)*aAdeflMno*O*p(pid)*s*t*u*U*g*G*wZ[!ol][+Ae]", TOYFLAG_USR|TOYFLAG_BIN|TOYFLAG_LOCALE))
// stayroot because iotop needs root to read other process' proc/$$/io
USE_TOP(NEWTOY(top, ">0m" "k*o*p*u*s#<1=9d#=3<1n#<1bq", TOYFLAG_USR|TOYFLAG_BIN|TOYFLAG_LOCALE))
USE_IOTOP(NEWTOY(iotop, ">0AaKO" "k*o*p*u*s#<1=7d#=3<1n#<1bq", TOYFLAG_USR|TOYFLAG_BIN|TOYFLAG_STAYROOT|TOYFLAG_LOCALE))
USE_PGREP(NEWTOY(pgrep, "?cld:u*U*t*s*P*g*G*fnovxL:[-no]", TOYFLAG_USR|TOYFLAG_BIN))
USE_PKILL(NEWTOY(pkill,     "Vu*U*t*s*P*g*G*fnovxl:[-no]", TOYFLAG_USR|TOYFLAG_BIN))

config PS
  bool "ps"
  default y
  help
    usage: ps [-AadeflnwZ] [-gG GROUP,] [-k FIELD,] [-o FIELD,] [-p PID,] [-t TTY,] [-uU USER,]

    List processes.

    Which processes to show (selections may be comma separated lists):

    -A	All processes
    -a	Processes with terminals that aren't session leaders
    -d	All processes that aren't session leaders
    -e	Same as -A
    -g	Belonging to GROUPs
    -G	Belonging to real GROUPs (before sgid)
    -p	PIDs (--pid)
    -P	Parent PIDs (--ppid)
    -s	In session IDs
    -t	Attached to selected TTYs
    -u	Owned by USERs
    -U	Owned by real USERs (before suid)

    Output modifiers:

    -k	Sort FIELDs in +increasing or -decreasting order (--sort)
    -M	Measure field widths (expanding as necessary)
    -n	Show numeric USER and GROUP
    -w	Wide output (don't truncate at terminal width)

    Which FIELDs to show. (Default = -o PID,TTY,TIME,CMD)

    -f	Full listing (-o USER:8=UID,PID,PPID,C,STIME,TTY,TIME,CMD)
    -l	Long listing (-o F,S,UID,PID,PPID,C,PRI,NI,ADDR,SZ,WCHAN,TTY,TIME,CMD)
    -o	Output FIELDs instead of defaults, each with optional :size and =title
    -O  Add FIELDS to defaults
    -Z	Include LABEL

    Available -o FIELDs:

      ADDR  Instruction pointer               ARGS    Command line (argv[] -path)
      CMD   COMM without -f, ARGS with -f     CMDLINE Command line (argv[])
      COMM  Original command name             COMMAND Original command path
      CPU   Which processor running on        ETIME   Elapsed time since PID start
      F     Flags (1=FORKNOEXEC 4=SUPERPRIV)  GID     Group id
      GROUP Group name                        LABEL   Security label
      MAJFL Major page faults                 MINFL   Minor page faults
      NAME  Command name (argv[0])            NI      Niceness (lower is faster)
      PCPU  Percentage of CPU time used       PGID    Process Group ID
      PID   Process ID                        PPID    Parent Process ID
      PRI   Priority (higher is faster)       PSR     Processor last executed on
      RGID  Real (before sgid) group ID       RGROUP  Real (before sgid) group name
      RSS   Resident Set Size (pages in use)  RTPRIO  Realtime priority
      RUID  Real (before suid) user ID        RUSER   Real (before suid) user name
      S     Process state:
            R (running) S (sleeping) D (device I/O) T (stopped)  t (traced)
            Z (zombie)  X (deader)   x (dead)       K (wakekill) W (waking)
      SCHED Scheduling policy (0=other, 1=fifo, 2=rr, 3=batch, 4=iso, 5=idle)
      STAT  Process state (S) plus:
            < high priority          N low priority L locked memory
            s session leader         + foreground   l multithreaded
      STIME Start time of process in hh:mm (size :19 shows yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss)
      SZ    Memory Size (4k pages needed to completely swap out process)
      TIME  CPU time consumed                 TTY     Controlling terminal
      UID   User id                           USER    User name
      VSZ   Virtual memory size (1k units)    %VSZ    VSZ as % of physical memory
      WCHAN Waiting in kernel for

config TOP
  bool "top"
  default y
  help
    usage: top [-m] [ -d seconds ] [ -n iterations ]

    Show process activity in real time.

    -k	Fallback sort FIELDS (default -S,-%CPU,-ETIME,-PID)
    -o	Show FIELDS (def PID,USER,PR,NI,VIRT,RES,SHR,S,%CPU,%MEM,TIME+,CMDLINE)
    -s	Sort by field number (1-X, default 9)

# Requires CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING in the kernel for /proc/$$/io
config IOTOP
  bool "iotop"
  default y
  help
    usage: iotop [-AaKO]

    Rank processes by I/O.

    -A	All I/O, not just disk
    -a	Accumulated I/O (not percentage)
    -K	Kilobytes
    -k	Fallback sort FIELDS (default -[D]IO,-ETIME,-PID)
    -O	Only show processes doing I/O
    -o	Show FIELDS (default PID,PR,USER,[D]READ,[D]WRITE,SWAP,[D]IO,COMM)
    -s	Sort by field number (0-X, default 6)

config TOP_COMMON
  bool
  default y
  help
    usage: COMMON [-bq] [-n NUMBER] [-d SECONDS] [-p PID,] [-u USER,] [-s SORT]

    -b	Batch mode (no tty)
    -d	Delay SECONDS between each cycle (default 3)
    -n	Exit after NUMBER iterations
    -p	Show these PIDs
    -u	Show these USERs
    -q	Quiet (no header lines)

    Cursor LEFT/RIGHT to change sort, UP/DOWN move list, space to force
    update, R to reverse sort, Q to exit.

config PGREP
  bool "pgrep"
  default y
  depends on PGKILL_COMMON
  help
    usage: pgrep [-cL] [-d DELIM] [-L SIGNAL] [PATTERN]

    Search for process(es). PATTERN is an extended regular expression checked
    against command names.

    -c	Show only count of matches
    -d	Use DELIM instead of newline
    -L	Send SIGNAL instead of printing name
    -l	Show command name

config PGKILL_COMMON
  bool
  default y
  help
    usage: pgrep [-fnovx] [-G GID,] [-g PGRP,] [-P PPID,] [-s SID,] [-t TERM,] [-U UID,] [-u EUID,]

    -f	Check full command line for PATTERN
    -G	Match real Group ID(s)
    -g	Match Process Group(s) (0 is current user)
    -n	Newest match only
    -o	Oldest match only
    -P	Match Parent Process ID(s)
    -s	Match Session ID(s) (0 for current)
    -t	Match Terminal(s)
    -U	Match real User ID(s)
    -u	Match effective User ID(s)
    -v	Negate the match
    -x	Match whole command (not substring)

config PKILL
  bool "pkill"
  default y
  help
    usage: pkill [-l SIGNAL] [PATTERN]

    -l	SIGNAL to send
    -V	verbose
*/

#define FOR_ps
#include "toys.h"

GLOBALS(
  union {
    struct {
      struct arg_list *G;
      struct arg_list *g;
      struct arg_list *U;
      struct arg_list *u;
      struct arg_list *t;
      struct arg_list *s;
      struct arg_list *p;
      struct arg_list *O;
      struct arg_list *o;
      struct arg_list *P;
      struct arg_list *k;
    } ps;
    struct {
      long n;
      long d;
      long s;
      struct arg_list *u;
      struct arg_list *p;
      struct arg_list *o;
      struct arg_list *k;
    } top;
    struct{
      char *L;
      struct arg_list *G;
      struct arg_list *g;
      struct arg_list *P;
      struct arg_list *s;
      struct arg_list *t;
      struct arg_list *U;
      struct arg_list *u;
      char *d;

      void *regexes, *snapshot;
      int signal;
      pid_t self, match;
    } pgrep;
  };

  struct sysinfo si;
  struct ptr_len gg, GG, pp, PP, ss, tt, uu, UU;
  unsigned width, height;
  dev_t tty;
  void *fields, *kfields;
  long long ticks, bits, time;
  int kcount, forcek, sortpos;
  int (*match_process)(long long *slot);
  void (*show_process)(void *tb);
)

struct strawberry {
  struct strawberry *next, *prev;
  short which, len, reverse;
  char *title;
  char forever[];
};

/* The slot[] array is mostly populated from /proc/$PID/stat (kernel proc.txt
 * table 1-4) but we shift and repurpose fields, with the result being: */

enum {
 SLOT_pid,      /*process id*/            SLOT_ppid,      // parent process id
 SLOT_pgrp,     /*process group*/         SLOT_sid,       // session id
 SLOT_ttynr,    /*tty the process uses*/  SLOT_ttypgrp,   // pgrp of the tty
 SLOT_flags,    /*task flags*/            SLOT_minflt,    // minor faults
 SLOT_cminflt,  /*minor faults+child*/    SLOT_majflt,    // major faults
 SLOT_cmajflt,  /*major faults+child*/    SLOT_utime,     // user+kernel jiffies
 SLOT_stime,    /*kernel mode jiffies*/   SLOT_cutime,    // utime+child
 SLOT_cstime,   /*stime+child*/           SLOT_priority,  // priority level
 SLOT_nice,     /*nice level*/            SLOT_numthreads,// thread count
 SLOT_vmlck,    /*locked memory*/         SLOT_starttime, // jiffies after boot
 SLOT_vsize,    /*virtual memory size*/   SLOT_rss,       // resident set size
 SLOT_rsslim,   /*limit in bytes on rss*/ SLOT_startcode, // code segment addr
 SLOT_endcode,  /*code segment address*/  SLOT_startstack,// stack address
 SLOT_esp,      /*task stack pointer*/    SLOT_eip,       // instruction pointer
 SLOT_iobytes,  /*All I/O bytes*/         SLOT_diobytes,  // disk I/O bytes
 SLOT_utime2,   /*relative utime (top)*/  SLOT_uid,       // user id
 SLOT_ruid,     /*real user id*/          SLOT_gid,       // group id
 SLOT_rgid,     /*real group id*/         SLOT_exitsig,   // sent to parent
 SLOT_taskcpu,  /*CPU running on*/        SLOT_rtprio,    // realtime priority
 SLOT_policy,   /*man sched_setscheduler*/SLOT_blkioticks,// IO wait time
 SLOT_gtime,    /*guest jiffies of task*/ SLOT_cgtime,    // gtime+child
 SLOT_startbss, /*data/bss address*/      SLOT_endbss,    // end addr data+bss
 SLOT_upticks,  /*46-19 (divisor for %)*/ SLOT_argv0len,  // argv[0] length
 SLOT_uptime,   /*si.uptime @read time*/  SLOT_vsz,       // Virtual mem Size
 SLOT_rss2,     /*Resident Set Size*/     SLOT_shr,       // Shared memory
 SLOT_rchar,    /*All bytes read*/        SLOT_wchar,     // All bytes written
 SLOT_rbytes,   /*Disk bytes read*/       SLOT_wbytes,    // Disk bytes written
 SLOT_swap,     /*Swap pages used*/
};

// Data layout in toybuf
struct carveup {
  long long slot[55];       // data from /proc
  unsigned short offset[5]; // offset of fields in str[] (skip name, always 0)
  char state;
  char str[];               // name, tty, command, wchan, attr, cmdline
};

// TODO: Android uses -30 for LABEL, but ideally it would auto-size.
// 64|slot means compare as string when sorting
struct typography {
  char *name;
  signed char width, slot;
} static const typos[] = TAGGED_ARRAY(PS,
  // Numbers
  {"PID", 5, SLOT_pid}, {"PPID", 5, SLOT_ppid}, {"PRI", 3, SLOT_priority},
  {"NI", 3, SLOT_nice}, {"ADDR", 4+sizeof(long), SLOT_eip},
  {"SZ", 5, SLOT_vsize}, {"RSS", 5, SLOT_rss}, {"PGID", 5, SLOT_pgrp},
  {"VSZ", 6, SLOT_vsize}, {"MAJFL", 6, SLOT_majflt}, {"MINFL", 6, SLOT_minflt},
  {"PR", 2, SLOT_priority}, {"PSR", 3, SLOT_taskcpu},
  {"RTPRIO", 6, SLOT_rtprio}, {"SCH", 3, SLOT_policy}, {"CPU", 3, SLOT_taskcpu},

  // String fields
  {"COMM", -15, -1}, {"TTY", -8, -2}, {"WCHAN", -6, -3}, {"LABEL", -30, -4},
  {"COMMAND", -27, -5}, {"CMDLINE", -27, -6}, {"ARGS", -27, -6},
  {"NAME", -15, -6}, {"CMD", -27, -1},

  // user/group
  {"UID", 5, SLOT_uid}, {"USER", -8, 64|SLOT_uid}, {"RUID", 4, SLOT_ruid},
  {"RUSER", -8, 64|SLOT_ruid}, {"GID", 8, SLOT_gid}, {"GROUP", -8, 64|SLOT_gid},
  {"RGID", 4, SLOT_rgid}, {"RGROUP", -8, 64|SLOT_rgid},

  // clock displays
  {"TIME", 8, SLOT_utime}, {"ELAPSED", 11, SLOT_starttime},
  {"TIME+", 9, SLOT_utime},

  // Percentage displays
  {"C", 1, SLOT_utime2}, {"%VSZ", 5, SLOT_vsize}, {"%MEM", 5, SLOT_rss},
  {"%CPU", 4, SLOT_utime2},

  // human_readable
  {"VIRT", 4, SLOT_vsz}, {"RES", 4, SLOT_rss2},
  {"SHR", 4, SLOT_shr}, {"READ", 6, SLOT_rchar}, {"WRITE", 6, SLOT_wchar},
  {"IO", 6, SLOT_iobytes}, {"DREAD", 6, SLOT_rbytes},
  {"DWRITE", 6, SLOT_wbytes}, {"SWAP", 6, SLOT_swap}, {"DIO", 6, SLOT_diobytes},

  // Misc
  {"STIME", 5, SLOT_starttime}, {"F", 1, 64|SLOT_flags}, {"S", -1, 64},
  {"STAT", -5, 64},
);

// Return 0 to discard, nonzero to keep
static int shared_match_process(long long *slot)
{
  struct ptr_len match[] = {
    {&TT.gg, SLOT_gid}, {&TT.GG, SLOT_rgid}, {&TT.pp, SLOT_pid},
    {&TT.PP, SLOT_ppid}, {&TT.ss, SLOT_sid}, {&TT.tt, SLOT_ttynr},
    {&TT.uu, SLOT_uid}, {&TT.UU, SLOT_ruid}
  };
  int i, j;
  long *ll = 0;

  // Do we have -g -G -p -P -s -t -u -U options selecting processes?
  for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_LEN(match); i++) {
    struct ptr_len *mm = match[i].ptr;
    if (mm->len) {
      ll = mm->ptr;
      for (j = 0; j<mm->len; j++) if (ll[j] == slot[match[i].len]) return 1;
    }
  }

  return ll ? 0 : -1;
}


// Return 0 to discard, nonzero to keep
static int ps_match_process(long long *slot)
{
  int i = shared_match_process(slot);

  if (i>0) return 1;
  // If we had selections and didn't match them, don't display
  if (!i) return 0;

  // Filter implicit categories for other display types
  if ((toys.optflags&(FLAG_a|FLAG_d)) && slot[SLOT_sid]==*slot) return 0;
  if ((toys.optflags&FLAG_a) && !slot[SLOT_ttynr]) return 0;
  if (!(toys.optflags&(FLAG_a|FLAG_d|FLAG_A|FLAG_e))
      && TT.tty!=slot[SLOT_ttynr]) return 0;

  return 1;
}

// Convert field to string representation
static char *string_field(struct carveup *tb, struct strawberry *field)
{
  char *buf = toybuf+sizeof(toybuf)-260, *out = buf, *s;
  int which = field->which, sl = typos[which].slot;
  long long *slot = tb->slot, ll = (sl >= 0) ? slot[sl&63] : 0;

  // numbers, mostly from /proc/$PID/stat
  if (which <= PS_CPU) {
    char *fmt = "%lld";

    if (which==PS_PRI) ll = 39-ll;
    if (which==PS_ADDR) fmt = "%llx";
    else if (which==PS_SZ) ll >>= 12;
    else if (which==PS_RSS) ll <<= 2;
    else if (which==PS_VSZ) ll >>= 10;
    else if (which==PS_PR && ll<-9) fmt="RT";
    else if (which==PS_RTPRIO && ll == 0) fmt="-";
    sprintf(out, fmt, ll);

  // String fields
  } else if (sl < 0) {
    if (slot[SLOT_argv0len])
      tb->str[tb->offset[4]+slot[SLOT_argv0len]] = (which==PS_NAME) ? 0 : ' ';
    out = tb->str;
    sl *= -1;
    if (--sl) out += tb->offset[--sl];
    if (which==PS_ARGS)
      for (s = out; *s && *s != ' '; s++) if (*s == '/') out = s+1;
    if (which>=PS_COMMAND && !*out) sprintf(out = buf, "[%s]", tb->str);

  // user/group
  } else if (which <= PS_RGROUP) {
    sprintf(out, "%lld", ll);
    if (sl&64) {
      if (which > PS_RUSER) {
        struct group *gr = getgrgid(ll);

        if (gr) out = gr->gr_name;
      } else {
        struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(ll);

        if (pw) out = pw->pw_name;
      }
    }

  // Clock displays
  } else if (which <= PS_TIME_) {
    int unit = 60, pad = 2, j = TT.ticks; 
    time_t seconds;

    if (which!=PS_TIME_) unit *= 60*24;
    else pad = 0;
    // top adjusts slot[SLOT_upticks], we want original meaning.
    if (which==PS_ELAPSED) ll = (slot[SLOT_uptime]*j)-slot[SLOT_starttime];
    seconds = ll/j;

    // Output days-hours:mins:secs, skipping non-required fields with zero
    // TIME has 3 required fields, ETIME has 2. (Posix!) TIME+ is from top
    for (s = 0, j = 2*(which==PS_TIME_); j<4; j++) {
      if (!s && (seconds>unit || j == 1+(which!=PS_TIME))) s = out;
      if (s) {
        s += sprintf(s, j ? "%0*ld": "%*ld", pad, (long)(seconds/unit));
        pad = 2;
        if ((*s = "-::"[j])) s++;
      }
      seconds %= unit;
      unit /= j ? 60 : 24;
    }
    if (which==PS_TIME_ && s-out<8)
      sprintf(s, ".%02lld", (100*(ll%TT.ticks))/TT.ticks);

  // Percentage displays
  } else if (which <= PS__CPU) {
    ll = slot[sl&63]*1000;
    if (which==PS__VSZ || which==PS__MEM)
      ll /= TT.si.totalram/((which==PS__VSZ) ? 1024 : 4096);
    else if (slot[SLOT_upticks]) ll /= slot[SLOT_upticks];
    sl = ll;
    if (which==PS_C) sl += 5;
    sprintf(out, "%d", sl/10);
    if (which!=PS_C && sl<1000) sprintf(out+strlen(out), ".%d", sl%10);

  // Human readable
  } else if (which <= PS_DIO) {
    ll = slot[typos[which].slot];
    if (which <= PS_SHR) ll *= sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
    if (TT.forcek) sprintf(out, "%lldk", ll/1024);
    else human_readable(out, ll, 0);

  // Posix doesn't specify what flags should say. Man page says
  // 1 for PF_FORKNOEXEC and 4 for PF_SUPERPRIV from linux/sched.h
  } else if (which==PS_F) sprintf(out, "%llo", (slot[SLOT_flags]>>6)&5);
  else if (which==PS_S || which==PS_STAT) {
    s = out;
    *s++ = tb->state;
    if (which==PS_STAT) {
      // TODO l = multithreaded
      if (slot[SLOT_nice]<0) *s++ = '<';
      else if (slot[SLOT_nice]>0) *s++ = 'N';
      if (slot[SLOT_sid]==*slot) *s++ = 's';
      if (slot[SLOT_vmlck]) *s++ = 'L';
      if (slot[SLOT_ttypgrp]==*slot) *s++ = '+';
    } 
    *s = 0;
  } else if (which==PS_STIME) {
    time_t t = time(0)-slot[SLOT_uptime]+slot[SLOT_starttime]/TT.ticks;

    // Padding behavior's a bit odd: default field size is just hh:mm.
    // Increasing stime:size reveals more data at left until full,
    // so move start address so yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm revealed on left at :16,
    // then add :ss on right for :19.
    strftime(out, 260, "%F %T", localtime(&t));
    out = out+strlen(out)-3-abs(field->len);
    if (out<buf) out = buf;

  } else if (CFG_TOYBOX_DEBUG) error_exit("bad which %d", which);

  return out;
}

// Display process data that get_ps() read from /proc, formatting with TT.fields
static void show_ps(struct carveup *tb)
{
  struct strawberry *field;
  int pad, len, width = TT.width;

  // Loop through fields to display
  for (field = TT.fields; field; field = field->next) {
    char *out = string_field(tb, field);

    // Output the field, appropriately padded
    if (field != TT.fields) {
      putchar(' ');
      width--;
    }
    len = width;
    pad = 0;
    if (field->next || field->len>0)
      len = abs(pad = width<abs(field->len) ? width : field->len);

    if (TT.tty) width -= draw_trim(out, pad, len);
    else width -= printf("%*.*s", pad, len, out);
    if (!width) break;
  }
  xputc(TT.time ? '\r' : '\n');
}

// dirtree callback: read data about process to display, store, or discard it.
// Fills toybuf with struct carveup and either DIRTREE_SAVEs a copy to ->extra
// (in -k mode) or calls show_ps on toybuf (no malloc/copy/free there).
static int get_ps(struct dirtree *new)
{
  struct {
    char *name;
    long long bits;
  } fetch[] = {
    {"fd/", _PS_TTY}, {"wchan", _PS_WCHAN}, {"attr/current", _PS_LABEL},
    {"exe", _PS_COMMAND}, {"cmdline", _PS_CMDLINE|_PS_ARGS|_PS_NAME}
  };
  struct carveup *tb = (void *)toybuf;
  long long *slot = tb->slot;
  char *name, *s, *buf = tb->str, *end = 0;
  int i, j, fd;
  off_t len;

  // Recurse one level into /proc children, skip non-numeric entries
  if (!new->parent)
    return DIRTREE_RECURSE|DIRTREE_SHUTUP|(DIRTREE_SAVE*!TT.show_process);

  memset(slot, 0, sizeof(tb->slot));
  if (!(*slot = atol(new->name))) return 0;
  fd = dirtree_parentfd(new);

  len = 2048;
  sprintf(buf, "%lld/stat", *slot);
  if (!readfileat(fd, buf, buf, &len)) return 0;

  // parse oddball fields (name and state). Name can have embedded ')' so match
  // _last_ ')' in stat (although VFS limits filenames to 255 bytes max).
  // All remaining fields should be numeric.
  if (!(name = strchr(buf, '('))) return 0;
  for (s = ++name; *s; s++) if (*s == ')') end = s;
  if (!end || end-name>255) return 0;

  // Parse numeric fields (starting at 4th field in slot[SLOT_ppid])
  if (1>sscanf(s = end, ") %c%n", &tb->state, &i)) return 0;
  for (j = 1; j<50; j++) if (1>sscanf(s += i, " %lld%n", slot+j, &i)) break;

  // Now we've read the data, move status and name right after slot[] array,
  // and convert low chars to ? for non-tty display while we're at it.
  for (i = 0; i<end-name; i++)
    if ((tb->str[i] = name[i]) < ' ')
      if (!TT.tty) tb->str[i] = '?';
  buf = tb->str+i;
  *buf++ = 0;
  len = sizeof(toybuf)-(buf-toybuf);

  // save uid, ruid, gid, gid, and rgid int slots 31-34 (we don't use sigcatch
  // or numeric wchan, and the remaining two are always zero), and vmlck into
  // 18 (which is "obsolete, always 0" from stat)
  slot[SLOT_uid] = new->st.st_uid;
  slot[SLOT_gid] = new->st.st_gid;

  // TIME and TIME+ use combined value, ksort needs 'em added.
  slot[SLOT_utime] += slot[SLOT_stime];
  slot[SLOT_utime2] = slot[SLOT_utime];

  // If RGROUP RUSER STAT RUID RGID SWAP happening, or -G or -U, parse "status"
  // and save ruid, rgid, and vmlck.
  if ((TT.bits&(_PS_RGROUP|_PS_RUSER|_PS_STAT|_PS_RUID|_PS_RGID|_PS_SWAP
               |_PS_IO|_PS_DIO)) || TT.GG.len || TT.UU.len)
  {
    off_t temp = len;

    sprintf(buf, "%lld/status", *slot);
    if (!readfileat(fd, buf, buf, &temp)) *buf = 0;
    s = strafter(buf, "\nUid:");
    slot[SLOT_ruid] = s ? atol(s) : new->st.st_uid;
    s = strafter(buf, "\nGid:");
    slot[SLOT_rgid] = s ? atol(s) : new->st.st_gid;
    if ((s = strafter(buf, "\nVmLck:"))) slot[SLOT_vmlck] = atoll(s);
    if ((s = strafter(buf, "\nVmSwap:"))) slot[SLOT_swap] = atoll(s);
  }

  // Do we need to read "io"?
  if (TT.bits&(_PS_READ|_PS_WRITE|_PS_DREAD|_PS_DWRITE|_PS_IO|_PS_DIO)) {
    off_t temp = len;

    sprintf(buf, "%lld/io", *slot);
    if (!readfileat(fd, buf, buf, &temp)) *buf = 0;
    if ((s = strafter(buf, "rchar:"))) slot[SLOT_rchar] = atoll(s);
    if ((s = strafter(buf, "wchar:"))) slot[SLOT_wchar] = atoll(s);
    if ((s = strafter(buf, "read_bytes:"))) slot[SLOT_rbytes] = atoll(s);
    if ((s = strafter(buf, "write_bytes:"))) slot[SLOT_wbytes] = atoll(s);
    slot[SLOT_iobytes] = slot[SLOT_rchar]+slot[SLOT_wchar]+slot[SLOT_swap];
    slot[SLOT_diobytes] = slot[SLOT_rbytes]+slot[SLOT_wbytes]+slot[SLOT_swap];
  }

  // We now know enough to skip processes we don't care about.
  if (TT.match_process && !TT.match_process(slot)) return 0;

  // /proc data is generated as it's read, so for maximum accuracy on slow
  // systems (or ps | more) we re-fetch uptime as we fetch each /proc line.
  sysinfo(&TT.si);
  slot[SLOT_uptime] = TT.si.uptime;
  slot[SLOT_upticks] = slot[SLOT_uptime]*TT.ticks - slot[SLOT_starttime];

  // Do we need to read "statm"?
  if (TT.bits&(_PS_VIRT|_PS_RES|_PS_SHR)) {
    off_t temp = len;

    sprintf(buf, "%lld/statm", *slot);
    if (!readfileat(fd, buf, buf, &temp)) *buf = 0;
    
    for (s = buf, i=0; i<3; i++)
      if (!sscanf(s, " %lld%n", slot+SLOT_vsz+i, &j)) slot[SLOT_vsz+i] = 0;
      else s += j;
  }

  // Fetch string data while parentfd still available, appending to buf.
  // (There's well over 3k of toybuf left. We could dynamically malloc, but
  // it'd almost never get used, querying length of a proc file is awkward,
  // fixed buffer is nommu friendly... Wait for somebody to complain. :)
  slot[SLOT_argv0len] = 0;
  for (j = 0; j<ARRAY_LEN(fetch); j++) { 
    tb->offset[j] = buf-(tb->str);
    if (!(TT.bits&fetch[j].bits)) {
      *buf++ = 0;
      continue;
    }

    // Determine remaining space, reserving minimum of 256 bytes/field and
    // 260 bytes scratch space at the end (for output conversion later).
    len = sizeof(toybuf)-(buf-toybuf)-260-256*(ARRAY_LEN(fetch)-j);
    sprintf(buf, "%lld/%s", *slot, fetch[j].name);

    // For exe we readlink instead of read contents
    if (j==3) {
      if ((len = readlinkat(fd, buf, buf, len))>0) buf[len] = 0;
      else *buf = 0;

    // If it's not the TTY field, data we want is in a file.
    // Last length saved in slot[] is command line (which has embedded NULs)
    } else if (!j) {
      int rdev = slot[SLOT_ttynr];
      struct stat st;

      // Call no tty "?" rather than "0:0".
      strcpy(buf, "?");
      if (rdev) {
        // Can we readlink() our way to a name?
        for (i = 0; i<3; i++) {
          sprintf(buf, "%lld/fd/%i", *slot, i);
          if (!fstatat(fd, buf, &st, 0) && S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)
            && st.st_rdev == rdev && 0<(len = readlinkat(fd, buf, buf, len)))
          {
            buf[len] = 0;
            break;
          }
        }

        // Couldn't find it, try all the tty drivers.
        if (i == 3) {
          FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/tty/drivers", "r");
          int tty_major = 0, maj = dev_major(rdev), min = dev_minor(rdev);

          if (fp) {
            while (fscanf(fp, "%*s %256s %d %*s %*s", buf, &tty_major) == 2) {
              // TODO: we could parse the minor range too.
              if (tty_major == maj) {
                sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "%d", min);
                if (!stat(buf, &st) && S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && st.st_rdev==rdev)
                  break;
              }
              tty_major = 0;
            }
            fclose(fp);
          }

          // Really couldn't find it, so just show major:minor.
          if (!tty_major) sprintf(buf, "%d:%d", maj, min);
        }

        s = buf;
        if (strstart(&s, "/dev/")) memmove(buf, s, strlen(s)+1);
      }

    // Data we want is in a file.
    // Last length saved in slot[] is command line (which has embedded NULs)
    } else {

      // When command has no arguments, don't space over the NUL
      if (readfileat(fd, buf, buf, &len) && len>0) {
        int temp = 0;

        if (buf[len-1]=='\n') buf[--len] = 0;

        // Turn NUL to space, other low ascii to ? (in non-tty mode)
        // cmdline has a trailing NUL that we don't want to turn to space.
        for (i=0; i<len-1; i++) {
          char c = buf[i];

          if (!c) {
            if (!temp) temp = i;
            c = ' ';
          } else if (!TT.tty && c<' ') c = '?';
          buf[i] = c;
        }
        len = temp; // position of _first_ NUL
      } else *buf = len = 0;
      // Store end of argv[0] so NAME and CMDLINE can differ.
      slot[SLOT_argv0len] = len;
    }

    buf += strlen(buf)+1;
  }

  TT.kcount++;
  if (TT.show_process) {
    TT.show_process(tb);

    return 0;
  }

  // If we need to sort the output, add it to the list and return.
  s = xmalloc(buf-toybuf);
  new->extra = (long)s;
  memcpy(s, toybuf, buf-toybuf);

  return DIRTREE_SAVE;
}

static char *parse_ko(void *data, char *type, int length)
{
  struct strawberry *field;
  char *width, *title, *end, *s;
  int i, j, k;

  // Get title, length of title, type, end of type, and display width

  // Chip off =name to display
  if ((end = strchr(type, '=')) && length>(end-type)) {
    title = end+1;
    length -= (end-type)+1;
  } else {
    end = type+length;
    title = 0;
  }

  // Chip off :width to display
  if ((width = strchr(type, ':')) && width<end) {
    if (!title) length = width-type;
  } else width = 0;

  // Allocate structure, copy title
  field = xzalloc(sizeof(struct strawberry)+(length+1)*!!title);
  if (title) {
    memcpy(field->title = field->forever, title, length);
    field->title[field->len = length] = 0;
  }

  if (width) {
    field->len = strtol(++width, &title, 10);
    if (!isdigit(*width) || title != end) return title;
    end = --width;
  }

  // Find type
  field->reverse = 1;
  if (*type == '-') field->reverse = -1;
  else if (*type != '+') type--;
  type++;
  for (i = 0; i<ARRAY_LEN(typos); i++) {
    field->which = i;
    for (j = 0; j<2; j++) {
      if (!j) s = typos[i].name;
      // posix requires alternate names for some fields
      else if (-1==(k = stridx((char []){PS_NI, PS_SCH, PS_ELAPSED, PS__CPU,
        PS_VSZ, PS_USER, 0}, i))) continue;
      else
        s = ((char *[]){"NICE", "SCHED", "ETIME", "PCPU", "VSIZE", "UNAME"})[k];

      if (!strncasecmp(type, s, end-type) && strlen(s)==end-type) break;
    }
    if (j!=2) break;
  }
  if (i==ARRAY_LEN(typos)) return type;
  if (!field->title) field->title = typos[field->which].name;
  if (!field->len) field->len = typos[field->which].width;
  else if (typos[field->which].width<0) field->len *= -1;
  dlist_add_nomalloc(data, (void *)field);

  return 0;
}

long long get_headers(struct strawberry *fields, char *buf, int blen)
{
  long long bits = 0;
  int len = 0;

  for (; fields; fields = fields->next) {
    len += snprintf(buf+len, blen-len, " %*s"+!bits, fields->len,
      fields->title);
    bits |= 1LL<<fields->which;
  }

  return bits;
}

// Parse -p -s -t -u -U -g -G
static char *parse_rest(void *data, char *str, int len)
{
  struct ptr_len *pl = (struct ptr_len *)data;
  long *ll = pl->ptr;
  char *end;
  int num = 0;

  // Allocate next chunk of data
  if (!(15&pl->len))
    ll = pl->ptr = xrealloc(pl->ptr, sizeof(long)*(pl->len+16));

  // Parse numerical input
  if (isdigit(*str)) {
    ll[pl->len] = xstrtol(str, &end, 10);
    if (end==(len+str)) num++;
  }

  if (pl==&TT.pp || pl==&TT.ss) {
    if (num && ll[pl->len]>0) {
      pl->len++;

      return 0;
    }
  } else if (pl==&TT.tt) {
    // -t pts = 12,pts/12 tty = /dev/tty2,tty2,S0
    if (!num) {
      if (strstart(&str, strcpy(toybuf, "/dev/"))) len -= 5;
      if (strstart(&str, "pts/")) {
        len -= 4;
        num++;
      } else if (strstart(&str, "tty")) len -= 3;
    }
    if (len<256 && (!(end = strchr(str, '/')) || end-str>len)) {
      struct stat st;

      end = toybuf + sprintf(toybuf, "/dev/%s", num ? "pts/" : "tty");
      memcpy(end, str, len);
      end[len] = 0;
      xstat(toybuf, &st);
      ll[pl->len++] = st.st_rdev;

      return 0;
    }
  } else if (len<255) {
    char name[256];

    if (num) {
      pl->len++;

      return 0;
    }

    memcpy(name, str, len);
    name[len] = 0;
    if (pl==&TT.gg || pl==&TT.GG) {
      struct group *gr = getgrnam(name);
      if (gr) {
        ll[pl->len++] = gr->gr_gid;

        return 0;
      }
    } else if (pl==&TT.uu || pl==&TT.UU) {
      struct passwd *pw = getpwnam(name);
      if (pw) {
        ll[pl->len++] = pw->pw_uid;

        return 0;
      }
    }
  }

  // Return error
  return str;
}

// sort for -k
static int ksort(void *aa, void *bb)
{
  struct strawberry *field;
  struct carveup *ta = *(struct carveup **)aa, *tb = *(struct carveup **)bb;
  int ret = 0, slot;

  for (field = TT.kfields; field && !ret; field = field->next) {
    slot = typos[field->which].slot;

    // Can we do numeric sort?
    if (!(slot&64)) {
      if (ta->slot[slot]<tb->slot[slot]) ret = -1;
      if (ta->slot[slot]>tb->slot[slot]) ret = 1;
    }

    // fallback to string sort
    if (!ret) {
      memccpy(toybuf, string_field(ta, field), 0, 2048);
      toybuf[2048] = 0;
      ret = strcmp(toybuf, string_field(tb, field));
    }
    ret *= field->reverse;
  }

  return ret;
}

static struct carveup **collate(int count, struct dirtree *dt,
  int (*sort)(void *a, void *b))
{
  struct dirtree *temp;
  struct carveup **tbsort = xmalloc(count*sizeof(struct carveup *));
  int i;

  // descend into child list
  *tbsort = (void *)dt;
  dt = dt->child;
  free(*tbsort);

  // populate array
  for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    temp = dt->next;
    tbsort[i] = (void *)dt->extra;
    free(dt);
    dt = temp;
  }

  return tbsort;
} 

static void default_ko(char *s, void *fields, char *err, struct arg_list *arg)
{
  struct arg_list def;

  memset(&def, 0, sizeof(struct arg_list));
  def.arg = s;
  comma_args(arg ? arg : &def, fields, err, parse_ko);
}

static void shared_main(void)
{
  int i;

  TT.ticks = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
  if (!TT.width) {
    TT.width = (toys.which->name[1] == 's') ? 99999 : 80;
    TT.height = 25;
    terminal_size(&TT.width, &TT.height);
  }

  // find controlling tty, falling back to /dev/tty if none
  for (i = 0; !TT.tty && i<4; i++) {
    struct stat st;
    int fd = i;

    if (i==3 && -1==(fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDONLY))) break;

    if (isatty(fd) && !fstat(fd, &st)) TT.tty = st.st_rdev;
    if (i==3) close(fd);
  }
}

void ps_main(void)
{
  struct dirtree *dt;
  char *s;
  int i;

  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_w) TT.width = 99999;
  shared_main();

  // parse command line options other than -o
  comma_args(TT.ps.P, &TT.PP, "bad -P", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.ps.p, &TT.pp, "bad -p", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.ps.t, &TT.tt, "bad -t", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.ps.s, &TT.ss, "bad -s", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.ps.u, &TT.uu, "bad -u", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.ps.U, &TT.UU, "bad -U", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.ps.g, &TT.gg, "bad -g", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.ps.G, &TT.GG, "bad -G", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.ps.k, &TT.kfields, "bad -k", parse_ko);
  dlist_terminate(TT.kfields);

  // Parse manual field selection, or default/-f/-l, plus -Z and -O
  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_Z) default_ko("LABEL", &TT.fields, 0, 0);
  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_f) s = "USER:8=UID,PID,PPID,C,STIME,TTY,TIME,CMD";
  else if (toys.optflags&FLAG_l)
    s = "F,S,UID,PID,PPID,C,PRI,NI,ADDR,SZ,WCHAN,TTY,TIME,CMD";
  else if (CFG_TOYBOX_ON_ANDROID)
    s = "USER,PID,PPID,VSIZE,RSS,WCHAN:10,ADDR:10=PC,S,NAME";
  else s = "PID,TTY,TIME,CMD";
  default_ko(s, &TT.fields, "bad -o", TT.ps.o);
  if (TT.ps.O) {
    if (TT.fields) TT.fields = ((struct strawberry *)TT.fields)->prev;
    comma_args(TT.ps.O, &TT.fields, "bad -O", parse_ko);
    if (TT.fields) TT.fields = ((struct strawberry *)TT.fields)->next;
  }
  dlist_terminate(TT.fields);

  // -f and -n change the meaning of some fields
  if (toys.optflags&(FLAG_f|FLAG_n)) {
    struct strawberry *ever;

    for (ever = TT.fields; ever; ever = ever->next) {
      if ((toys.optflags&FLAG_f) && ever->which==PS_CMD) ever->which = PS_ARGS;
      if ((toys.optflags&FLAG_n) && ever->which>=PS_UID
        && ever->which<=PS_RGROUP && (typos[ever->which].slot&64))
          ever->which--;
    }
  }

  // Calculate seen fields bit array, and if we aren't deferring printing
  // print headers now (for low memory/nommu systems).
  TT.bits = get_headers(TT.fields, toybuf, sizeof(toybuf));
  if (!(toys.optflags&FLAG_M)) printf("%.*s\n", TT.width, toybuf);
  if (!(toys.optflags&(FLAG_k|FLAG_M))) TT.show_process = (void *)show_ps;
  TT.match_process = ps_match_process;
  dt = dirtree_read("/proc", get_ps);

  if (toys.optflags&(FLAG_k|FLAG_M)) {
    struct carveup **tbsort = collate(TT.kcount, dt, ksort);

    if (toys.optflags&FLAG_M) {
      for (i = 0; i<TT.kcount; i++) {
        struct strawberry *field;

        for (field = TT.fields; field; field = field->next) {
          int len = strlen(string_field(tbsort[i], field));

          if (abs(field->len)<len) field->len = (field->len<0) ? -len : len;
        }
      }

      // Now that we've recalculated field widths, re-pad headers again
      get_headers(TT.fields, toybuf, sizeof(toybuf));
      printf("%.*s\n", TT.width, toybuf);
    }

    if (toys.optflags&FLAG_k)
      qsort(tbsort, TT.kcount, sizeof(struct carveup *), (void *)ksort);
    for (i = 0; i<TT.kcount; i++) {
      show_ps(tbsort[i]);
      free(tbsort[i]);
    }
    if (CFG_TOYBOX_FREE) free(tbsort);
  }

  if (CFG_TOYBOX_FREE) {
    free(TT.gg.ptr);
    free(TT.GG.ptr);
    free(TT.pp.ptr);
    free(TT.PP.ptr);
    free(TT.ss.ptr);
    free(TT.tt.ptr);
    free(TT.uu.ptr);
    free(TT.UU.ptr);
    llist_traverse(TT.fields, free);
  }
}

#define CLEANUP_ps
#define FOR_top
#include "generated/flags.h"

// select which of the -o fields to sort by
static void setsort(int pos)
{
  struct strawberry *field, *going2;
  int i = 0;

  if (pos<0) pos = 0;

  for (field = TT.fields; field; field = field->next) {
    if ((TT.sortpos = i++)<pos && field->next) continue;
    going2 = TT.kfields;
    going2->which = field->which;
    going2->len = field->len;
    break;
  }
}

// If we have both, adjust slot[deltas[]] to be relative to previous
// measurement rather than process start. Stomping old.data is fine
// because we free it after displaying.
static int merge_deltas(long long *oslot, long long *nslot, int milis)
{
  char deltas[] = {SLOT_utime2, SLOT_iobytes, SLOT_diobytes, SLOT_rchar,
                   SLOT_wchar, SLOT_rbytes, SLOT_wbytes, SLOT_swap};
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i<ARRAY_LEN(deltas); i++)
    oslot[deltas[i]] = nslot[deltas[i]] - oslot[deltas[i]];
  oslot[SLOT_upticks] = (milis*TT.ticks)/1000;

  return 1;
}

static int header_line(int line, int rev)
{
  if (!line) return 0;

  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_b) rev = 0;

  printf("%s%*.*s%s\r\n", rev ? "\033[7m" : "",
    (toys.optflags&FLAG_b) ? 0 : -TT.width, TT.width, toybuf,
    rev ? "\033[0m" : "");

  return line-1;
}

// Get current time in miliseconds
static long long militime(void)
{
  struct timespec ts;

  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);

  return ts.tv_sec*1000+ts.tv_nsec/1000000;
}

static void top_common(
  int (*filter)(long long *oslot, long long *nslot, int milis))
{
  long long timeout = 0, now, stats[16];
  struct proclist {
    struct carveup **tb;
    int count;
    long long whence;
  } plist[2], *plold, *plnew, old, new, mix;
  char scratch[16], *pos, *cpufields[] = {"user", "nice", "sys", "idle",
    "iow", "irq", "sirq", "host"};
 
  unsigned tock = 0;
  int i, lines, topoff = 0, done = 0;

  toys.signal = SIGWINCH;
  TT.bits = get_headers(TT.fields, toybuf, sizeof(toybuf));
  *scratch = 0;
  memset(plist, 0, sizeof(plist));
  memset(stats, 0, sizeof(stats));
  do {
    struct dirtree *dt;
    int recalc = 1;

    plold = plist+(tock++&1);
    plnew = plist+(tock&1);
    plnew->whence = militime();
    dt= dirtree_read("/proc", get_ps);
    plnew->tb = collate(plnew->count = TT.kcount, dt, ksort);
    TT.kcount = 0;

    if (readfile("/proc/stat", pos = toybuf, sizeof(toybuf))) {
      long long *st = stats+8*(tock&1);

      // user nice system idle iowait irq softirq host
      sscanf(pos, "cpu %lld %lld %lld %lld %lld %lld %lld %lld",
        st, st+1, st+2, st+3, st+4, st+5, st+6, st+7);
    }

    // First time, wait a quarter of a second to collect a little delta data.
    if (!plold->tb) {
      msleep(250);
      continue;
    }

    // Collate old and new into "mix", depends on /proc read in pid sort order
    old = *plold;
    new = *plnew;
    mix.tb = xmalloc((old.count+new.count)*sizeof(struct carveup));
    mix.count = 0;

    while (old.count || new.count) {
      struct carveup *otb = *old.tb, *ntb = *new.tb;

      // If we just have old, discard it.
      if (old.count && (!new.count || *otb->slot < *ntb->slot)) {
        old.tb++;
        old.count--;

        continue;
      }

      // If we just have new, use it verbatim
      if (!old.count || *otb->slot > *ntb->slot) mix.tb[mix.count] = ntb;
      else {
        // Keep or discard
        if (filter(otb->slot, ntb->slot, new.whence-old.whence)) {
          mix.tb[mix.count] = otb;
          mix.count++;
        }
        old.tb++;
        old.count--;
      }
      new.tb++;
      new.count--;
    }

    // We will re-fetch no data before its time. - Mork calling Orson Welles
    for (;;) {
      char was, is;

      if (recalc) {
        qsort(mix.tb, mix.count, sizeof(struct carveup *), (void *)ksort);
        if (!(toys.optflags&FLAG_b)) {
          printf("\033[H\033[J");
          if (toys.signal) {
            toys.signal = 0;
            terminal_probesize(&TT.width, &TT.height);
          }
        }
        lines = TT.height;
      }
      if (recalc && !(toys.optflags&FLAG_q)) {
        if (*toys.which->name == 't') {
          struct strawberry alluc;
          long long ll, up = 0;
          long run[6];
          int j;

          alluc.which = PS_S;
          memset(run, 0, sizeof(run));
          for (i = 0; i<mix.count; i++)
            run[1+stridx("RSTZ", *string_field(mix.tb[i], &alluc))]++;

          sprintf(toybuf,
            "Tasks: %d total,%4ld running,%4ld sleeping,%4ld stopped,"
            "%4ld zombie", mix.count, run[1], run[2], run[3], run[4]);
          lines = header_line(lines, 0);

          if (readfile("/proc/meminfo", toybuf, sizeof(toybuf))) {
            for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
              pos = strafter(toybuf, (char *[]){"MemTotal:","\nMemFree:",
                    "\nBuffers:","\nCached:","\nSwapTotal:","\nSwapFree:"}[i]);
              run[i] = pos ? atol(pos) : 0;
            }
            sprintf(toybuf,
             "Mem:%10ldk total,%9ldk used,%9ldk free,%9ldk buffers",
              run[0], run[0]-run[1], run[1], run[2]);
            lines = header_line(lines, 0);
            sprintf(toybuf,
              "Swap:%9ldk total,%9ldk used,%9ldk free,%9ldk cached",
              run[4], run[4]-run[5], run[5], run[3]);
            lines = header_line(lines, 0);
          }

          pos = toybuf;
          i = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
          pos += sprintf(pos, "%d%%cpu", i*100);
          j = 4+(i>10);

          // If a processor goes idle it's powered down and its idle ticks don't
          // advance, so calculate idle time as potential time - used.
          if (mix.count) up = mix.tb[0]->slot[SLOT_upticks];
          if (!up) up = 1;
          now = up*i;
          ll = stats[3] = stats[11] = 0;
          for (i = 0; i<8; i++) ll += stats[i]-stats[i+8];
          stats[3] = now - llabs(ll);

          for (i = 0; i<8; i++) {
            ll = (llabs(stats[i]-stats[i+8])*1000)/up;
            pos += sprintf(pos, "% *lld%%%s", j, (ll+5)/10, cpufields[i]);
          }
          lines = header_line(lines, 0);
        } else {
          struct strawberry *fields;
          struct carveup tb;

          memset(&tb, 0, sizeof(struct carveup));
          pos = stpcpy(toybuf, "Totals:");
          for (fields = TT.fields; fields; fields = fields->next) {
            long long ll, bits = 0;
            int slot = typos[fields->which].slot&63;

            if (fields->which<PS_C || fields->which>PS_DIO) continue;
            ll = 1LL<<fields->which;
            if (bits&ll) continue;
            bits |= ll;
            for (i=0; i<mix.count; i++)
              tb.slot[slot] += mix.tb[i]->slot[slot];
            pos += snprintf(pos, sizeof(toybuf)/2-(pos-toybuf),
              " %s: %*s,", typos[fields->which].name,
              fields->len, string_field(&tb, fields));
          }
          *--pos = 0;
          lines = header_line(lines, 0);
        }

        get_headers(TT.fields, pos = toybuf, sizeof(toybuf));
        for (i = 0, is = *pos; *pos; pos++) {
          was = is;
          is = *pos;
          if (isspace(was) && !isspace(is) && i++==TT.sortpos) pos[-1] = '[';
          if (!isspace(was) && isspace(is) && i==TT.sortpos+1) *pos = ']';
        }
        *pos = 0;
        lines = header_line(lines, 1);
      }
      if (!recalc && !(toys.optflags&FLAG_b))
        printf("\033[%dH\033[J", 1+TT.height-lines);
      recalc = 1;

      for (i = 0; i<lines && i+topoff<mix.count; i++) {
        if (i) xputc('\n');
        show_ps(mix.tb[i+topoff]);
      }

      if (TT.top.n && !--TT.top.n) {
        done++;
        break;
      }

      // Get current time in miliseconds
      now = militime();
      if (timeout<=now) timeout = new.whence+TT.top.d;
      if (timeout<=now || timeout>now+TT.top.d) timeout = now+TT.top.d;

      // In batch mode, we ignore the keyboard.
      if (toys.optflags&FLAG_b) {
        msleep(timeout-now);
        // Make an obvious gap between datasets.
        xputs("\n\n\n");
        continue;
      }

      i = scan_key_getsize(scratch, timeout-now, &TT.width, &TT.height);
      if (i==-1 || i==3 || toupper(i)=='Q') {
        done++;
        break;
      }
      if (i==-2) break;

      // Flush unknown escape sequences.
      if (i==27) while (0<scan_key_getsize(scratch, 0, &TT.width, &TT.height));
      else if (i==' ') {
        timeout = 0;
        break;
      } else if (toupper(i)=='R')
        ((struct strawberry *)TT.kfields)->reverse *= -1;
      else {
        i -= 256;
        if (i == KEY_LEFT) setsort(TT.sortpos-1);
        else if (i == KEY_RIGHT) setsort(TT.sortpos+1);
        // KEY_UP is 0, so at end of strchr
        else if (strchr((char []){KEY_DOWN,KEY_PGUP,KEY_PGDN,KEY_UP}, i)) {
          recalc = 0;

          if (i == KEY_UP) topoff--;
          else if (i == KEY_DOWN) topoff++;
          else if (i == KEY_PGDN) topoff += lines;
          else if (i == KEY_PGUP) topoff -= lines;
          if (topoff<0) topoff = 0; 
          if (topoff>mix.count) topoff = mix.count;
        }
      }
      continue;
    }

    free(mix.tb);
    for (i=0; i<plold->count; i++) free(plold->tb[i]);
    free(plold->tb);
  } while (!done);

  if (!(toys.optflags&FLAG_b)) tty_reset();
}

static void top_setup(char *defo, char *defk)
{
  int len;

  TT.time = militime();
  TT.top.d *= 1000;
  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_b) TT.width = TT.height = 99999;
  else {
    xset_terminal(0, 1, 0);
    sigatexit(tty_sigreset);
    xsignal(SIGWINCH, generic_signal);
    printf("\033[?25l\033[0m");
  }
  shared_main();

  comma_args(TT.top.u, &TT.uu, "bad -u", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.top.p, &TT.pp, "bad -p", parse_rest);
  TT.match_process = shared_match_process;

  default_ko(defo, &TT.fields, "bad -o", TT.top.o);
  dlist_terminate(TT.fields);
  len = strlen(toybuf);
  if (toybuf[len-1]!=' ' && len<sizeof(toybuf)-1) strcpy(toybuf+len, " ");

  // First (dummy) sort field is overwritten by setsort()
  default_ko("-S", &TT.kfields, 0, 0);
  default_ko(defk, &TT.kfields, "bad -k", TT.top.k);
  dlist_terminate(TT.kfields);
  setsort(TT.top.s-1);
}

void top_main(void)
{
  // usage: [-h HEADER] -o OUTPUT -k SORT

  top_setup(
    "PID,USER,PR,NI,VIRT,RES,SHR,S,%CPU,%MEM,TIME+,ARGS",
    "-%CPU,-ETIME,-PID");
  top_common(merge_deltas);
}

#define CLEANUP_top
#define FOR_iotop
#include "generated/flags.h"

static int iotop_filter(long long *oslot, long long *nslot, int milis)
{
  if (!(toys.optflags&FLAG_a)) merge_deltas(oslot, nslot, milis);
  else oslot[SLOT_upticks] = ((militime()-TT.time)*TT.ticks)/1000;

  return !(toys.optflags&FLAG_o)||oslot[SLOT_iobytes+!(toys.optflags&FLAG_A)];
}

void iotop_main(void)
{
  char *s1 = 0, *s2 = 0, *d = "D"+!!(toys.optflags&FLAG_A);

  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_K) TT.forcek++;

  top_setup(s1 = xmprintf("PID,PR,USER,%sREAD,%sWRITE,SWAP,%sIO,COMM",d,d,d),
    s2 = xmprintf("-%sIO,-ETIME,-PID",d));
  free(s1);
  free(s2);
  top_common(iotop_filter);
}

// pkill's plumbing wraps pgrep's and thus mostly takes place in pgrep's flag
// context, so force pgrep's flags on even when building pkill standalone.
// (All the pgrep/pkill functions drop out when building ps standalone.)
#define FORCE_FLAGS
#define CLEANUP_iotop
#define FOR_pgrep
#include "generated/flags.h"

struct regex_list {
  struct regex_list *next;
  regex_t reg;
};

static void do_pgk(struct carveup *tb)
{
  if (TT.pgrep.signal) {
    if (kill(*tb->slot, TT.pgrep.signal)) {
      char *s = num_to_sig(TT.pgrep.signal);

      if (!s) sprintf(s = toybuf, "%d", TT.pgrep.signal);
      perror_msg("%s->%lld", s, *tb->slot);
    }
  }
  if (!(toys.optflags&FLAG_c) && (!TT.pgrep.signal || TT.tty)) {
    printf("%lld", *tb->slot);
    if (toys.optflags&FLAG_l)
      printf(" %s", tb->str+tb->offset[4]*!!(toys.optflags&FLAG_f));
    
    printf("%s", TT.pgrep.d ? TT.pgrep.d : "\n");
  }
}

static void match_pgrep(struct carveup *tb)
{
  regmatch_t match;
  struct regex_list *reg;
  char *name = tb->str+tb->offset[4]*!!(toys.optflags&FLAG_f);;

  // Never match ourselves.
  if (TT.pgrep.self == *tb->slot) return;

  if (TT.pgrep.regexes) {
    for (reg = TT.pgrep.regexes; reg; reg = reg->next) {
      if (regexec(&reg->reg, name, 1, &match, 0)) continue;
      if (toys.optflags&FLAG_x)
        if (match.rm_so || match.rm_eo!=strlen(name)) continue;
      break;
    }
    if ((toys.optflags&FLAG_v) ? !!reg : !reg) return;
  }

  // Repurpose a field for -c count
  TT.sortpos++;
  if (toys.optflags&(FLAG_n|FLAG_o)) {
    long long ll = tb->slot[SLOT_starttime];

    if (toys.optflags&FLAG_o) ll *= -1;
    if (TT.time && TT.time>ll) return;
    TT.time = ll;
    free(TT.pgrep.snapshot);
    TT.pgrep.snapshot = xmemdup(toybuf, (name+strlen(name)+1)-toybuf);
  } else do_pgk(tb);
}

static int pgrep_match_process(long long *slot)
{
  int match = shared_match_process(slot);

  return (toys.optflags&FLAG_v) ? !match : match;
}

void pgrep_main(void)
{
  char **arg;
  struct regex_list *reg;

  TT.pgrep.self = getpid();

  // No signal names start with "L", so no need for "L: " parsing.
  if (TT.pgrep.L && 1>(TT.pgrep.signal = sig_to_num(TT.pgrep.L)))
    error_exit("bad -L '%s'", TT.pgrep.L);

  comma_args(TT.pgrep.G, &TT.GG, "bad -G", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.pgrep.g, &TT.gg, "bad -g", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.pgrep.P, &TT.PP, "bad -P", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.pgrep.s, &TT.ss, "bad -s", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.pgrep.t, &TT.tt, "bad -t", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.pgrep.U, &TT.UU, "bad -U", parse_rest);
  comma_args(TT.pgrep.u, &TT.uu, "bad -u", parse_rest);

  if ((toys.optflags&(FLAG_x|FLAG_f)) ||
      !(toys.optflags&(FLAG_G|FLAG_g|FLAG_P|FLAG_s|FLAG_t|FLAG_U|FLAG_u)))
    if (!toys.optc) help_exit("No PATTERN");

  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_f) TT.bits |= _PS_CMDLINE;
  for (arg = toys.optargs; *arg; arg++) {
    reg = xmalloc(sizeof(struct regex_list));
    xregcomp(&reg->reg, *arg, REG_EXTENDED);
    reg->next = TT.pgrep.regexes;
    TT.pgrep.regexes = reg;
  }
  TT.match_process = pgrep_match_process;
  TT.show_process = (void *)match_pgrep;

  dirtree_read("/proc", get_ps);
  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_c) printf("%d\n", TT.sortpos);
  if (TT.pgrep.snapshot) {
    do_pgk(TT.pgrep.snapshot);
    if (CFG_TOYBOX_FREE) free(TT.pgrep.snapshot);
  }
  if (TT.pgrep.d) xputc('\n');
}

#define CLEANUP_pgrep
#define FOR_pkill
#include "generated/flags.h"

void pkill_main(void)
{
  if (!TT.pgrep.L) TT.pgrep.signal = SIGTERM;
  if (toys.optflags & FLAG_V) TT.tty = 1;
  pgrep_main();
}