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+.\"	$OpenBSD: grep.1,v 1.50 2019/12/03 08:48:49 kn Exp $
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)grep.1	8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: December 3 2019 $
+.Dt GREP 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm grep , egrep , fgrep ,
+.Nm zgrep , zegrep , zfgrep
+.Nd file pattern searcher
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm grep
+.Bk -words
+.Op Fl abcEFGHhIiLlnoqRsUVvwxZ
+.Op Fl A Ar num
+.Op Fl B Ar num
+.Op Fl C Ns Op Ar num
+.Op Fl e Ar pattern
+.Op Fl f Ar file
+.Op Fl m Ar num
+.Op Fl -binary-files Ns = Ns Ar value
+.Op Fl -context Ns Op = Ns Ar num
+.Op Fl -label Ns = Ns Ar name
+.Op Fl -line-buffered
+.Op Ar pattern
+.Op Ar
+.Ek
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm grep
+utility searches any given input files,
+selecting lines that match one or more patterns.
+By default, a pattern matches an input line if the regular expression
+(RE) in the pattern matches the input line
+without its trailing newline.
+An empty expression matches every line.
+Each input line that matches at least one of the patterns is written
+to the standard output.
+If no file arguments are specified, the standard input is used.
+.Pp
+.Nm grep
+is used for simple patterns and
+basic regular expressions
+.Pq BREs ;
+.Nm egrep
+can handle extended regular expressions
+.Pq EREs .
+See
+.Xr re_format 7
+for more information on regular expressions.
+.Nm fgrep
+is quicker than both
+.Nm grep
+and
+.Nm egrep ,
+but can only handle fixed patterns
+(i.e. it does not interpret regular expressions).
+Patterns may consist of one or more lines,
+allowing any of the pattern lines to match a portion of the input.
+.Pp
+.Nm zgrep ,
+.Nm zegrep ,
+and
+.Nm zfgrep
+act like
+.Nm grep ,
+.Nm egrep ,
+and
+.Nm fgrep ,
+respectively, but accept input files compressed with the
+.Xr compress 1
+or
+.Xr gzip 1
+compression utilities.
+.Pp
+The following options are available:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl A Ar num
+Print
+.Ar num
+lines of trailing context after each match.
+See also the
+.Fl B
+and
+.Fl C
+options.
+.It Fl a
+Treat all files as ASCII text.
+Normally
+.Nm
+will simply print
+.Dq Binary file ... matches
+if files contain binary characters.
+Use of this option forces
+.Nm
+to output lines matching the specified pattern.
+.It Fl B Ar num
+Print
+.Ar num
+lines of leading context before each match.
+See also the
+.Fl A
+and
+.Fl C
+options.
+.It Fl b
+Each output line is preceded by its position (in bytes) in the file.
+If option
+.Fl o
+is also specified, the position of the matched pattern is displayed.
+.It Fl C Ns Oo Ar num Oc , Fl -context Ns Op = Ns Ar num
+Print
+.Ar num
+lines of leading and trailing context surrounding each match.
+The default is 2 and is equivalent to
+.Fl A
+.Ar 2
+.Fl B
+.Ar 2 .
+Note:
+no whitespace may be given between the option and its argument.
+.It Fl c
+Only a count of selected lines is written to standard output.
+.It Fl E
+Interpret
+.Ar pattern
+as an extended regular expression
+(i.e. force
+.Nm grep
+to behave as
+.Nm egrep ) .
+.It Fl e Ar pattern
+Specify a pattern used during the search of the input:
+an input line is selected if it matches any of the specified patterns.
+This option is most useful when multiple
+.Fl e
+options are used to specify multiple patterns,
+or when a pattern begins with a dash
+.Pq Sq - .
+.It Fl F
+Interpret
+.Ar pattern
+as a set of fixed strings
+(i.e. force
+.Nm grep
+to behave as
+.Nm fgrep ) .
+.It Fl f Ar file
+Read one or more newline separated patterns from
+.Ar file .
+Empty pattern lines match every input line.
+Newlines are not considered part of a pattern.
+If
+.Ar file
+is empty, nothing is matched.
+.It Fl G
+Interpret
+.Ar pattern
+as a basic regular expression
+(i.e. force
+.Nm grep
+to behave as traditional
+.Nm grep ) .
+.It Fl H
+Always print filename headers
+.Pq i.e. filenames
+with output lines.
+.It Fl h
+Never print filename headers
+.Pq i.e. filenames
+with output lines.
+.It Fl I
+Ignore binary files.
+.It Fl i
+Perform case insensitive matching.
+By default,
+.Nm grep
+is case sensitive.
+.It Fl L
+Only the names of files not containing selected lines are written to
+standard output.
+Pathnames are listed once per file searched.
+If the standard input is searched, the string
+.Dq (standard input)
+is written.
+.It Fl l
+Only the names of files containing selected lines are written to
+standard output.
+.Nm grep
+will only search a file until a match has been found,
+making searches potentially less expensive.
+Pathnames are listed once per file searched.
+If the standard input is searched, the string
+.Dq (standard input)
+is written.
+.It Fl m Ar num
+Stop after
+.Ar num
+matches.
+.It Fl n
+Each output line is preceded by its relative line number in the file,
+starting at line 1.
+The line number counter is reset for each file processed.
+This option is ignored if
+.Fl c ,
+.Fl L ,
+.Fl l ,
+or
+.Fl q
+is
+specified.
+.It Fl o
+Print each match, but only the match, not the entire line.
+.It Fl q
+Quiet mode:
+suppress normal output.
+.Nm grep
+will only search a file until a match has been found,
+making searches potentially less expensive.
+.It Fl R
+Recursively search subdirectories listed.
+If no
+.Ar file
+is given,
+.Nm
+searches the current working directory.
+.It Fl s
+Silent mode.
+Nonexistent and unreadable files are ignored
+(i.e. their error messages are suppressed).
+.It Fl U
+Search binary files, but do not attempt to print them.
+.It Fl V
+Display version information.
+All other options are ignored.
+.It Fl v
+Selected lines are those
+.Em not
+matching any of the specified patterns.
+.It Fl w
+The expression is searched for as a word (as if surrounded by
+.Sq [[:<:]]
+and
+.Sq [[:>:]] ;
+see
+.Xr re_format 7 ) .
+.It Fl x
+Only input lines selected against an entire fixed string or regular
+expression are considered to be matching lines.
+.It Fl Z
+Force
+.Nm grep
+to behave as
+.Nm zgrep .
+.It Fl -binary-files Ns = Ns Ar value
+Controls searching and printing of binary files.
+Options are
+.Ar binary ,
+the default: search binary files but do not print them;
+.Ar without-match :
+do not search binary files;
+and
+.Ar text :
+treat all files as text.
+.It Fl -label Ns = Ns Ar name
+Print
+.Ar name
+instead of the filename before lines.
+.It Fl -line-buffered
+Force output to be line buffered.
+By default, output is line buffered when standard output is a terminal
+and block buffered otherwise.
+.El
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+The
+.Nm grep
+utility exits with one of the following values:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Li 0
+One or more lines were selected.
+.It Li 1
+No lines were selected.
+.It Li >1
+An error occurred.
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+To find all occurrences of the word
+.Sq patricia
+in a file:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ grep 'patricia' myfile
+.Pp
+To find all occurrences of the pattern
+.Ql .Pp
+at the beginning of a line:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ grep '^\e.Pp' myfile
+.Pp
+The apostrophes ensure the entire expression is evaluated by
+.Nm grep
+instead of by the user's shell.
+The caret
+.Ql ^
+matches the null string at the beginning of a line,
+and the
+.Ql \e
+escapes the
+.Ql \&. ,
+which would otherwise match any character.
+.Pp
+To find all lines in a file which do not contain the words
+.Sq foo
+or
+.Sq bar :
+.Pp
+.Dl $ grep -v -e 'foo' -e 'bar' myfile
+.Pp
+A simple example of an extended regular expression:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ egrep '19|20|25' calendar
+.Pp
+Peruses the file
+.Sq calendar
+looking for either 19, 20, or 25.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr ed 1 ,
+.Xr ex 1 ,
+.Xr gzip 1 ,
+.Xr sed 1 ,
+.Xr re_format 7
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Nm
+utility is compliant with the
+.St -p1003.1-2008
+specification.
+.Pp
+The flags
+.Op Fl AaBbCGHhILmoRUVwZ
+are extensions to that specification, and the behaviour of the
+.Fl f
+flag when used with an empty pattern file is left undefined.
+.Pp
+All long options are provided for compatibility with
+GNU versions of this utility.
+.Pp
+Historic versions of the
+.Nm grep
+utility also supported the flags
+.Op Fl ruy .
+This implementation supports those options;
+however, their use is strongly discouraged.
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm grep
+command first appeared in
+.At v4 .