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|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- 2021-02-02 -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Installation Guide</title>
<meta name="generator" content="Org mode">
<meta name="author" content="Cem Keylan">
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</head>
<body>
<div id="preamble" class="status">
<nav id="navbar">
<a href="/" class=navbartitle>Carbs Linux</a>
<label for="hamburger">☰</label>
<input type="checkbox" id="hamburger" />
<ul id=navbarlist>
<li><a href="/" title="Home Page">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="//git.carbslinux.org" title="Git Repository">Git</a></li>
<li><a href="/download.html" title="Download Carbs Linux">Download</a></li>
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<li><a href="/install.html" title="Installation Instructions">Installation</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs.html" title="Documentation">Docs</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<div id="content">
<header>
<h1 class="title">Installation Guide</h1>
</header><p>
These are the step-by-step instructions for installing Carbs Linux. It can be
acquired as plain-text to be viewed offline with a pager from
<a href="https://carbslinux.org/install.txt">https://carbslinux.org/install.txt</a>.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">curl -sL https://carbslinux.org/install.txt | less
</pre>
</div>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org3ef8e84">1. Preparing Environment</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgff14f1e">1.1. Download</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb03d704">1.2. Signature verification</a></li>
<li><a href="#org44c5069">1.3. Extracting the tarball</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgea6ba02">1.4. Obtain the chroot helper</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org32c470a">2. Chroot</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgffe47f7">2.1. Setting up repositories</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org7913b8a">2.1.1. Obtaining from git</a></li>
<li><a href="#org69ce01c">2.1.2. Obtaining from rsync</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge7a96e2">2.1.3. Making the package manager use the repositories</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orge7115ca">2.2. Updating packages</a></li>
<li><a href="#org498cf81">2.3. Installing packages</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc580a0d">2.4. Essential Software</a></li>
<li><a href="#org543d436">2.5. Obtaining the documentation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgf4a305b">3. System Configuration</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgbb6f72c">3.1. Configuring hostname</a></li>
<li><a href="#org91ebad2">3.2. Hosts file</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgab5cd50">4. Kernel</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgbe83919">4.1. Obtaining the kernel sources</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge17a922">4.2. Kernel dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3d10772">4.3. Building the kernel</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org9ea370c">5. Making your system bootable</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org0972750">5.1. Bootloader</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org6851c50">5.1.1. GRUB BIOS installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf4bbd79">5.1.2. GRUB UEFI installation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org2e0c9fd">5.2. Init scripts</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3ca705c">5.3. Fstab</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org3847026">6. Post-installation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgdcd7be8">6.1. KISS repositories</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3ef8e84" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org3ef8e84"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Preparing Environment</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
To install Carbs Linux, you will need a Live Linux ISO. For that purpose, you
can obtain a Gentoo or Void Linux live image. You can follow their instructions
to boot and setup your network.
</p>
<p>
You will need the following programs in order to install Carbs Linux:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>tar</li>
<li>wget</li>
<li>xz</li>
<li>some form of base utilities (coreutils, sbase, busybox, etc.)</li>
</ul>
<p>
Rest of these instructions will assume that you have set all of these up, and
will continue on that point.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgff14f1e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgff14f1e"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Download</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
First, we need to download the rootfs tarball. You can do the following in order
to obtain the rootfs. If you are using an i686 machine, replace the <code>x86_64</code>
with <code>i686</code>. We are setting this in a URL variable so that we don't have to
write it every time.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">wget $<span class="org-variable-name">URL</span>/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256
sha256sum -c carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb03d704" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb03d704"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> Signature verification</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
<p>
It is highly recommended to verify the signature of the tarball. You will need
GPG for this.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">wget $<span class="org-variable-name">URL</span>/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig
gpg --recv-keys FF484BDFEFCEF8FF
gpg --verify carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org44c5069" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org44c5069"><span class="section-number-3">1.3</span> Extracting the tarball</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
<p>
You will need to extract the tarball to your desired location. For partitioning,
you can follow <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning">this guide</a>. This will assume that you will be mounting your root
partition to <code>/mnt</code>.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt
tar xf carbs-rootfs.tar.xz -C /mnt
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgea6ba02" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgea6ba02"><span class="section-number-3">1.4</span> Obtain the chroot helper</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
<p>
You can obtain the <code>cpt-chroot</code> script in order to do a simple chroot into your
new root filesystem.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/cpt-chroot
chmod a+x cpt-chroot
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org32c470a" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org32c470a"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Chroot</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
Chroot into Carbs Linux!
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">./cpt-chroot /mnt
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgffe47f7" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgffe47f7"><span class="section-number-3">2.1</span> Setting up repositories</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<p>
Newest tarballs do not come with repositories, so you will need to manually
obtain them, and set your <code>CPT_PATH</code> environment variable. Carbs Linux
repositories can either be obtained by <code>git</code> or <code>rsync</code>. While rsync
repositories are overall faster and smaller, git offers the whole history of the
repository and a means to manipulate your repository as you like it. If you want
to obtain the git repository, you will need to install <code>git</code> itself.
</p>
<p>
The following guide will assume that you put the repositories into <code>~/repos/</code>
directory, but you can put the repositories into any directory you want. So go
ahead and create that directory:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">mkdir -p $<span class="org-variable-name">HOME</span>/repos
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7913b8a" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org7913b8a"><span class="section-number-4">2.1.1</span> Obtaining from git</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-1-1">
<p>
Carbs Linux git repositories can be found both from the main server and GitHub
(mirror). Here are both their repository links. You can clone any of them.
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>git://git.carbslinux.org/repository</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/carbslinux/repository">https://github.com/carbslinux/repository</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">git clone git://git.carbslinux.org/repository $<span class="org-variable-name">HOME</span>/repos/carbs
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org69ce01c" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org69ce01c"><span class="section-number-4">2.1.2</span> Obtaining from rsync</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-1-2">
<p>
Carbs Linux rsync repositories live in rsync://carbslinux.org/repo. In
order to obtain it, run the following:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">rsync -avc rsync://carbslinux.org/repo $<span class="org-variable-name">HOME</span>/repos/carbs
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge7a96e2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orge7a96e2"><span class="section-number-4">2.1.3</span> Making the package manager use the repositories</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-1-3">
<p>
In your shell's configuration file, or in your <code>~/.profile</code> file, add the
following lines:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"><span class="org-variable-name">CPT_PATH</span>=$<span class="org-variable-name">HOME</span>/repos/carbs/core
<span class="org-variable-name">CPT_PATH</span>=$<span class="org-variable-name">CPT_PATH</span>:$<span class="org-variable-name">HOME</span>/repos/carbs/extra
<span class="org-variable-name">CPT_PATH</span>=$<span class="org-variable-name">CPT_PATH</span>:$<span class="org-variable-name">HOME</span>/repos/carbs/xorg
<span class="org-variable-name">CPT_PATH</span>=$<span class="org-variable-name">CPT_PATH</span>:$<span class="org-variable-name">HOME</span>/repos/carbs/community
<span class="org-builtin">export</span> CPT_PATH
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge7115ca" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge7115ca"><span class="section-number-3">2.2</span> Updating packages</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<p>
It is good practice to make sure your system is up to date, especially before
building new packages. If there is an update for the package manager you will
need to update twice.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">cpt-update && cpt-update
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org498cf81" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org498cf81"><span class="section-number-3">2.3</span> Installing packages</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
<p>
Since you are operating on a really small base, you might need to build and
install new programs to extend the functionality of your system. In order to
build and install packages new packages in Carbs, you need to execute the
following. "Package" is not actually a package and is given as an example.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">cpt-build package
cpt-install package
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc580a0d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc580a0d"><span class="section-number-3">2.4</span> Essential Software</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-4">
<p>
Here is a list of software that you might want to have on your system.
</p>
<p>
<b>BOOTLOADERS</b>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>efibootmgr</li>
<li>grub</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>FILESYSTEMS</b>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>e2fsprogs</li>
<li>dosfstools</li>
<li>ntfs-3g</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>NETWORKING</b>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>dhcpcd</li>
<li>wpa<sub>supplicant</sub></li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>TEXT EDITORS</b>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>nano</li>
<li>vim</li>
<li>neatvi</li>
<li>emacs</li>
<li>emacs-nox (terminal-only version of emacs)</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>USER SHELLS</b>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>bash</li>
<li>zsh</li>
<li>oksh</li>
<li>rc</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>POSIX BASE UTILITIES</b>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>busybox</li>
<li>sbase</li>
<li>coreutils</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>DOCUMENTATION</b>
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>carbs-docs</li>
<li>man-pages</li>
<li>man-pages-posix</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org543d436" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org543d436"><span class="section-number-3">2.5</span> Obtaining the documentation</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-5">
<p>
All the documentation for Carbs Linux can be found on a single info manual to be
viewed offline. You can obtain texinfo or the info (standalone) package in order
to view the documentation.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"><span class="org-comment-delimiter"># </span><span class="org-comment">Install the documentation.</span>
cpt b carbs-docs && cpt i carbs-docs
<span class="org-comment-delimiter"># </span><span class="org-comment">Install either texinfo or the info package. We will be installing standalone info</span>
<span class="org-comment-delimiter"># </span><span class="org-comment">as it doesn't need perl.</span>
cpt b info && cpt i info
<span class="org-comment-delimiter"># </span><span class="org-comment">You can then run info and navigate through the documentation.</span>
info carbslinux
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf4a305b" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgf4a305b"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> System Configuration</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<p>
After you have finished installing some extra packages, you can configure your
system to your liking.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbb6f72c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgbb6f72c"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> Configuring hostname</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
<p>
You might want to add a hostname, especially in a networked environment. Your
hostname will default to 'carbslinux' unless you set this.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"><span class="org-builtin">echo</span> your-hostname > /etc/hostname
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org91ebad2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org91ebad2"><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> Hosts file</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2">
<p>
You can edit your /etc/hosts file, which is the static lookup table for host
names. By default, there are two entries for localhost which are OKAY. You can
replace the 'localhost' part of these entries to your hostname.
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org6b852dd">
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost.localdomain localhost ip6-localhost
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgab5cd50" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgab5cd50"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Kernel</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<p>
Kernel isn't managed under the main repositories, even though you could package
one for your personal use. Here is an <a href="https://github.com/cemkeylan/kiss-repository/tree/master/personal/linux">example kernel package</a>, which you will
need to reconfigure for your specific setup if you want to make use of it.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbe83919" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgbe83919"><span class="section-number-3">4.1</span> Obtaining the kernel sources</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
<p>
You can visit the <a href="https://kernel.org">https://kernel.org</a> website to choose a kernel that you want
to install. Though only the latest stable and longterm (LTS) versions are
supported.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"><span class="org-comment-delimiter"># </span><span class="org-comment">Download the kernel and extract it</span>
wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz
tar xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz
<span class="org-comment-delimiter"># </span><span class="org-comment">Change directory into the kernel sources</span>
<span class="org-builtin">cd</span> linux-5.9.1
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge17a922" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge17a922"><span class="section-number-3">4.2</span> Kernel dependencies</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-2">
<p>
In order to compile the kernel you will need to install some dependencies. You
will need <code>libelf</code>, and <code>bison</code> to compile the kernel. If you want to configure
using the menu interface you will also need <code>ncurses</code>.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"><span class="org-comment-delimiter"># </span><span class="org-comment">The package manager asks to install if you are building more than one package,</span>
<span class="org-comment-delimiter"># </span><span class="org-comment">so no need to run 'cpt i ...'</span>
cpt b libelf ncurses
</pre>
</div>
<p>
In the vanilla kernel sources, you need perl to compile the kernel, but it can
be easily patched out. You will need to apply the following patch. Patch was
written by <a href="https://github.com/E5ten">E5ten</a>. You will need to obtain and apply the patch in the kernel
source directory.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/kernel-no-perl.patch
patch -p1 < kernel-no-perl.patch
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3d10772" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3d10772"><span class="section-number-3">4.3</span> Building the kernel</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-3">
<p>
Next step is configuring and building the kernel. You can check Gentoo's
<a href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Kernel/Configuration">kernel configuration guide</a> to learn more about the matter. Overall, Gentoo Wiki
is a good place to learn about configuration according to your hardware. The
following will assume a monolithic kernel.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">make menuconfig
make
install -Dm755 $(make -s image_name) /boot/vmlinuz-linux
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9ea370c" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9ea370c"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Making your system bootable</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<p>
In order to be able to boot your fresh system, wou will need an init-daemon,
init-scripts and a bootloader. The init daemon is already provided by busybox,
but you can optionally change it.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0972750" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org0972750"><span class="section-number-3">5.1</span> Bootloader</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-1">
<p>
In the main repository, there is efibootmgr and grub to serve as bootloaders.
efibootmgr can be used as a standalone bootloader, or can be used to install
grub in a UEFI environment. efibootmgr is needed unless you are using a device
without UEFI support (or you really want to use BIOS for a reason).
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6851c50" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org6851c50"><span class="section-number-4">5.1.1</span> GRUB BIOS installation</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-5-1-1">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">cpt b grub && cpt i grub
grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sdX
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf4bbd79" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgf4bbd79"><span class="section-number-4">5.1.2</span> GRUB UEFI installation</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-5-1-2">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">cpt b efibootmgr && cpt i efibootmgr
cpt b grub && cpt i grub
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi <span class="org-sh-escaped-newline">\</span>
--efi-directory=esp <span class="org-sh-escaped-newline">\</span>
--bootloader-id=CarbsLinux
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2e0c9fd" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2e0c9fd"><span class="section-number-3">5.2</span> Init scripts</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-2">
<p>
Only thing left to do is installing the init-scripts, and now you are almost
ready to boot your system!
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">cpt b carbs-init && cpt i carbs-init
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3ca705c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3ca705c"><span class="section-number-3">5.3</span> Fstab</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-3">
<p>
You can now manually edit your fstab entry, or you can use the genfstab tool.
If you want to use the tool, exit the chroot and run the following:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh">wget https://github.com/cemkeylan/genfstab/raw/master/genfstab
chmod +x genfstab
./genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3847026" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org3847026"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Post-installation</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
<p>
The base installation is now complete, you can now fine tune your system
according to your needs. Rest of these instructions are completely optional.
You can check the rest of the documentation to learn more about the system.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdcd7be8" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgdcd7be8"><span class="section-number-3">6.1</span> KISS repositories</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-1">
<p>
While not 100% compatible with cpt, you can use kiss repositories in your
system the same way you are using the distribution repositories. Here is an
example for the KISS Linux Community repository.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<footer>
<p>Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds</p>
<p>Copyright © 2019-2021 Cem Keylan</p>
</footer>
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