aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/include/libbb.h
blob: 111d1b790f375f1e0ce3b2aaf69bee356ddbd635 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
/*
 * Busybox main internal header file
 *
 * Based in part on code from sash, Copyright (c) 1999 by David I. Bell
 * Permission has been granted to redistribute this code under GPL.
 *
 * Licensed under GPLv2, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
 */
#ifndef LIBBB_H
#define LIBBB_H 1

#include "platform.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <paths.h>
#if defined __UCLIBC__ /* TODO: and glibc? */
/* use inlined versions of these: */
# define sigfillset(s)    __sigfillset(s)
# define sigemptyset(s)   __sigemptyset(s)
# define sigisemptyset(s) __sigisemptyset(s)
#endif
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
/* There are two incompatible basename's, let's not use them! */
/* See the dirname/basename man page for details */
#include <libgen.h> /* dirname,basename */
#undef basename
#define basename dont_use_basename
#include <poll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#if !defined(major) || defined(__GLIBC__)
# include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#endif
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SHADOWPASSWDS
# if !ENABLE_USE_BB_SHADOW
/* If using busybox's shadow implementation, do not include the shadow.h
 * header as the toolchain may not provide it at all.
 */
#  include <shadow.h>
# endif
#endif
#if defined(ANDROID) || defined(__ANDROID__)
# define endpwent() ((void)0)
# define endgrent() ((void)0)
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_MNTENT_H
# include <mntent.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STATFS_H
# include <sys/statfs.h>
#endif
/* Don't do this here:
 * #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
 * Some linux/ includes pull in conflicting definition
 * of struct sysinfo (only in some toolchanins), which breaks build.
 * Include sys/sysinfo.h only in those files which need it.
 */
#if ENABLE_SELINUX
# include <selinux/selinux.h>
# include <selinux/context.h>
#endif
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_UTMP
# if defined __UCLIBC__ && ( \
    (UCLIBC_VERSION >= KERNEL_VERSION(0, 9, 32) \
     && UCLIBC_VERSION < KERNEL_VERSION(0, 9, 34) \
     && defined __UCLIBC_HAS_UTMPX__ \
    ) || ( \
	 UCLIBC_VERSION >= KERNEL_VERSION(0, 9, 34) \
	) \
  )
#  include <utmpx.h>
# elif defined __UCLIBC__
#  include <utmp.h>
#  define utmpx utmp
#  define setutxent setutent
#  define endutxent endutent
#  define getutxent getutent
#  define getutxid getutid
#  define getutxline getutline
#  define pututxline pututline
#  define utmpxname utmpname
#  define updwtmpx updwtmp
#  define _PATH_UTMPX _PATH_UTMP
# else
#  include <utmp.h>
#  include <utmpx.h>
#  if defined _PATH_UTMP && !defined _PATH_UTMPX
#   define _PATH_UTMPX _PATH_UTMP
#  endif
# endif
#endif
#if ENABLE_LOCALE_SUPPORT
# include <locale.h>
#else
# define setlocale(x,y) ((void)0)
#endif
#ifdef DMALLOC
# include <dmalloc.h>
#endif
/* Just in case libc doesn't define some of these... */
#ifndef _PATH_PASSWD
#define _PATH_PASSWD  "/etc/passwd"
#endif
#ifndef _PATH_GROUP
#define _PATH_GROUP   "/etc/group"
#endif
#ifndef _PATH_SHADOW
#define _PATH_SHADOW  "/etc/shadow"
#endif
#ifndef _PATH_GSHADOW
#define _PATH_GSHADOW "/etc/gshadow"
#endif
#if defined __FreeBSD__ || defined __OpenBSD__
# include <netinet/in.h>
# include <arpa/inet.h>
#elif defined __APPLE__
# include <netinet/in.h>
#else
# include <arpa/inet.h>
//This breaks on bionic:
//# if !defined(__socklen_t_defined) && !defined(_SOCKLEN_T_DECLARED)
///* We #define socklen_t *after* includes, otherwise we get
// * typedef redefinition errors from system headers
// * (in case "is it defined already" detection above failed)
// */
//#  define socklen_t bb_socklen_t
//   typedef unsigned socklen_t;
//# endif
//if this is still needed, add a fix along the lines of
//  ifdef SPECIFIC_BROKEN_LIBC_CHECK / typedef socklen_t / endif
//in platform.h instead!
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_CLEARENV
# define clearenv() do { if (environ) environ[0] = NULL; } while (0)
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_FDATASYNC
# define fdatasync fsync
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_XTABS
# define XTABS TAB3
#endif
/*
 * Use '%m' to append error string on platforms that support it,
 * '%s' and strerror() on those that don't.
 */
#ifdef HAVE_PRINTF_PERCENTM
# define STRERROR_FMT    "%m"
# define STRERROR_ERRNO  /*nothing*/
#else
# define STRERROR_FMT    "%s"
# define STRERROR_ERRNO  ,strerror(errno)
#endif


/* Some libc's forget to declare these, do it ourself */

extern char **environ;
/* klogctl is in libc's klog.h, but we cheat and not #include that */
int klogctl(int type, char *b, int len);
#ifndef PATH_MAX
# define PATH_MAX 256
#endif
#ifndef BUFSIZ
# define BUFSIZ 4096
#endif


/* Busybox does not use threads, we can speed up stdio. */
#ifdef HAVE_UNLOCKED_STDIO
# undef  getc
# define getc(stream)   getc_unlocked(stream)
# undef  getchar
# define getchar()      getchar_unlocked()
# undef  putc
# define putc(c,stream) putc_unlocked(c,stream)
# undef  putchar
# define putchar(c)     putchar_unlocked(c)
# undef  fgetc
# define fgetc(stream)  getc_unlocked(stream)
# undef  fputc
# define fputc(c,stream) putc_unlocked(c,stream)
#endif
/* Above functions are required by POSIX.1-2008, below ones are extensions */
#ifdef HAVE_UNLOCKED_LINE_OPS
# undef  fgets
# define fgets(s,n,stream) fgets_unlocked(s,n,stream)
# undef  fputs
# define fputs(s,stream) fputs_unlocked(s,stream)
/* musl <= 1.1.15 does not support fflush_unlocked(NULL) */
//# undef  fflush
//# define fflush(stream) fflush_unlocked(stream)
# undef  feof
# define feof(stream)   feof_unlocked(stream)
# undef  ferror
# define ferror(stream) ferror_unlocked(stream)
# undef  fileno
# define fileno(stream) fileno_unlocked(stream)
#endif


/* Make all declarations hidden (-fvisibility flag only affects definitions) */
/* (don't include system headers after this until corresponding pop!) */
PUSH_AND_SET_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY_TO_HIDDEN


#if ENABLE_USE_BB_PWD_GRP
# include "pwd_.h"
# include "grp_.h"
#endif
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SHADOWPASSWDS
# if ENABLE_USE_BB_SHADOW
#  include "shadow_.h"
# endif
#endif

/* Tested to work correctly with all int types (IIRC :]) */
#define MAXINT(T) (T)( \
	((T)-1) > 0 \
	? (T)-1 \
	: (T)~((T)1 << (sizeof(T)*8-1)) \
	)

#define MININT(T) (T)( \
	((T)-1) > 0 \
	? (T)0 \
	: ((T)1 << (sizeof(T)*8-1)) \
	)

/* Large file support */
/* Note that CONFIG_LFS=y forces bbox to be built with all common ops
 * (stat, lseek etc) mapped to "largefile" variants by libc.
 * Practically it means that open() automatically has O_LARGEFILE added
 * and all filesize/file_offset parameters and struct members are "large"
 * (in today's world - signed 64bit). For full support of large files,
 * we need a few helper #defines (below) and careful use of off_t
 * instead of int/ssize_t. No lseek64(), O_LARGEFILE etc necessary */
#if ENABLE_LFS
/* CONFIG_LFS is on */
# if ULONG_MAX > 0xffffffff
/* "long" is long enough on this system */
typedef unsigned long uoff_t;
#  define XATOOFF(a) xatoul_range((a), 0, LONG_MAX)
/* usage: sz = BB_STRTOOFF(s, NULL, 10); if (errno || sz < 0) die(); */
#  define BB_STRTOOFF bb_strtoul
#  define STRTOOFF strtoul
/* usage: printf("size: %"OFF_FMT"d (%"OFF_FMT"x)\n", sz, sz); */
#  define OFF_FMT "l"
# else
/* "long" is too short, need "long long" */
typedef unsigned long long uoff_t;
#  define XATOOFF(a) xatoull_range((a), 0, LLONG_MAX)
#  define BB_STRTOOFF bb_strtoull
#  define STRTOOFF strtoull
#  define OFF_FMT "ll"
# endif
#else
/* CONFIG_LFS is off */
# if UINT_MAX == 0xffffffff
/* While sizeof(off_t) == sizeof(int), off_t is typedef'ed to long anyway.
 * gcc will throw warnings on printf("%d", off_t). Crap... */
typedef unsigned long uoff_t;
#  define XATOOFF(a) xatoi_positive(a)
#  define BB_STRTOOFF bb_strtou
#  define STRTOOFF strtol
#  define OFF_FMT "l"
# else
typedef unsigned long uoff_t;
#  define XATOOFF(a) xatoul_range((a), 0, LONG_MAX)
#  define BB_STRTOOFF bb_strtoul
#  define STRTOOFF strtol
#  define OFF_FMT "l"
# endif
#endif
/* scary. better ideas? (but do *test* them first!) */
#define OFF_T_MAX  ((off_t)~((off_t)1 << (sizeof(off_t)*8-1)))
/* Users report bionic to use 32-bit off_t even if LARGEFILE support is requested.
 * We misdetected that. Don't let it build:
 */
struct BUG_off_t_size_is_misdetected {
	char BUG_off_t_size_is_misdetected[sizeof(off_t) == sizeof(uoff_t) ? 1 : -1];
};

/* Some useful definitions */
#undef FALSE
#define FALSE   ((int) 0)
#undef TRUE
#define TRUE    ((int) 1)
#undef SKIP
#define SKIP	((int) 2)

/* Macros for min/max.  */
#ifndef MIN
#define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))
#endif

#ifndef MAX
#define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
#endif

/* buffer allocation schemes */
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_BUFFERS_GO_ON_STACK
#define RESERVE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buffer,len)  char buffer[len]
#define RESERVE_CONFIG_UBUFFER(buffer,len) unsigned char buffer[len]
#define RELEASE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buffer)      ((void)0)
#else
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_BUFFERS_GO_IN_BSS
#define RESERVE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buffer,len)  static          char buffer[len]
#define RESERVE_CONFIG_UBUFFER(buffer,len) static unsigned char buffer[len]
#define RELEASE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buffer)      ((void)0)
#else
#define RESERVE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buffer,len)  char *buffer = xmalloc(len)
#define RESERVE_CONFIG_UBUFFER(buffer,len) unsigned char *buffer = xmalloc(len)
#define RELEASE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buffer)      free(buffer)
#endif
#endif

#if defined(__GLIBC__)
/* glibc uses __errno_location() to get a ptr to errno */
/* We can just memorize it once - no multithreading in busybox :) */
extern int *const bb_errno;
#undef errno
#define errno (*bb_errno)
#endif

#if !(ULONG_MAX > 0xffffffff)
/* Only 32-bit CPUs need this, 64-bit ones use inlined version */
uint64_t bb_bswap_64(uint64_t x) FAST_FUNC;
#endif

unsigned long FAST_FUNC isqrt(unsigned long long N);

unsigned long long monotonic_ns(void) FAST_FUNC;
unsigned long long monotonic_us(void) FAST_FUNC;
unsigned long long monotonic_ms(void) FAST_FUNC;
unsigned monotonic_sec(void) FAST_FUNC;

extern void chomp(char *s) FAST_FUNC;
extern char *trim(char *s) FAST_FUNC;
extern char *skip_whitespace(const char *) FAST_FUNC;
extern char *skip_non_whitespace(const char *) FAST_FUNC;
extern char *skip_dev_pfx(const char *tty_name) FAST_FUNC;

extern char *strrstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle) FAST_FUNC;

/* dmalloc will redefine these to it's own implementation. It is safe
 * to have the prototypes here unconditionally.  */
void *malloc_or_warn(size_t size) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
void *xmalloc(size_t size) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
void *xzalloc(size_t size) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
void *xrealloc(void *old, size_t size) FAST_FUNC;
/* After v = xrealloc_vector(v, SHIFT, idx) it's ok to use
 * at least v[idx] and v[idx+1], for all idx values.
 * SHIFT specifies how many new elements are added (1:2, 2:4, ..., 8:256...)
 * when all elements are used up. New elements are zeroed out.
 * xrealloc_vector(v, SHIFT, idx) *MUST* be called with consecutive IDXs -
 * skipping an index is a bad bug - it may miss a realloc!
 */
#define xrealloc_vector(vector, shift, idx) \
	xrealloc_vector_helper((vector), (sizeof((vector)[0]) << 8) + (shift), (idx))
void* xrealloc_vector_helper(void *vector, unsigned sizeof_and_shift, int idx) FAST_FUNC;
char *xstrdup(const char *s) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
char *xstrndup(const char *s, int n) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
void *xmemdup(const void *s, int n) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;


//TODO: supply a pointer to char[11] buffer (avoid statics)?
extern const char *bb_mode_string(mode_t mode) FAST_FUNC;
extern int is_directory(const char *name, int followLinks) FAST_FUNC;
enum {	/* cp.c, mv.c, install.c depend on these values. CAREFUL when changing them! */
	FILEUTILS_PRESERVE_STATUS = 1 << 0, /* -p */
	FILEUTILS_DEREFERENCE     = 1 << 1, /* !-d */
	FILEUTILS_RECUR           = 1 << 2, /* -R */
	FILEUTILS_FORCE           = 1 << 3, /* -f */
	FILEUTILS_INTERACTIVE     = 1 << 4, /* -i */
	FILEUTILS_MAKE_HARDLINK   = 1 << 5, /* -l */
	FILEUTILS_MAKE_SOFTLINK   = 1 << 6, /* -s */
	FILEUTILS_DEREF_SOFTLINK  = 1 << 7, /* -L */
	FILEUTILS_DEREFERENCE_L0  = 1 << 8, /* -H */
	/* -a = -pdR (mapped in cp.c) */
	/* -r = -dR  (mapped in cp.c) */
	/* -P = -d   (mapped in cp.c) */
	FILEUTILS_VERBOSE         = (1 << 12) * ENABLE_FEATURE_VERBOSE,	/* -v */
	FILEUTILS_UPDATE          = 1 << 13, /* -u */
	FILEUTILS_NO_TARGET_DIR	  = 1 << 14, /* -T */
#if ENABLE_SELINUX
	FILEUTILS_PRESERVE_SECURITY_CONTEXT = 1 << 15, /* -c */
#endif
	FILEUTILS_RMDEST          = 1 << (16 - !ENABLE_SELINUX), /* --remove-destination */
	/* bit 17 skipped for "cp --parents" */
	FILEUTILS_REFLINK         = 1 << (18 - !ENABLE_SELINUX), /* cp --reflink=auto */
	FILEUTILS_REFLINK_ALWAYS  = 1 << (19 - !ENABLE_SELINUX), /* cp --reflink[=always] */
	/*
	 * Hole. cp may have some bits set here,
	 * they should not affect remove_file()/copy_file()
	 */
#if ENABLE_SELINUX
	FILEUTILS_SET_SECURITY_CONTEXT = 1 << 30,
#endif
	FILEUTILS_IGNORE_CHMOD_ERR = 1 << 31,
};
#define FILEUTILS_CP_OPTSTR "pdRfilsLHarPvuT" IF_SELINUX("c")
extern int remove_file(const char *path, int flags) FAST_FUNC;
/* NB: without FILEUTILS_RECUR in flags, it will basically "cat"
 * the source, not copy (unless "source" is a directory).
 * This makes "cp /dev/null file" and "install /dev/null file" (!!!)
 * work coreutils-compatibly. */
extern int copy_file(const char *source, const char *dest, int flags) FAST_FUNC;

enum {
	ACTION_RECURSE        = (1 << 0),
	ACTION_FOLLOWLINKS    = (1 << 1),
	ACTION_FOLLOWLINKS_L0 = (1 << 2),
	ACTION_DEPTHFIRST     = (1 << 3),
	/*ACTION_REVERSE      = (1 << 4), - unused */
	ACTION_QUIET          = (1 << 5),
	ACTION_DANGLING_OK    = (1 << 6),
};
typedef uint8_t recurse_flags_t;
extern int recursive_action(const char *fileName, unsigned flags,
	int FAST_FUNC (*fileAction)(const char *fileName, struct stat* statbuf, void* userData, int depth),
	int FAST_FUNC (*dirAction)(const char *fileName, struct stat* statbuf, void* userData, int depth),
	void* userData, unsigned depth) FAST_FUNC;
extern int device_open(const char *device, int mode) FAST_FUNC;
enum { GETPTY_BUFSIZE = 16 }; /* more than enough for "/dev/ttyXXX" */
extern int xgetpty(char *line) FAST_FUNC;
extern int get_console_fd_or_die(void) FAST_FUNC;
extern void console_make_active(int fd, const int vt_num) FAST_FUNC;
extern char *find_block_device(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
/* bb_copyfd_XX print read/write errors and return -1 if they occur */
extern off_t bb_copyfd_eof(int fd1, int fd2) FAST_FUNC;
extern off_t bb_copyfd_size(int fd1, int fd2, off_t size) FAST_FUNC;
extern void bb_copyfd_exact_size(int fd1, int fd2, off_t size) FAST_FUNC;
/* "short" copy can be detected by return value < size */
/* this helper yells "short read!" if param is not -1 */
extern void complain_copyfd_and_die(off_t sz) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;

extern char bb_process_escape_sequence(const char **ptr) FAST_FUNC;
char* strcpy_and_process_escape_sequences(char *dst, const char *src) FAST_FUNC;
/* xxxx_strip version can modify its parameter:
 * "/"        -> "/"
 * "abc"      -> "abc"
 * "abc/def"  -> "def"
 * "abc/def/" -> "def" !!
 */
char *bb_get_last_path_component_strip(char *path) FAST_FUNC;
/* "abc/def/" -> "" and it never modifies 'path' */
char *bb_get_last_path_component_nostrip(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
/* Simpler version: does not special case "/" string */
const char *bb_basename(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
/* NB: can violate const-ness (similarly to strchr) */
char *last_char_is(const char *s, int c) FAST_FUNC;
const char* endofname(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
char *is_prefixed_with(const char *string, const char *key) FAST_FUNC;
char *is_suffixed_with(const char *string, const char *key) FAST_FUNC;

int ndelay_on(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
int ndelay_off(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
void close_on_exec_on(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
void xdup2(int, int) FAST_FUNC;
void xmove_fd(int, int) FAST_FUNC;


DIR *xopendir(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
DIR *warn_opendir(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;

char *xmalloc_realpath(const char *path) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
char *xmalloc_realpath_coreutils(const char *path) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
char *xmalloc_readlink(const char *path) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
char *xmalloc_readlink_or_warn(const char *path) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* !RETURNS_MALLOC: it's a realloc-like function */
char *xrealloc_getcwd_or_warn(char *cwd) FAST_FUNC;

char *xmalloc_follow_symlinks(const char *path) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;


enum {
	/* bb_signals(BB_FATAL_SIGS, handler) catches all signals which
	 * otherwise would kill us, except for those resulting from bugs:
	 * SIGSEGV, SIGILL, SIGFPE.
	 * Other fatal signals not included (TODO?):
	 * SIGBUS   Bus error (bad memory access)
	 * SIGPOLL  Pollable event. Synonym of SIGIO
	 * SIGPROF  Profiling timer expired
	 * SIGSYS   Bad argument to routine
	 * SIGTRAP  Trace/breakpoint trap
	 *
	 * The only known arch with some of these sigs not fitting
	 * into 32 bits is parisc (SIGXCPU=33, SIGXFSZ=34, SIGSTKFLT=36).
	 * Dance around with long long to guard against that...
	 */
	BB_FATAL_SIGS = (int)(0
		+ (1LL << SIGHUP)
		+ (1LL << SIGINT)
		+ (1LL << SIGTERM)
		+ (1LL << SIGPIPE)   // Write to pipe with no readers
		+ (1LL << SIGQUIT)   // Quit from keyboard
		+ (1LL << SIGABRT)   // Abort signal from abort(3)
		+ (1LL << SIGALRM)   // Timer signal from alarm(2)
		+ (1LL << SIGVTALRM) // Virtual alarm clock
		+ (1LL << SIGXCPU)   // CPU time limit exceeded
		+ (1LL << SIGXFSZ)   // File size limit exceeded
		+ (1LL << SIGUSR1)   // Yes kids, these are also fatal!
		+ (1LL << SIGUSR2)
		+ 0),
};
void bb_signals(int sigs, void (*f)(int)) FAST_FUNC;
/* Unlike signal() and bb_signals, sets handler with sigaction()
 * and in a way that while signal handler is run, no other signals
 * will be blocked; syscalls will not be restarted: */
void bb_signals_recursive_norestart(int sigs, void (*f)(int)) FAST_FUNC;
/* syscalls like read() will be interrupted with EINTR: */
void signal_no_SA_RESTART_empty_mask(int sig, void (*handler)(int)) FAST_FUNC;
/* syscalls like read() won't be interrupted (though select/poll will be): */
void signal_SA_RESTART_empty_mask(int sig, void (*handler)(int)) FAST_FUNC;
void wait_for_any_sig(void) FAST_FUNC;
void kill_myself_with_sig(int sig) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void sig_block(int sig) FAST_FUNC;
void sig_unblock(int sig) FAST_FUNC;
/* Will do sigaction(signum, act, NULL): */
int sigaction_set(int sig, const struct sigaction *act) FAST_FUNC;
/* SIG_BLOCK/SIG_UNBLOCK all signals: */
int sigprocmask_allsigs(int how) FAST_FUNC;
/* Return old set in the same set: */
int sigprocmask2(int how, sigset_t *set) FAST_FUNC;
/* Standard handler which just records signo */
extern smallint bb_got_signal;
void record_signo(int signo); /* not FAST_FUNC! */


void xsetgid(gid_t gid) FAST_FUNC;
void xsetuid(uid_t uid) FAST_FUNC;
void xsetegid(gid_t egid) FAST_FUNC;
void xseteuid(uid_t euid) FAST_FUNC;
void xchdir(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
void xfchdir(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
void xchroot(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
void xsetenv(const char *key, const char *value) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_unsetenv(const char *key) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_unsetenv_and_free(char *key) FAST_FUNC;
void xunlink(const char *pathname) FAST_FUNC;
void xstat(const char *pathname, struct stat *buf) FAST_FUNC;
void xfstat(int fd, struct stat *buf, const char *errmsg) FAST_FUNC;
int open3_or_warn(const char *pathname, int flags, int mode) FAST_FUNC;
int open_or_warn(const char *pathname, int flags) FAST_FUNC;
int xopen3(const char *pathname, int flags, int mode) FAST_FUNC;
int xopen(const char *pathname, int flags) FAST_FUNC;
int xopen_nonblocking(const char *pathname) FAST_FUNC;
int xopen_as_uid_gid(const char *pathname, int flags, uid_t u, gid_t g) FAST_FUNC;
int open_or_warn_stdin(const char *pathname) FAST_FUNC;
int xopen_stdin(const char *pathname) FAST_FUNC;
void xrename(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath) FAST_FUNC;
int rename_or_warn(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath) FAST_FUNC;
off_t xlseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence) FAST_FUNC;
int xmkstemp(char *template) FAST_FUNC;
off_t fdlength(int fd) FAST_FUNC;

uoff_t FAST_FUNC get_volume_size_in_bytes(int fd,
		const char *override,
		unsigned override_units,
		int extend);

void xpipe(int filedes[2]) FAST_FUNC;
/* In this form code with pipes is much more readable */
struct fd_pair { int rd; int wr; };
#define piped_pair(pair)  pipe(&((pair).rd))
#define xpiped_pair(pair) xpipe(&((pair).rd))

/* Useful for having small structure members/global variables */
typedef int8_t socktype_t;
typedef int8_t family_t;
struct BUG_too_small {
	char BUG_socktype_t_too_small[(0
			| SOCK_STREAM
			| SOCK_DGRAM
			| SOCK_RDM
			| SOCK_SEQPACKET
			| SOCK_RAW
			) <= 127 ? 1 : -1];
	char BUG_family_t_too_small[(0
			| AF_UNSPEC
			| AF_INET
			| AF_INET6
			| AF_UNIX
#ifdef AF_PACKET
			| AF_PACKET
#endif
#ifdef AF_NETLINK
			| AF_NETLINK
#endif
			/* | AF_DECnet */
			/* | AF_IPX */
			) <= 127 ? 1 : -1];
};


void parse_datestr(const char *date_str, struct tm *ptm) FAST_FUNC;
time_t validate_tm_time(const char *date_str, struct tm *ptm) FAST_FUNC;
char *strftime_HHMMSS(char *buf, unsigned len, time_t *tp) FAST_FUNC;
char *strftime_YYYYMMDDHHMMSS(char *buf, unsigned len, time_t *tp) FAST_FUNC;

int xsocket(int domain, int type, int protocol) FAST_FUNC;
void xbind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *my_addr, socklen_t addrlen) FAST_FUNC;
void xlisten(int s, int backlog) FAST_FUNC;
void xconnect(int s, const struct sockaddr *s_addr, socklen_t addrlen) FAST_FUNC;
ssize_t xsendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, const struct sockaddr *to,
				socklen_t tolen) FAST_FUNC;

int setsockopt_int(int fd, int level, int optname, int optval) FAST_FUNC;
int setsockopt_1(int fd, int level, int optname) FAST_FUNC;
int setsockopt_SOL_SOCKET_int(int fd, int optname, int optval) FAST_FUNC;
int setsockopt_SOL_SOCKET_1(int fd, int optname) FAST_FUNC;
/* SO_REUSEADDR allows a server to rebind to an address that is already
 * "in use" by old connections to e.g. previous server instance which is
 * killed or crashed. Without it bind will fail until all such connections
 * time out. Linux does not allow multiple live binds on same ip:port
 * regardless of SO_REUSEADDR (unlike some other flavors of Unix).
 * Turn it on before you call bind(). */
void setsockopt_reuseaddr(int fd) FAST_FUNC; /* On Linux this never fails. */
int setsockopt_keepalive(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
int setsockopt_broadcast(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
int setsockopt_bindtodevice(int fd, const char *iface) FAST_FUNC;
int bb_getsockname(int sockfd, void *addr, socklen_t addrlen) FAST_FUNC;
/* NB: returns port in host byte order */
unsigned bb_lookup_port(const char *port, const char *protocol, unsigned default_port) FAST_FUNC;
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_ETC_SERVICES
# define bb_lookup_std_port(portstr, protocol, portnum) bb_lookup_port(portstr, protocol, portnum)
#else
# define bb_lookup_std_port(portstr, protocol, portnum) (portnum)
#endif
typedef struct len_and_sockaddr {
	socklen_t len;
	union {
		struct sockaddr sa;
		struct sockaddr_in sin;
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6
		struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
#endif
	} u;
} len_and_sockaddr;
enum {
	LSA_LEN_SIZE = offsetof(len_and_sockaddr, u),
	LSA_SIZEOF_SA = sizeof(
		union {
			struct sockaddr sa;
			struct sockaddr_in sin;
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6
			struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
#endif
		}
	)
};
/* Create stream socket, and allocate suitable lsa.
 * (lsa of correct size and lsa->sa.sa_family (AF_INET/AF_INET6))
 * af == AF_UNSPEC will result in trying to create IPv6 socket,
 * and if kernel doesn't support it, fall back to IPv4.
 * This is useful if you plan to bind to resulting local lsa.
 */
int xsocket_type(len_and_sockaddr **lsap, int af, int sock_type) FAST_FUNC;
int xsocket_stream(len_and_sockaddr **lsap) FAST_FUNC;
/* Create server socket bound to bindaddr:port. bindaddr can be NULL,
 * numeric IP ("N.N.N.N") or numeric IPv6 address,
 * and can have ":PORT" suffix (for IPv6 use "[X:X:...:X]:PORT").
 * Only if there is no suffix, port argument is used */
/* NB: these set SO_REUSEADDR before bind */
int create_and_bind_stream_or_die(const char *bindaddr, int port) FAST_FUNC;
int create_and_bind_dgram_or_die(const char *bindaddr, int port) FAST_FUNC;
int create_and_bind_to_netlink(int proto, int grp, unsigned rcvbuf) FAST_FUNC;
/* Create client TCP socket connected to peer:port. Peer cannot be NULL.
 * Peer can be numeric IP ("N.N.N.N"), numeric IPv6 address or hostname,
 * and can have ":PORT" suffix (for IPv6 use "[X:X:...:X]:PORT").
 * If there is no suffix, port argument is used */
int create_and_connect_stream_or_die(const char *peer, int port) FAST_FUNC;
/* Connect to peer identified by lsa */
int xconnect_stream(const len_and_sockaddr *lsa) FAST_FUNC;
/* Get local address of bound or accepted socket */
len_and_sockaddr *get_sock_lsa(int fd) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Get remote address of connected or accepted socket */
len_and_sockaddr *get_peer_lsa(int fd) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Return malloc'ed len_and_sockaddr with socket address of host:port
 * Currently will return IPv4 or IPv6 sockaddrs only
 * (depending on host), but in theory nothing prevents e.g.
 * UNIX socket address being returned, IPX sockaddr etc...
 * On error does bb_error_msg and returns NULL */
len_and_sockaddr* host2sockaddr(const char *host, int port) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Version which dies on error */
len_and_sockaddr* xhost2sockaddr(const char *host, int port) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
len_and_sockaddr* xdotted2sockaddr(const char *host, int port) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Same, useful if you want to force family (e.g. IPv6) */
#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6
#define host_and_af2sockaddr(host, port, af) host2sockaddr((host), (port))
#define xhost_and_af2sockaddr(host, port, af) xhost2sockaddr((host), (port))
#else
len_and_sockaddr* host_and_af2sockaddr(const char *host, int port, sa_family_t af) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
len_and_sockaddr* xhost_and_af2sockaddr(const char *host, int port, sa_family_t af) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
#endif
/* Assign sin[6]_port member if the socket is an AF_INET[6] one,
 * otherwise no-op. Useful for ftp.
 * NB: does NOT do htons() internally, just direct assignment. */
void set_nport(struct sockaddr *sa, unsigned port) FAST_FUNC;
/* Retrieve sin[6]_port or return -1 for non-INET[6] lsa's */
int get_nport(const struct sockaddr *sa) FAST_FUNC;
/* Reverse DNS. Returns NULL on failure. */
char* xmalloc_sockaddr2host(const struct sockaddr *sa) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* This one doesn't append :PORTNUM */
char* xmalloc_sockaddr2host_noport(const struct sockaddr *sa) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* This one also doesn't fall back to dotted IP (returns NULL) */
char* xmalloc_sockaddr2hostonly_noport(const struct sockaddr *sa) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* inet_[ap]ton on steroids */
char* xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted(const struct sockaddr *sa) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
char* xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted_noport(const struct sockaddr *sa) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
// "old" (ipv4 only) API
// users: traceroute.c hostname.c - use _list_ of all IPs
struct hostent *xgethostbyname(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
// Also mount.c and inetd.c are using gethostbyname(),
// + inet_common.c has additional IPv4-only stuff


struct tls_aes {
	uint32_t key[60];
	unsigned rounds;
};
#define TLS_MAX_MAC_SIZE 32
#define TLS_MAX_KEY_SIZE 32
#define TLS_MAX_IV_SIZE   4
struct tls_handshake_data; /* opaque */
typedef struct tls_state {
	unsigned flags;

	int ofd;
	int ifd;

	unsigned min_encrypted_len_on_read;
	uint16_t cipher_id;
	unsigned MAC_size;
	unsigned key_size;
	unsigned IV_size;

	uint8_t *outbuf;
	int     outbuf_size;

	int     inbuf_size;
	int     ofs_to_buffered;
	int     buffered_size;
	uint8_t *inbuf;

	struct tls_handshake_data *hsd;

	// RFC 5246
	// sequence number
	//   Each connection state contains a sequence number, which is
	//   maintained separately for read and write states.  The sequence
	//   number MUST be set to zero whenever a connection state is made the
	//   active state.  Sequence numbers are of type uint64 and may not
	//   exceed 2^64-1.
	/*uint64_t read_seq64_be;*/
	uint64_t write_seq64_be;

	/*uint8_t *server_write_MAC_key;*/
	uint8_t *client_write_key;
	uint8_t *server_write_key;
	uint8_t *client_write_IV;
	uint8_t *server_write_IV;
	uint8_t client_write_MAC_key[TLS_MAX_MAC_SIZE];
	uint8_t server_write_MAC_k__[TLS_MAX_MAC_SIZE];
	uint8_t client_write_k__[TLS_MAX_KEY_SIZE];
	uint8_t server_write_k__[TLS_MAX_KEY_SIZE];
	uint8_t client_write_I_[TLS_MAX_IV_SIZE];
	uint8_t server_write_I_[TLS_MAX_IV_SIZE];

	struct tls_aes aes_encrypt;
	struct tls_aes aes_decrypt;
	uint8_t H[16]; //used by AES_GCM
} tls_state_t;

static inline tls_state_t *new_tls_state(void)
{
	tls_state_t *tls = xzalloc(sizeof(*tls));
	return tls;
}
void tls_handshake(tls_state_t *tls, const char *sni) FAST_FUNC;
#define TLSLOOP_EXIT_ON_LOCAL_EOF (1 << 0)
void tls_run_copy_loop(tls_state_t *tls, unsigned flags) FAST_FUNC;


void socket_want_pktinfo(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
ssize_t send_to_from(int fd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
		const struct sockaddr *to,
		const struct sockaddr *from,
		socklen_t tolen) FAST_FUNC;
ssize_t recv_from_to(int fd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
		struct sockaddr *from,
		struct sockaddr *to,
		socklen_t sa_size) FAST_FUNC;

uint16_t inet_cksum(uint16_t *addr, int len) FAST_FUNC;
int parse_pasv_epsv(char *buf) FAST_FUNC;

/* 0 if argv[0] is NULL: */
unsigned string_array_len(char **argv) FAST_FUNC;
void overlapping_strcpy(char *dst, const char *src) FAST_FUNC;
char *safe_strncpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t size) FAST_FUNC;
char *strncpy_IFNAMSIZ(char *dst, const char *src) FAST_FUNC;
unsigned count_strstr(const char *str, const char *sub) FAST_FUNC;
char *xmalloc_substitute_string(const char *src, int count, const char *sub, const char *repl) FAST_FUNC;
/* Guaranteed to NOT be a macro (smallest code). Saves nearly 2k on uclibc.
 * But potentially slow, don't use in one-billion-times loops */
int bb_putchar(int ch) FAST_FUNC;
/* Note: does not use stdio, writes to fd 2 directly */
int bb_putchar_stderr(char ch) FAST_FUNC;
char *xasprintf(const char *format, ...) __attribute__ ((format(printf, 1, 2))) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
char *auto_string(char *str) FAST_FUNC;
// gcc-4.1.1 still isn't good enough at optimizing it
// (+200 bytes compared to macro)
//static ALWAYS_INLINE
//int LONE_DASH(const char *s) { return s[0] == '-' && !s[1]; }
//static ALWAYS_INLINE
//int NOT_LONE_DASH(const char *s) { return s[0] != '-' || s[1]; }
#define LONE_DASH(s)     ((s)[0] == '-' && !(s)[1])
#define NOT_LONE_DASH(s) ((s)[0] != '-' || (s)[1])
#define LONE_CHAR(s,c)     ((s)[0] == (c) && !(s)[1])
#define NOT_LONE_CHAR(s,c) ((s)[0] != (c) || (s)[1])
#define DOT_OR_DOTDOT(s) ((s)[0] == '.' && (!(s)[1] || ((s)[1] == '.' && !(s)[2])))

typedef struct uni_stat_t {
	unsigned byte_count;
	unsigned unicode_count;
	unsigned unicode_width;
} uni_stat_t;
/* Returns a string with unprintable chars replaced by '?' or
 * SUBST_WCHAR. This function is unicode-aware. */
const char* FAST_FUNC printable_string(const char *str);
const char* FAST_FUNC printable_string2(uni_stat_t *stats, const char *str);
/* Prints unprintable char ch as ^C or M-c to file
 * (M-c is used only if ch is ORed with PRINTABLE_META),
 * else it is printed as-is (except for ch = 0x9b) */
enum { PRINTABLE_META = 0x100 };
void fputc_printable(int ch, FILE *file) FAST_FUNC;
/* Return a string that is the printable representation of character ch.
 * Buffer must hold at least four characters. */
enum {
	VISIBLE_ENDLINE   = 1 << 0,
	VISIBLE_SHOW_TABS = 1 << 1,
};
void visible(unsigned ch, char *buf, int flags) FAST_FUNC;

extern ssize_t safe_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count) FAST_FUNC;
extern ssize_t nonblock_immune_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count) FAST_FUNC;
// NB: will return short read on error, not -1,
// if some data was read before error occurred
extern ssize_t full_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count) FAST_FUNC;
extern void xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t count) FAST_FUNC;
extern unsigned char xread_char(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
extern ssize_t read_close(int fd, void *buf, size_t maxsz) FAST_FUNC;
extern ssize_t open_read_close(const char *filename, void *buf, size_t maxsz) FAST_FUNC;
// Reads one line a-la fgets (but doesn't save terminating '\n').
// Reads byte-by-byte. Useful when it is important to not read ahead.
// Bytes are appended to pfx (which must be malloced, or NULL).
extern char *xmalloc_reads(int fd, size_t *maxsz_p) FAST_FUNC;
/* Reads block up to *maxsz_p (default: INT_MAX - 4095) */
extern void *xmalloc_read(int fd, size_t *maxsz_p) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
extern void *xmalloc_read_with_initial_buf(int fd, size_t *maxsz_p, char *buf, size_t total) FAST_FUNC;
/* Returns NULL if file can't be opened (default max size: INT_MAX - 4095) */
extern void *xmalloc_open_read_close(const char *filename, size_t *maxsz_p) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Never returns NULL */
extern void *xmalloc_xopen_read_close(const char *filename, size_t *maxsz_p) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;

#if defined(ARG_MAX) && (ARG_MAX >= 60*1024 || !defined(_SC_ARG_MAX))
/* Use _constant_ maximum if: defined && (big enough || no variable one exists) */
# define bb_arg_max() ((unsigned)ARG_MAX)
#elif defined(_SC_ARG_MAX)
/* Else use variable one (a bit more expensive) */
unsigned bb_arg_max(void) FAST_FUNC;
#else
/* If all else fails */
# define bb_arg_max() ((unsigned)(32 * 1024))
#endif
unsigned bb_clk_tck(void) FAST_FUNC;

#define SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION (0 \
 || ENABLE_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_XZ \
 || ENABLE_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_LZMA \
 || ENABLE_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_BZ2 \
 || ENABLE_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_GZ \
 || ENABLE_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_Z)

#if SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION
/* Autodetects gzip/bzip2 formats. fd may be in the middle of the file! */
int setup_unzip_on_fd(int fd, int fail_if_not_compressed) FAST_FUNC;
/* Autodetects .gz etc */
extern int open_zipped(const char *fname, int fail_if_not_compressed) FAST_FUNC;
extern void *xmalloc_open_zipped_read_close(const char *fname, size_t *maxsz_p) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
#else
# define setup_unzip_on_fd(...) (0)
# define open_zipped(fname, fail_if_not_compressed)  open((fname), O_RDONLY);
# define xmalloc_open_zipped_read_close(fname, maxsz_p) xmalloc_open_read_close((fname), (maxsz_p))
#endif
/* lzma has no signature, need a little helper. NB: exist only for ENABLE_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_LZMA=y */
void setup_lzma_on_fd(int fd) FAST_FUNC;

extern ssize_t safe_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count) FAST_FUNC;
// NB: will return short write on error, not -1,
// if some data was written before error occurred
extern ssize_t full_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count) FAST_FUNC;
extern void xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count) FAST_FUNC;
extern void xwrite_str(int fd, const char *str) FAST_FUNC;
extern ssize_t full_write1_str(const char *str) FAST_FUNC;
extern ssize_t full_write2_str(const char *str) FAST_FUNC;
extern void xopen_xwrite_close(const char* file, const char *str) FAST_FUNC;

/* Close fd, but check for failures (some types of write errors) */
extern void xclose(int fd) FAST_FUNC;

/* Reads and prints to stdout till eof, then closes FILE. Exits on error: */
extern void xprint_and_close_file(FILE *file) FAST_FUNC;

/* Reads a line from a text file, up to a newline or NUL byte, inclusive.
 * Returns malloc'ed char*. If end is NULL '\n' isn't considered
 * end of line. If end isn't NULL, length of the chunk is stored in it.
 * Returns NULL if EOF/error.
 */
extern char *bb_get_chunk_from_file(FILE *file, size_t *end) FAST_FUNC;
/* Reads up to (and including) TERMINATING_STRING: */
extern char *xmalloc_fgets_str(FILE *file, const char *terminating_string) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Same, with limited max size, and returns the length (excluding NUL): */
extern char *xmalloc_fgets_str_len(FILE *file, const char *terminating_string, size_t *maxsz_p) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Chops off TERMINATING_STRING from the end: */
extern char *xmalloc_fgetline_str(FILE *file, const char *terminating_string) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Reads up to (and including) "\n" or NUL byte: */
extern char *xmalloc_fgets(FILE *file) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Chops off '\n' from the end, unlike fgets: */
extern char *xmalloc_fgetline(FILE *file) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* Same, but doesn't try to conserve space (may have some slack after the end) */
/* extern char *xmalloc_fgetline_fast(FILE *file) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC; */

void die_if_ferror(FILE *file, const char *msg) FAST_FUNC;
void die_if_ferror_stdout(void) FAST_FUNC;
int fflush_all(void) FAST_FUNC;
void fflush_stdout_and_exit(int retval) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
int fclose_if_not_stdin(FILE *file) FAST_FUNC;
FILE* xfopen(const char *filename, const char *mode) FAST_FUNC;
/* Prints warning to stderr and returns NULL on failure: */
FILE* fopen_or_warn(const char *filename, const char *mode) FAST_FUNC;
/* "Opens" stdin if filename is special, else just opens file: */
FILE* xfopen_stdin(const char *filename) FAST_FUNC;
FILE* fopen_or_warn_stdin(const char *filename) FAST_FUNC;
FILE* fopen_for_read(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
FILE* xfopen_for_read(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
FILE* fopen_for_write(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
FILE* xfopen_for_write(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
FILE* xfdopen_for_read(int fd) FAST_FUNC;
FILE* xfdopen_for_write(int fd) FAST_FUNC;

int bb_pstrcmp(const void *a, const void *b) /* not FAST_FUNC! */;
void qsort_string_vector(char **sv, unsigned count) FAST_FUNC;

/* Wrapper which restarts poll on EINTR or ENOMEM.
 * On other errors complains [perror("poll")] and returns.
 * Warning! May take (much) longer than timeout_ms to return!
 * If this is a problem, use bare poll and open-code EINTR/ENOMEM handling */
int safe_poll(struct pollfd *ufds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout_ms) FAST_FUNC;

char *safe_gethostname(void) FAST_FUNC;

/* Convert each alpha char in str to lower-case */
char* str_tolower(char *str) FAST_FUNC;

char *utoa(unsigned n) FAST_FUNC;
char *itoa(int n) FAST_FUNC;
/* Returns a pointer past the formatted number, does NOT null-terminate */
char *utoa_to_buf(unsigned n, char *buf, unsigned buflen) FAST_FUNC;
char *itoa_to_buf(int n, char *buf, unsigned buflen) FAST_FUNC;
/* Intelligent formatters of bignums */
char *smart_ulltoa4(unsigned long long ul, char buf[4], const char *scale) FAST_FUNC;
char *smart_ulltoa5(unsigned long long ul, char buf[5], const char *scale) FAST_FUNC;
/* If block_size == 0, display size without fractional part,
 * else display (size * block_size) with one decimal digit.
 * If display_unit == 0, show value no bigger than 1024 with suffix (K,M,G...),
 * else divide by display_unit and do not use suffix. */
#define HUMAN_READABLE_MAX_WIDTH      7  /* "1024.0G" */
#define HUMAN_READABLE_MAX_WIDTH_STR "7"
//TODO: provide pointer to buf (avoid statics)?
const char *make_human_readable_str(unsigned long long size,
		unsigned long block_size, unsigned long display_unit) FAST_FUNC;
/* Put a string of hex bytes ("1b2e66fe"...), return advanced pointer */
char *bin2hex(char *dst, const char *src, int count) FAST_FUNC;
/* Reverse */
char* hex2bin(char *dst, const char *src, int count) FAST_FUNC;

/* Generate a UUID */
void generate_uuid(uint8_t *buf) FAST_FUNC;

/* Last element is marked by mult == 0 */
struct suffix_mult {
	char suffix[4];
	unsigned mult;
};
extern const struct suffix_mult bkm_suffixes[];
#define km_suffixes (bkm_suffixes + 1)
extern const struct suffix_mult cwbkMG_suffixes[];
#define kMG_suffixes (cwbkMG_suffixes + 3)
extern const struct suffix_mult kmg_i_suffixes[];

#include "xatonum.h"
/* Specialized: */

/* Using xatoi() instead of naive atoi() is not always convenient -
 * in many places people want *non-negative* values, but store them
 * in signed int. Therefore we need this one:
 * dies if input is not in [0, INT_MAX] range. Also will reject '-0' etc.
 * It should really be named xatoi_nonnegative (since it allows 0),
 * but that would be too long.
 */
int xatoi_positive(const char *numstr) FAST_FUNC;

/* Useful for reading port numbers */
uint16_t xatou16(const char *numstr) FAST_FUNC;

#if ENABLE_FLOAT_DURATION
typedef double duration_t;
void sleep_for_duration(duration_t duration) FAST_FUNC;
#define DURATION_FMT "f"
#else
typedef unsigned duration_t;
#define sleep_for_duration(duration) sleep(duration)
#define DURATION_FMT "u"
#endif
duration_t parse_duration_str(char *str) FAST_FUNC;

/* These parse entries in /etc/passwd and /etc/group.  This is desirable
 * for BusyBox since we want to avoid using the glibc NSS stuff, which
 * increases target size and is often not needed on embedded systems.  */
long xuname2uid(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
long xgroup2gid(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
/* wrapper: allows string to contain numeric uid or gid */
unsigned long get_ug_id(const char *s, long FAST_FUNC (*xname2id)(const char *)) FAST_FUNC;
struct bb_uidgid_t {
	uid_t uid;
	gid_t gid;
};
/* always sets uid and gid; returns 0 on failure */
int get_uidgid(struct bb_uidgid_t*, const char*) FAST_FUNC;
/* always sets uid and gid; exits on failure */
void xget_uidgid(struct bb_uidgid_t*, const char*) FAST_FUNC;
/* chown-like handling of "user[:[group]" */
void parse_chown_usergroup_or_die(struct bb_uidgid_t *u, char *user_group) FAST_FUNC;
struct passwd* xgetpwnam(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
struct group* xgetgrnam(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
struct passwd* xgetpwuid(uid_t uid) FAST_FUNC;
struct group* xgetgrgid(gid_t gid) FAST_FUNC;
char* xuid2uname(uid_t uid) FAST_FUNC;
char* xgid2group(gid_t gid) FAST_FUNC;
char* uid2uname(uid_t uid) FAST_FUNC;
char* gid2group(gid_t gid) FAST_FUNC;
char* uid2uname_utoa(uid_t uid) FAST_FUNC;
char* gid2group_utoa(gid_t gid) FAST_FUNC;
/* versions which cache results (useful for ps, ls etc) */
const char* get_cached_username(uid_t uid) FAST_FUNC;
const char* get_cached_groupname(gid_t gid) FAST_FUNC;
void clear_username_cache(void) FAST_FUNC;
/* internally usernames are saved in fixed-sized char[] buffers */
enum { USERNAME_MAX_SIZE = 32 - sizeof(uid_t) };
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_CHECK_NAMES
void die_if_bad_username(const char* name) FAST_FUNC;
#else
#define die_if_bad_username(name) ((void)(name))
#endif
/*
 * Returns (-1) terminated malloced result of getgroups().
 * Reallocs group_array (useful for repeated calls).
 * ngroups is an initial size of array. It is rounded up to 32 for realloc.
 * ngroups is updated on return.
 * ngroups can be NULL: bb_getgroups(NULL, NULL) is valid usage.
 * Dies on errors (on Linux, only xrealloc can cause this, not internal getgroups call).
 */
gid_t *bb_getgroups(int *ngroups, gid_t *group_array) FAST_FUNC;

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_UTMP
void FAST_FUNC write_new_utmp(pid_t pid, int new_type, const char *tty_name, const char *username, const char *hostname);
void FAST_FUNC update_utmp(pid_t pid, int new_type, const char *tty_name, const char *username, const char *hostname);
void FAST_FUNC update_utmp_DEAD_PROCESS(pid_t pid);
#else
# define write_new_utmp(pid, new_type, tty_name, username, hostname) ((void)0)
# define update_utmp(pid, new_type, tty_name, username, hostname) ((void)0)
# define update_utmp_DEAD_PROCESS(pid) ((void)0)
#endif


int file_is_executable(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
char *find_executable(const char *filename, char **PATHp) FAST_FUNC;
int executable_exists(const char *filename) FAST_FUNC;

/* BB_EXECxx always execs (it's not doing NOFORK/NOEXEC stuff),
 * but it may exec busybox and call applet instead of searching PATH.
 */
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS
int BB_EXECVP(const char *file, char *const argv[]) FAST_FUNC;
#define BB_EXECLP(prog,cmd,...) \
	do { \
		if (find_applet_by_name(prog) >= 0) \
			execlp(bb_busybox_exec_path, cmd, __VA_ARGS__); \
		execlp(prog, cmd, __VA_ARGS__); \
	} while (0)
#else
#define BB_EXECVP(prog,cmd)     execvp(prog,cmd)
#define BB_EXECLP(prog,cmd,...) execlp(prog,cmd,__VA_ARGS__)
#endif
void BB_EXECVP_or_die(char **argv) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void exec_prog_or_SHELL(char **argv) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;

/* xvfork() can't be a _function_, return after vfork in child mangles stack
 * in the parent. It must be a macro. */
#define xvfork() \
({ \
	pid_t bb__xvfork_pid = vfork(); \
	if (bb__xvfork_pid < 0) \
		bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die("vfork"); \
	bb__xvfork_pid; \
})
#if BB_MMU
pid_t xfork(void) FAST_FUNC;
#endif
void xvfork_parent_waits_and_exits(void) FAST_FUNC;

/* NOMMU friendy fork+exec: */
pid_t spawn(char **argv) FAST_FUNC;
pid_t xspawn(char **argv) FAST_FUNC;

pid_t safe_waitpid(pid_t pid, int *wstat, int options) FAST_FUNC;
pid_t wait_any_nohang(int *wstat) FAST_FUNC;
/* wait4pid: unlike waitpid, waits ONLY for one process.
 * Returns sig + 0x180 if child is killed by signal.
 * It's safe to pass negative 'pids' from failed [v]fork -
 * wait4pid will return -1 (and will not clobber [v]fork's errno).
 * IOW: rc = wait4pid(spawn(argv));
 *      if (rc < 0) bb_perror_msg("%s", argv[0]);
 *      if (rc > 0) bb_error_msg("exit code: %d", rc & 0xff);
 */
int wait4pid(pid_t pid) FAST_FUNC;
int wait_for_exitstatus(pid_t pid) FAST_FUNC;
/************************************************************************/
/* spawn_and_wait/run_nofork_applet/run_applet_no_and_exit need to work */
/* carefully together to reinit some global state while not disturbing  */
/* other. Be careful if you change them. Consult docs/nofork_noexec.txt */
/************************************************************************/
/* Same as wait4pid(spawn(argv)), but with NOFORK/NOEXEC if configured: */
int spawn_and_wait(char **argv) FAST_FUNC;
/* Does NOT check that applet is NOFORK, just blindly runs it */
int run_nofork_applet(int applet_no, char **argv) FAST_FUNC;
void run_noexec_applet_and_exit(int a, const char *name, char **argv) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
#ifndef BUILD_INDIVIDUAL
int find_applet_by_name(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
void run_applet_no_and_exit(int a, const char *name, char **argv) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
void set_task_comm(const char *comm) FAST_FUNC;
#else
# define set_task_comm(name) ((void)0)
#endif

/* Helpers for daemonization.
 *
 * bb_daemonize(flags) = daemonize, does not compile on NOMMU
 *
 * bb_daemonize_or_rexec(flags, argv) = daemonizes on MMU (and ignores argv),
 *      rexec's itself on NOMMU with argv passed as command line.
 * Thus bb_daemonize_or_rexec may cause your <applet>_main() to be re-executed
 * from the start. (It will detect it and not reexec again second time).
 * You have to audit carefully that you don't do something twice as a result
 * (opening files/sockets, parsing config files etc...)!
 *
 * Both of the above will redirect fd 0,1,2 to /dev/null and drop ctty
 * (will do setsid()).
 *
 * fork_or_rexec(argv) = bare-bones fork on MMU,
 *      "vfork + re-exec ourself" on NOMMU. No fd redirection, no setsid().
 *      On MMU ignores argv.
 *
 * Helper for network daemons in foreground mode:
 *
 * bb_sanitize_stdio() = make sure that fd 0,1,2 are opened by opening them
 * to /dev/null if they are not.
 */
enum {
	DAEMON_CHDIR_ROOT      = 1 << 0,
	DAEMON_DEVNULL_STDIO   = 1 << 1,
	DAEMON_CLOSE_EXTRA_FDS = 1 << 2,
	DAEMON_ONLY_SANITIZE   = 1 << 3, /* internal use */
	//DAEMON_DOUBLE_FORK     = 1 << 4, /* double fork to avoid controlling tty */
};
#if BB_MMU
  enum { re_execed = 0 };
# define fork_or_rexec(argv)                xfork()
# define bb_daemonize_or_rexec(flags, argv) bb_daemonize_or_rexec(flags)
# define bb_daemonize(flags)                bb_daemonize_or_rexec(flags, bogus)
#else
  extern bool re_execed;
  /* Note: re_exec() and fork_or_rexec() do argv[0][0] |= 0x80 on NOMMU!
   * _Parent_ needs to undo it if it doesn't want to have argv[0] mangled.
   */
  void re_exec(char **argv) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
  pid_t fork_or_rexec(char **argv) FAST_FUNC;
  int  BUG_fork_is_unavailable_on_nommu(void) FAST_FUNC;
  int  BUG_daemon_is_unavailable_on_nommu(void) FAST_FUNC;
  void BUG_bb_daemonize_is_unavailable_on_nommu(void) FAST_FUNC;
# define fork()          BUG_fork_is_unavailable_on_nommu()
# define xfork()         BUG_fork_is_unavailable_on_nommu()
# define daemon(a,b)     BUG_daemon_is_unavailable_on_nommu()
# define bb_daemonize(a) BUG_bb_daemonize_is_unavailable_on_nommu()
#endif
void bb_daemonize_or_rexec(int flags, char **argv) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_sanitize_stdio(void) FAST_FUNC;
#define bb_daemon_helper(arg) bb_daemonize_or_rexec((arg) | DAEMON_ONLY_SANITIZE, NULL)
/* Clear dangerous stuff, set PATH. Return 1 if was run by different user. */
int sanitize_env_if_suid(void) FAST_FUNC;


/* For top, ps. Some argv[i] are replaced by malloced "-opt" strings */
void make_all_argv_opts(char **argv) FAST_FUNC;
char* single_argv(char **argv) FAST_FUNC;
extern const char *const bb_argv_dash[]; /* { "-", NULL } */
extern uint32_t option_mask32;
uint32_t getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...) FAST_FUNC;
# define No_argument "\0"
# define Required_argument "\001"
# define Optional_argument "\002"
#if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS
uint32_t getopt32long(char **argv, const char *optstring, const char *longopts, ...) FAST_FUNC;
#else
#define getopt32long(argv,optstring,longopts,...) \
	getopt32(argv,optstring,##__VA_ARGS__)
#endif
/* BSD-derived getopt() functions require that optind be set to 1 in
 * order to reset getopt() state.  This used to be generally accepted
 * way of resetting getopt().  However, glibc's getopt()
 * has additional getopt() state beyond optind (specifically, glibc
 * extensions such as '+' and '-' at the start of the string), and requires
 * that optind be set to zero to reset its state.  BSD-derived versions
 * of getopt() misbehaved if optind is set to 0 in order to reset getopt(),
 * and glibc's getopt() used to coredump if optind is set 1 in order
 * to reset getopt().
 * Then BSD introduced additional variable "optreset" which should be
 * set to 1 in order to reset getopt().  Sigh.  Standards, anyone?
 *
 * By ~2008, OpenBSD 3.4 was changed to survive glibc-like optind = 0
 * (to interpret it as if optreset was set).
 */
#if 1 /*def __GLIBC__*/
#define GETOPT_RESET() (optind = 0)
#else /* BSD style */
#define GETOPT_RESET() (optind = 1)
#endif


/* Having next pointer as a first member allows easy creation
 * of "llist-compatible" structs, and using llist_FOO functions
 * on them.
 */
typedef struct llist_t {
	struct llist_t *link;
	char *data;
} llist_t;
void llist_add_to(llist_t **old_head, void *data) FAST_FUNC;
void llist_add_to_end(llist_t **list_head, void *data) FAST_FUNC;
void *llist_pop(llist_t **elm) FAST_FUNC;
void llist_unlink(llist_t **head, llist_t *elm) FAST_FUNC;
void llist_free(llist_t *elm, void (*freeit)(void *data)) FAST_FUNC;
llist_t *llist_rev(llist_t *list) FAST_FUNC;
llist_t *llist_find_str(llist_t *first, const char *str) FAST_FUNC;
/* BTW, surprisingly, changing API to
 *   llist_t *llist_add_to(llist_t *old_head, void *data)
 * etc does not result in smaller code... */

/* start_stop_daemon and udhcpc are special - they want
 * to create pidfiles regardless of FEATURE_PIDFILE */
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PIDFILE || defined(WANT_PIDFILE)
/* True only if we created pidfile which is *file*, not /dev/null etc */
extern smallint wrote_pidfile;
void write_pidfile(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
void write_pidfile_std_path_and_ext(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
void remove_pidfile_std_path_and_ext(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
#define remove_pidfile(path) do { if (wrote_pidfile) unlink(path); } while (0)
#else
enum { wrote_pidfile = 0 };
#define write_pidfile_std_path_and_ext(path)  ((void)0)
#define remove_pidfile_std_path_and_ext(path) ((void)0)
#define write_pidfile(path)  ((void)0)
#define remove_pidfile(path) ((void)0)
#endif

enum {
	LOGMODE_NONE = 0,
	LOGMODE_STDIO = (1 << 0),
	LOGMODE_SYSLOG = (1 << 1) * ENABLE_FEATURE_SYSLOG,
	LOGMODE_BOTH = LOGMODE_SYSLOG + LOGMODE_STDIO,
};
extern const char *msg_eol;
extern smallint logmode;
extern uint8_t xfunc_error_retval;
extern void (*die_func)(void);
void xfunc_die(void) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void bb_show_usage(void) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void bb_error_msg(const char *s, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2))) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_simple_error_msg(const char *s) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_error_msg_and_die(const char *s, ...) __attribute__ ((noreturn, format (printf, 1, 2))) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_simple_error_msg_and_die(const char *s) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void bb_perror_msg(const char *s, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2))) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_simple_perror_msg(const char *s) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_perror_msg_and_die(const char *s, ...) __attribute__ ((noreturn, format (printf, 1, 2))) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die(const char *s) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void bb_herror_msg(const char *s, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2))) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_simple_herror_msg(const char *s) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_herror_msg_and_die(const char *s, ...) __attribute__ ((noreturn, format (printf, 1, 2))) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_simple_herror_msg_and_die(const char *s) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void bb_perror_nomsg_and_die(void) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void bb_perror_nomsg(void) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_verror_msg(const char *s, va_list p, const char *strerr) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_die_memory_exhausted(void) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
void bb_logenv_override(void) FAST_FUNC;

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SYSLOG_INFO
void bb_info_msg(const char *s, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2))) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_simple_info_msg(const char *s) FAST_FUNC;
void bb_vinfo_msg(const char *s, va_list p) FAST_FUNC;
#else
#define bb_info_msg bb_error_msg
#define bb_simple_info_msg bb_simple_error_msg
#define bb_vinfo_msg(s,p) bb_verror_msg(s,p,NULL)
#endif

#if ENABLE_WARN_SIMPLE_MSG
/* If enabled, cause calls to bb_error_msg() et al that only take a single
 * parameter to generate a warning.
 */
static inline void __attribute__ ((deprecated("use bb_simple_error_msg instead")))
	bb_not_simple_error_msg(const char *s) { bb_simple_error_msg(s); }
static inline void __attribute__ ((deprecated("use bb_simple_error_msg_and_die instead"))) NORETURN
	bb_not_simple_error_msg_and_die(const char *s) { bb_simple_error_msg_and_die(s); }
static inline void __attribute__ ((deprecated("use bb_simple_perror_msg instead")))
	bb_not_simple_perror_msg(const char *s) { bb_simple_perror_msg(s); }
static inline void __attribute__ ((deprecated("use bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die instead"))) NORETURN
	bb_not_simple_perror_msg_and_die(const char *s) { bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die(s); }
static inline void __attribute__ ((deprecated("use bb_simple_herror_msg instead")))
	bb_not_simple_herror_msg(const char *s) { bb_simple_herror_msg(s); }
static inline void __attribute__ ((deprecated("use bb_simple_herror_msg_and_die instead"))) NORETURN
	bb_not_simple_herror_msg_and_die(const char *s) { bb_simple_herror_msg_and_die(s); }
static inline void __attribute__ ((deprecated("use bb_simple_info_msg instead")))
	bb_not_simple_info_msg(const char *s) { bb_simple_info_msg(s); }
/* Override bb_error_msg() and related functions with macros that will
 * substitute them for the equivalent bb_not_simple_error_msg() function when
 * they are used with only a single parameter. Macro approach inspired by
 * https://gustedt.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/detect-empty-macro-arguments and
 * https://gustedt.wordpress.com/2010/06/03/default-arguments-for-c99
 */
#define _ARG18(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12, _13, _14, _15, _16, _17, ...) _17
#define BB_MSG_KIND(...)           _ARG18(__VA_ARGS__, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , _not_simple)
#define _BB_MSG(name, kind, ...)   bb##kind##name(__VA_ARGS__)
#define BB_MSG(name, kind, ...)    _BB_MSG(name, kind, __VA_ARGS__)
#define bb_error_msg(...)          BB_MSG(_error_msg, BB_MSG_KIND(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define bb_error_msg_and_die(...)  BB_MSG(_error_msg_and_die, BB_MSG_KIND(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define bb_perror_msg(...)         BB_MSG(_perror_msg, BB_MSG_KIND(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define bb_perror_msg_and_die(...) BB_MSG(_perror_msg_and_die, BB_MSG_KIND(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define bb_herror_msg(...)         BB_MSG(_herror_msg, BB_MSG_KIND(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define bb_herror_msg_and_die(...) BB_MSG(_herror_msg_and_die, BB_MSG_KIND(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#define bb_info_msg(...)           BB_MSG(_info_msg, BB_MSG_KIND(__VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
#endif

/* We need to export XXX_main from libbusybox
 * only if we build "individual" binaries
 */
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL
#define MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE
#else
#define MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE
#endif

/* Embedded script support */
char *get_script_content(unsigned n) FAST_FUNC;
int scripted_main(int argc, char** argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;

/* Applets which are useful from another applets */
int bb_cat(char** argv) FAST_FUNC;
int ash_main(int argc, char** argv)
#if ENABLE_ASH || ENABLE_SH_IS_ASH || ENABLE_BASH_IS_ASH
		MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE
#endif
;
int hush_main(int argc, char** argv)
#if ENABLE_HUSH || ENABLE_SH_IS_HUSH || ENABLE_BASH_IS_HUSH
		MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE
#endif
;
/* If shell needs them, they exist even if not enabled as applets */
int echo_main(int argc, char** argv) IF_ECHO(MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE);
int printf_main(int argc, char **argv) IF_PRINTF(MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE);
int test_main(int argc, char **argv)
#if ENABLE_TEST || ENABLE_TEST1 || ENABLE_TEST2
		MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE
#endif
;
int kill_main(int argc, char **argv)
#if ENABLE_KILL || ENABLE_KILLALL || ENABLE_KILLALL5
		MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE
#endif
;
/* Similar, but used by chgrp, not shell */
int chown_main(int argc, char **argv) IF_CHOWN(MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE);
/* Used by ftpd */
int ls_main(int argc, char **argv) IF_LS(MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE);
/* Don't need IF_xxx() guard for these */
int gunzip_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
int bunzip2_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;

#if ENABLE_ROUTE
void bb_displayroutes(int noresolve, int netstatfmt) FAST_FUNC;
#endif

struct number_state {
	unsigned width;
	unsigned start;
	unsigned inc;
	const char *sep;
	const char *empty_str;
	smallint all, nonempty;
};
int print_numbered_lines(struct number_state *ns, const char *filename) FAST_FUNC;


/* Networking */
/* This structure defines protocol families and their handlers. */
struct aftype {
	const char *name;
	const char *title;
	int af;
	int alen;
	char*       FAST_FUNC (*print)(unsigned char *);
	const char* FAST_FUNC (*sprint)(struct sockaddr *, int numeric);
	int         FAST_FUNC (*input)(/*int type,*/ const char *bufp, struct sockaddr *);
	void        FAST_FUNC (*herror)(char *text);
	int         FAST_FUNC (*rprint)(int options);
	int         FAST_FUNC (*rinput)(int typ, int ext, char **argv);
	/* may modify src */
	int         FAST_FUNC (*getmask)(char *src, struct sockaddr *mask, char *name);
};
/* This structure defines hardware protocols and their handlers. */
struct hwtype {
	const char *name;
	const char *title;
	int type;
	int alen;
	char* FAST_FUNC (*print)(unsigned char *);
	int   FAST_FUNC (*input)(const char *, struct sockaddr *);
	int   FAST_FUNC (*activate)(int fd);
	int suppress_null_addr;
};
#define IFNAME_SHOW_DOWNED_TOO ((char*)(intptr_t)1)
int display_interfaces(char *ifname) FAST_FUNC;
int in_ether(const char *bufp, struct sockaddr *sap) FAST_FUNC;
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_HWIB
int in_ib(const char *bufp, struct sockaddr *sap) FAST_FUNC;
#else
#define in_ib(a, b) 1 /* fail */
#endif
const struct aftype *get_aftype(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
const struct hwtype *get_hwtype(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
const struct hwtype *get_hwntype(int type) FAST_FUNC;


extern int fstype_matches(const char *fstype, const char *comma_list) FAST_FUNC;
#ifdef HAVE_MNTENT_H
extern struct mntent *find_mount_point(const char *name, int subdir_too) FAST_FUNC;
#endif
extern void erase_mtab(const char * name) FAST_FUNC;
extern unsigned int tty_baud_to_value(speed_t speed) FAST_FUNC;
extern speed_t tty_value_to_baud(unsigned int value) FAST_FUNC;
#if ENABLE_DESKTOP
extern void bb_warn_ignoring_args(char *arg) FAST_FUNC;
#else
# define bb_warn_ignoring_args(arg) ((void)0)
#endif

extern int get_linux_version_code(void) FAST_FUNC;

char *query_loop(const char *device) FAST_FUNC;
int get_free_loop(void) FAST_FUNC;
int del_loop(const char *device) FAST_FUNC;
/*
 * If *devname is not NULL, use that name, otherwise try to find free one,
 * malloc and return it in *devname.
 * return value is the opened fd to the loop device, or < on error
 */
int set_loop(char **devname, const char *file, unsigned long long offset, unsigned flags) FAST_FUNC;
/* These constants match linux/loop.h (without BB_ prefix): */
#define BB_LO_FLAGS_READ_ONLY 1
#define BB_LO_FLAGS_AUTOCLEAR 4
#define BB_LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN  8

/* Returns malloced str */
char *bb_ask_noecho(int fd, int timeout, const char *prompt) FAST_FUNC;
/* Like bb_ask_noecho, but asks on stdin with no timeout.  */
char *bb_ask_noecho_stdin(const char *prompt) FAST_FUNC;

int bb_ask_y_confirmation_FILE(FILE *fp) FAST_FUNC;
int bb_ask_y_confirmation(void) FAST_FUNC;

/* Returns -1 if input is invalid. current_mode is a base for e.g. "u+rw" */
int bb_parse_mode(const char* s, unsigned cur_mode) FAST_FUNC;

/*
 * Config file parser
 */
enum {
	PARSE_COLLAPSE  = 0x00010000, // treat consecutive delimiters as one
	PARSE_TRIM      = 0x00020000, // trim leading and trailing delimiters
// TODO: COLLAPSE and TRIM seem to always go in pair
	PARSE_GREEDY    = 0x00040000, // last token takes entire remainder of the line
	PARSE_MIN_DIE   = 0x00100000, // die if < min tokens found
	// keep a copy of current line
	PARSE_KEEP_COPY = 0x00200000 * ENABLE_FEATURE_CROND_D,
	PARSE_EOL_COMMENTS = 0x00400000, // comments are recognized even if they aren't the first char
	PARSE_ALT_COMMENTS = 0x00800000, // delim[0] and delim[1] are two different allowed comment chars
	// (so far, delim[0] will only work as comment char for full-line comment)
	// (IOW: it works as if PARSE_EOL_COMMENTS is not set. sysctl applet is okay with this)
	PARSE_WS_COMMENTS  = 0x01000000, // comments are recognized even if there is whitespace before
	// ("line start><space><tab><space>#comment" is also comment, not only "line start>#comment")
	// NORMAL is:
	// * remove leading and trailing delimiters and collapse
	//   multiple delimiters into one
	// * warn and continue if less than mintokens delimiters found
	// * grab everything into last token
	// * comments are recognized even if they aren't the first char
	PARSE_NORMAL    = PARSE_COLLAPSE | PARSE_TRIM | PARSE_GREEDY | PARSE_EOL_COMMENTS,
};
typedef struct parser_t {
	FILE *fp;
	char *data;
	char *line, *nline;
	size_t line_alloc, nline_alloc;
	int lineno;
} parser_t;
parser_t* config_open(const char *filename) FAST_FUNC;
parser_t* config_open2(const char *filename, FILE* FAST_FUNC (*fopen_func)(const char *path)) FAST_FUNC;
/* delims[0] is a comment char (use '\0' to disable), the rest are token delimiters */
int config_read(parser_t *parser, char **tokens, unsigned flags, const char *delims) FAST_FUNC;
#define config_read(parser, tokens, max, min, str, flags) \
	config_read(parser, tokens, ((flags) | (((min) & 0xFF) << 8) | ((max) & 0xFF)), str)
void config_close(parser_t *parser) FAST_FUNC;

/* Concatenate path and filename to new allocated buffer.
 * Add "/" only as needed (no duplicate "//" are produced).
 * If path is NULL, it is assumed to be "/".
 * filename should not be NULL. */
char *concat_path_file(const char *path, const char *filename) FAST_FUNC;
/* Returns NULL on . and .. */
char *concat_subpath_file(const char *path, const char *filename) FAST_FUNC;


int bb_make_directory(char *path, long mode, int flags) FAST_FUNC;

int get_signum(const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
const char *get_signame(int number) FAST_FUNC;
void print_signames(void) FAST_FUNC;

char *bb_simplify_path(const char *path) FAST_FUNC;
/* Returns ptr to NUL */
char *bb_simplify_abs_path_inplace(char *path) FAST_FUNC;

#ifndef LOGIN_FAIL_DELAY
#define LOGIN_FAIL_DELAY 3
#endif
extern void bb_do_delay(int seconds) FAST_FUNC;
extern void change_identity(const struct passwd *pw) FAST_FUNC;
extern void run_shell(const char *shell, int loginshell, const char **args) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;

/* Returns $SHELL, getpwuid(getuid())->pw_shell, or DEFAULT_SHELL.
 * Note that getpwuid result might need xstrdup'ing
 * if there is a possibility of intervening getpwxxx() calls.
 */
const char *get_shell_name(void) FAST_FUNC;

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SETPRIV_CAPABILITIES || ENABLE_RUN_INIT
unsigned cap_name_to_number(const char *cap) FAST_FUNC;
void printf_cap(const char *pfx, unsigned cap_no) FAST_FUNC;
void drop_capability(int cap_ordinal) FAST_FUNC;
/* Structures inside "struct caps" are Linux-specific and libcap-specific: */
#define DEFINE_STRUCT_CAPS \
struct caps { \
	struct __user_cap_header_struct header; \
	unsigned u32s; \
	struct __user_cap_data_struct data[2]; \
}
void getcaps(void *caps) FAST_FUNC;
#endif

#if ENABLE_SELINUX
extern void renew_current_security_context(void) FAST_FUNC;
extern void set_current_security_context(security_context_t sid) FAST_FUNC;
extern context_t set_security_context_component(security_context_t cur_context,
						char *user, char *role, char *type, char *range) FAST_FUNC;
extern void setfscreatecon_or_die(security_context_t scontext) FAST_FUNC;
extern void selinux_preserve_fcontext(int fdesc) FAST_FUNC;
#else
#define selinux_preserve_fcontext(fdesc) ((void)0)
#endif
extern void selinux_or_die(void) FAST_FUNC;


/* setup_environment:
 * if chdir pw->pw_dir: ok: else if to_tmp == 1: goto /tmp else: goto / or die
 * if clear_env = 1: cd(pw->pw_dir), clear environment, then set
 *   TERM=(old value)
 *   USER=pw->pw_name, LOGNAME=pw->pw_name
 *   PATH=bb_default_[root_]path
 *   HOME=pw->pw_dir
 *   SHELL=shell
 * else if change_env = 1:
 *   if not root (if pw->pw_uid != 0):
 *     USER=pw->pw_name, LOGNAME=pw->pw_name
 *   HOME=pw->pw_dir
 *   SHELL=shell
 * else does nothing
 *
 * NB: CHANGEENV and CLEARENV use setenv() - this leaks memory!
 * If setup_environment() is used is vforked child, this leaks memory _in parent too_!
 */
#define SETUP_ENV_CHANGEENV (1 << 0)
#define SETUP_ENV_CLEARENV  (1 << 1)
#define SETUP_ENV_TO_TMP    (1 << 2)
#define SETUP_ENV_NO_CHDIR  (1 << 4)
void setup_environment(const char *shell, int flags, const struct passwd *pw) FAST_FUNC;
void nuke_str(char *str) FAST_FUNC;
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SECURETTY && !ENABLE_PAM
int is_tty_secure(const char *short_tty) FAST_FUNC;
#else
static ALWAYS_INLINE int is_tty_secure(const char *short_tty UNUSED_PARAM) { return 1; }
#endif
#define CHECKPASS_PW_HAS_EMPTY_PASSWORD 2
int check_password(const struct passwd *pw, const char *plaintext) FAST_FUNC;
int ask_and_check_password_extended(const struct passwd *pw, int timeout, const char *prompt) FAST_FUNC;
int ask_and_check_password(const struct passwd *pw) FAST_FUNC;
/* Returns a malloced string */
#if !ENABLE_USE_BB_CRYPT
#define pw_encrypt(clear, salt, cleanup) pw_encrypt(clear, salt)
#endif
extern char *pw_encrypt(const char *clear, const char *salt, int cleanup) FAST_FUNC;
extern int obscure(const char *old, const char *newval, const struct passwd *pwdp) FAST_FUNC;
/*
 * rnd is additional random input. New one is returned.
 * Useful if you call crypt_make_salt many times in a row:
 * rnd = crypt_make_salt(buf1, 4, 0);
 * rnd = crypt_make_salt(buf2, 4, rnd);
 * rnd = crypt_make_salt(buf3, 4, rnd);
 * (otherwise we risk having same salt generated)
 */
extern int crypt_make_salt(char *p, int cnt /*, int rnd*/) FAST_FUNC;
/* "$N$" + sha_salt_16_bytes + NUL */
#define MAX_PW_SALT_LEN (3 + 16 + 1)
extern char* crypt_make_pw_salt(char p[MAX_PW_SALT_LEN], const char *algo) FAST_FUNC;


/* Returns number of lines changed, or -1 on error */
#if !(ENABLE_FEATURE_ADDUSER_TO_GROUP || ENABLE_FEATURE_DEL_USER_FROM_GROUP)
#define update_passwd(filename, username, data, member) \
	update_passwd(filename, username, data)
#endif
extern int update_passwd(const char *filename,
		const char *username,
		const char *data,
		const char *member) FAST_FUNC;

int index_in_str_array(const char *const string_array[], const char *key) FAST_FUNC;
int index_in_strings(const char *strings, const char *key) FAST_FUNC;
int index_in_substr_array(const char *const string_array[], const char *key) FAST_FUNC;
int index_in_substrings(const char *strings, const char *key) FAST_FUNC;
const char *nth_string(const char *strings, int n) FAST_FUNC;

extern void print_login_issue(const char *issue_file, const char *tty) FAST_FUNC;
extern void print_login_prompt(void) FAST_FUNC;

char *xmalloc_ttyname(int fd) FAST_FUNC RETURNS_MALLOC;
/* NB: typically you want to pass fd 0, not 1. Think 'applet | grep something' */
int get_terminal_width_height(int fd, unsigned *width, unsigned *height) FAST_FUNC;
int get_terminal_width(int fd) FAST_FUNC;

int tcsetattr_stdin_TCSANOW(const struct termios *tp) FAST_FUNC;
#define TERMIOS_CLEAR_ISIG      (1 << 0)
#define TERMIOS_RAW_CRNL_INPUT  (1 << 1)
#define TERMIOS_RAW_CRNL_OUTPUT (1 << 2)
#define TERMIOS_RAW_CRNL        (TERMIOS_RAW_CRNL_INPUT|TERMIOS_RAW_CRNL_OUTPUT)
#define TERMIOS_RAW_INPUT       (1 << 3)
int get_termios_and_make_raw(int fd, struct termios *newterm, struct termios *oldterm, int flags) FAST_FUNC;
int set_termios_to_raw(int fd, struct termios *oldterm, int flags) FAST_FUNC;

/* NB: "unsigned request" is crucial! "int request" will break some arches! */
int ioctl_or_perror(int fd, unsigned request, void *argp, const char *fmt,...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 4, 5))) FAST_FUNC;
int ioctl_or_perror_and_die(int fd, unsigned request, void *argp, const char *fmt,...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 4, 5))) FAST_FUNC;
#if ENABLE_IOCTL_HEX2STR_ERROR
int bb_ioctl_or_warn(int fd, unsigned request, void *argp, const char *ioctl_name) FAST_FUNC;
int bb_xioctl(int fd, unsigned request, void *argp, const char *ioctl_name) FAST_FUNC;
#define ioctl_or_warn(fd,request,argp) bb_ioctl_or_warn(fd,request,argp,#request)
#define xioctl(fd,request,argp)        bb_xioctl(fd,request,argp,#request)
#else
int bb_ioctl_or_warn(int fd, unsigned request, void *argp) FAST_FUNC;
int bb_xioctl(int fd, unsigned request, void *argp) FAST_FUNC;
#define ioctl_or_warn(fd,request,argp) bb_ioctl_or_warn(fd,request,argp)
#define xioctl(fd,request,argp)        bb_xioctl(fd,request,argp)
#endif

char *is_in_ino_dev_hashtable(const struct stat *statbuf) FAST_FUNC;
void add_to_ino_dev_hashtable(const struct stat *statbuf, const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
void reset_ino_dev_hashtable(void) FAST_FUNC;
#ifdef __GLIBC__
/* At least glibc has horrendously large inline for this, so wrap it */
unsigned long long bb_makedev(unsigned major, unsigned minor) FAST_FUNC;
#undef makedev
#define makedev(a,b) bb_makedev(a,b)
#endif


/* "Keycodes" that report an escape sequence.
 * We use something which fits into signed char,
 * yet doesn't represent any valid Unicode character.
 * Also, -1 is reserved for error indication and we don't use it. */
enum {
	KEYCODE_UP        =  -2,
	KEYCODE_DOWN      =  -3,
	KEYCODE_RIGHT     =  -4,
	KEYCODE_LEFT      =  -5,
	KEYCODE_HOME      =  -6,
	KEYCODE_END       =  -7,
	KEYCODE_INSERT    =  -8,
	KEYCODE_DELETE    =  -9,
	KEYCODE_PAGEUP    = -10,
	KEYCODE_PAGEDOWN  = -11,
	KEYCODE_BACKSPACE = -12, /* Used only if Alt/Ctrl/Shifted */
	KEYCODE_D         = -13, /* Used only if Alted */
#if 0
	KEYCODE_FUN1      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN2      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN3      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN4      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN5      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN6      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN7      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN8      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN9      = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN10     = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN11     = ,
	KEYCODE_FUN12     = ,
#endif
	/* ^^^^^ Be sure that last defined value is small enough.
	 * Current read_key() code allows going up to -32 (0xfff..fffe0).
	 * This gives three upper bits in LSB to play with:
	 * KEYCODE_foo values are 0xfff..fffXX, lowest XX bits are: scavvvvv,
	 * s=0 if SHIFT, c=0 if CTRL, a=0 if ALT,
	 * vvvvv bits are the same for same key regardless of "shift bits".
	 */
	//KEYCODE_SHIFT_...   = KEYCODE_...   & ~0x80,
	KEYCODE_CTRL_RIGHT    = KEYCODE_RIGHT & ~0x40,
	KEYCODE_CTRL_LEFT     = KEYCODE_LEFT  & ~0x40,
	KEYCODE_ALT_RIGHT     = KEYCODE_RIGHT & ~0x20,
	KEYCODE_ALT_LEFT      = KEYCODE_LEFT  & ~0x20,
	KEYCODE_ALT_BACKSPACE = KEYCODE_BACKSPACE & ~0x20,
	KEYCODE_ALT_D         = KEYCODE_D     & ~0x20,

	KEYCODE_CURSOR_POS = -0x100, /* 0xfff..fff00 */
	/* How long is the longest ESC sequence we know?
	 * We want it big enough to be able to contain
	 * cursor position sequence "ESC [ 9999 ; 9999 R"
	 */
	KEYCODE_BUFFER_SIZE = 16
};
/* Note: fd may be in blocking or non-blocking mode, both make sense.
 * For one, less uses non-blocking mode.
 * Only the first read syscall inside read_key may block indefinitely
 * (unless fd is in non-blocking mode),
 * subsequent reads will time out after a few milliseconds.
 * Return of -1 means EOF or error (errno == 0 on EOF).
 * buffer[0] is used as a counter of buffered chars and must be 0
 * on first call.
 * timeout:
 * -2: do not poll(-1) for input - read() it, return on EAGAIN at once
 * -1: poll(-1) (i.e. block even on NONBLOCKed fd)
 * >=0: poll() for TIMEOUT milliseconds, return -1/EAGAIN on timeout
 */
int64_t read_key(int fd, char *buffer, int timeout) FAST_FUNC;
void read_key_ungets(char *buffer, const char *str, unsigned len) FAST_FUNC;


#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EDITING
/* It's NOT just ENABLEd or disabled. It's a number: */
# if defined CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_HISTORY && CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_HISTORY > 0
#  define MAX_HISTORY (CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_HISTORY + 0)
unsigned size_from_HISTFILESIZE(const char *hp) FAST_FUNC;
# else
#  define MAX_HISTORY 0
# endif
typedef struct line_input_t {
	int flags;
	int timeout;
	const char *path_lookup;
# if MAX_HISTORY
	int cnt_history;
	int cur_history;
	int max_history; /* must never be <= 0 */
#  if ENABLE_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVEHISTORY
	/* meaning of this field depends on FEATURE_EDITING_SAVE_ON_EXIT:
	 * if !FEATURE_EDITING_SAVE_ON_EXIT: "how many lines are
	 * in on-disk history"
	 * if FEATURE_EDITING_SAVE_ON_EXIT: "how many in-memory lines are
	 * also in on-disk history (and thus need to be skipped on save)"
	 */
	unsigned cnt_history_in_file;
	const char *hist_file;
#  endif
	char *history[MAX_HISTORY + 1];
# endif
} line_input_t;
enum {
	DO_HISTORY       = 1 * (MAX_HISTORY > 0),
	TAB_COMPLETION   = 2 * ENABLE_FEATURE_TAB_COMPLETION,
	USERNAME_COMPLETION = 4 * ENABLE_FEATURE_USERNAME_COMPLETION,
	VI_MODE          = 8 * ENABLE_FEATURE_EDITING_VI,
	WITH_PATH_LOOKUP = 0x10,
	FOR_SHELL        = DO_HISTORY | TAB_COMPLETION | USERNAME_COMPLETION,
};
line_input_t *new_line_input_t(int flags) FAST_FUNC;
void free_line_input_t(line_input_t *n) FAST_FUNC;
/*
 * maxsize must be >= 2.
 * Returns:
 * -1 on read errors or EOF, or on bare Ctrl-D,
 * 0  on ctrl-C (the line entered is still returned in 'command'),
 * >0 length of input string, including terminating '\n'
 */
int read_line_input(line_input_t *st, const char *prompt, char *command, int maxsize) FAST_FUNC;
void show_history(const line_input_t *st) FAST_FUNC;
# if ENABLE_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVE_ON_EXIT
void save_history(line_input_t *st);
# endif
#else
#define MAX_HISTORY 0
int read_line_input(const char* prompt, char* command, int maxsize) FAST_FUNC;
#define read_line_input(state, prompt, command, maxsize) \
	read_line_input(prompt, command, maxsize)
#endif


#ifndef COMM_LEN
# ifdef TASK_COMM_LEN
enum { COMM_LEN = TASK_COMM_LEN };
# else
/* synchronize with sizeof(task_struct.comm) in /usr/include/linux/sched.h */
enum { COMM_LEN = 16 };
# endif
#endif

struct smaprec {
	unsigned long mapped_rw;
	unsigned long mapped_ro;
	unsigned long shared_clean;
	unsigned long shared_dirty;
	unsigned long private_clean;
	unsigned long private_dirty;
	unsigned long stack;
	unsigned long smap_pss, smap_swap;
	unsigned long smap_size;
	// For mixed 32/64 userspace, 32-bit pmap still needs
	// 64-bit field here to correctly show 64-bit processes:
	unsigned long long smap_start;
	// (strictly speaking, other fields need to be wider too,
	// but they are in kbytes, not bytes, and they hold sizes,
	// not start addresses, sizes tend to be less than 4 terabytes)
	char smap_mode[5];
	char *smap_name;
};

#if !ENABLE_PMAP
#define procps_read_smaps(pid, total, cb, data) \
	procps_read_smaps(pid, total)
#endif
int FAST_FUNC procps_read_smaps(pid_t pid, struct smaprec *total,
		void (*cb)(struct smaprec *, void *), void *data);

typedef struct procps_status_t {
	DIR *dir;
	IF_FEATURE_SHOW_THREADS(DIR *task_dir;)
	uint8_t shift_pages_to_bytes;
	uint8_t shift_pages_to_kb;
/* Fields are set to 0/NULL if failed to determine (or not requested) */
	uint16_t argv_len;
	char *argv0;
	char *exe;
	IF_SELINUX(char *context;)
	IF_FEATURE_SHOW_THREADS(unsigned main_thread_pid;)
	/* Everything below must contain no ptrs to malloc'ed data:
	 * it is memset(0) for each process in procps_scan() */
	unsigned long vsz, rss; /* we round it to kbytes */
	unsigned long stime, utime;
	unsigned long start_time;
	unsigned pid;
	unsigned ppid;
	unsigned pgid;
	unsigned sid;
	unsigned uid;
	unsigned gid;
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS
	unsigned ruid;
	unsigned rgid;
	int niceness;
#endif
	unsigned tty_major,tty_minor;
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_TOPMEM
	struct smaprec smaps;
#endif
	char state[4];
	/* basename of executable in exec(2), read from /proc/N/stat
	 * (if executable is symlink or script, it is NOT replaced
	 * by link target or interpreter name) */
	char comm[COMM_LEN];
	/* user/group? - use passwd/group parsing functions */
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_TOP_SMP_PROCESS
	int last_seen_on_cpu;
#endif
} procps_status_t;
/* flag bits for procps_scan(xx, flags) calls */
enum {
	PSSCAN_PID      = 1 << 0,
	PSSCAN_PPID     = 1 << 1,
	PSSCAN_PGID     = 1 << 2,
	PSSCAN_SID      = 1 << 3,
	PSSCAN_UIDGID   = 1 << 4,
	PSSCAN_COMM     = 1 << 5,
	/* PSSCAN_CMD      = 1 << 6, - use read_cmdline instead */
	PSSCAN_ARGV0    = 1 << 7,
	PSSCAN_EXE      = 1 << 8,
	PSSCAN_STATE    = 1 << 9,
	PSSCAN_VSZ      = 1 << 10,
	PSSCAN_RSS      = 1 << 11,
	PSSCAN_STIME    = 1 << 12,
	PSSCAN_UTIME    = 1 << 13,
	PSSCAN_TTY      = 1 << 14,
	PSSCAN_SMAPS	= (1 << 15) * ENABLE_FEATURE_TOPMEM,
	/* NB: used by find_pid_by_name(). Any applet using it
	 * needs to be mentioned here. */
	PSSCAN_ARGVN    = (1 << 16) * (ENABLE_KILLALL
				|| ENABLE_PGREP || ENABLE_PKILL
				|| ENABLE_PIDOF
				|| ENABLE_SESTATUS
				),
	PSSCAN_CONTEXT  = (1 << 17) * ENABLE_SELINUX,
	PSSCAN_START_TIME = 1 << 18,
	PSSCAN_CPU      = (1 << 19) * ENABLE_FEATURE_TOP_SMP_PROCESS,
	PSSCAN_NICE     = (1 << 20) * ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS,
	PSSCAN_RUIDGID  = (1 << 21) * ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS,
	PSSCAN_TASKS	= (1 << 22) * ENABLE_FEATURE_SHOW_THREADS,
};
//procps_status_t* alloc_procps_scan(void) FAST_FUNC;
void free_procps_scan(procps_status_t* sp) FAST_FUNC;
procps_status_t* procps_scan(procps_status_t* sp, int flags) FAST_FUNC;
/* Format cmdline (up to col chars) into char buf[size] */
/* Puts [comm] if cmdline is empty (-> process is a kernel thread) */
void read_cmdline(char *buf, int size, unsigned pid, const char *comm) FAST_FUNC;
pid_t *find_pid_by_name(const char* procName) FAST_FUNC;
pid_t *pidlist_reverse(pid_t *pidList) FAST_FUNC;
int starts_with_cpu(const char *str) FAST_FUNC;
unsigned get_cpu_count(void) FAST_FUNC;


/* Use strict=1 if you process input from untrusted source:
 * it will return NULL on invalid %xx (bad hex chars)
 * and str + 1 if decoded char is / or NUL.
 * In non-strict mode, it always succeeds (returns str),
 * and also it additionally decoded '+' to space.
 */
char *percent_decode_in_place(char *str, int strict) FAST_FUNC;


extern const char bb_uuenc_tbl_base64[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_uuenc_tbl_std[] ALIGN1;
void bb_uuencode(char *store, const void *s, int length, const char *tbl) FAST_FUNC;
enum {
	BASE64_FLAG_UU_STOP = 0x100,
	/* Sign-extends to a value which never matches fgetc result: */
	BASE64_FLAG_NO_STOP_CHAR = 0x80,
};
const char *decode_base64(char **pp_dst, const char *src) FAST_FUNC;
void read_base64(FILE *src_stream, FILE *dst_stream, int flags) FAST_FUNC;

typedef struct md5_ctx_t {
	uint8_t wbuffer[64]; /* always correctly aligned for uint64_t */
	void (*process_block)(struct md5_ctx_t*) FAST_FUNC;
	uint64_t total64;    /* must be directly before hash[] */
	uint32_t hash[8];    /* 4 elements for md5, 5 for sha1, 8 for sha256 */
} md5_ctx_t;
typedef struct md5_ctx_t sha1_ctx_t;
typedef struct md5_ctx_t sha256_ctx_t;
typedef struct sha512_ctx_t {
	uint64_t total64[2];  /* must be directly before hash[] */
	uint64_t hash[8];
	uint8_t wbuffer[128]; /* always correctly aligned for uint64_t */
} sha512_ctx_t;
typedef struct sha3_ctx_t {
	uint64_t state[25];
	unsigned bytes_queued;
	unsigned input_block_bytes;
} sha3_ctx_t;
void md5_begin(md5_ctx_t *ctx) FAST_FUNC;
void md5_hash(md5_ctx_t *ctx, const void *buffer, size_t len) FAST_FUNC;
unsigned md5_end(md5_ctx_t *ctx, void *resbuf) FAST_FUNC;
void sha1_begin(sha1_ctx_t *ctx) FAST_FUNC;
#define sha1_hash md5_hash
unsigned sha1_end(sha1_ctx_t *ctx, void *resbuf) FAST_FUNC;
void sha256_begin(sha256_ctx_t *ctx) FAST_FUNC;
#define sha256_hash md5_hash
#define sha256_end  sha1_end
void sha512_begin(sha512_ctx_t *ctx) FAST_FUNC;
void sha512_hash(sha512_ctx_t *ctx, const void *buffer, size_t len) FAST_FUNC;
unsigned sha512_end(sha512_ctx_t *ctx, void *resbuf) FAST_FUNC;
void sha3_begin(sha3_ctx_t *ctx) FAST_FUNC;
void sha3_hash(sha3_ctx_t *ctx, const void *buffer, size_t len) FAST_FUNC;
unsigned sha3_end(sha3_ctx_t *ctx, void *resbuf) FAST_FUNC;
/* TLS benefits from knowing that sha1 and sha256 share these. Give them "agnostic" names too */
typedef struct md5_ctx_t md5sha_ctx_t;
#define md5sha_hash md5_hash
#define sha_end sha1_end

extern uint32_t *global_crc32_table;
uint32_t *crc32_filltable(uint32_t *tbl256, int endian) FAST_FUNC;
uint32_t *crc32_new_table_le(void) FAST_FUNC;
uint32_t *global_crc32_new_table_le(void) FAST_FUNC;
uint32_t crc32_block_endian1(uint32_t val, const void *buf, unsigned len, uint32_t *crc_table) FAST_FUNC;
uint32_t crc32_block_endian0(uint32_t val, const void *buf, unsigned len, uint32_t *crc_table) FAST_FUNC;

typedef struct masks_labels_t {
	const char *labels;
	const int masks[];
} masks_labels_t;
int print_flags_separated(const int *masks, const char *labels,
		int flags, const char *separator) FAST_FUNC;
int print_flags(const masks_labels_t *ml, int flags) FAST_FUNC;

typedef struct bb_progress_t {
	unsigned last_size;
	unsigned last_update_sec;
	unsigned last_change_sec;
	unsigned start_sec;
	/*unsigned last_eta;*/
	const char *curfile;
} bb_progress_t;

#define is_bb_progress_inited(p) ((p)->curfile != NULL)
#define bb_progress_free(p) do { \
	if (ENABLE_UNICODE_SUPPORT) free((char*)((p)->curfile)); \
	(p)->curfile = NULL; \
} while (0)
void bb_progress_init(bb_progress_t *p, const char *curfile) FAST_FUNC;
int bb_progress_update(bb_progress_t *p,
			uoff_t beg_range,
			uoff_t transferred,
			uoff_t totalsize) FAST_FUNC;

unsigned ubi_devnum_from_devname(const char *str) FAST_FUNC;
int ubi_get_volid_by_name(unsigned ubi_devnum, const char *vol_name) FAST_FUNC;


extern const char *applet_name;

/* Some older linkers don't perform string merging, we used to have common strings
 * as global arrays to do it by hand. But:
 * (1) newer linkers do it themselves,
 * (2) however, they DONT merge string constants with global arrays,
 * even if the value is the same (!). Thus global arrays actually
 * increased size a bit: for example, "/etc/passwd" string from libc
 * wasn't merged with bb_path_passwd_file[] array!
 * Therefore now we use #defines.
 */
/* "BusyBox vN.N.N (timestamp or extra_version)" */
extern const char bb_banner[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_memory_exhausted[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_invalid_date[] ALIGN1;
#define bb_msg_read_error "read error"
#define bb_msg_write_error "write error"
extern const char bb_msg_unknown[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_can_not_create_raw_socket[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_perm_denied_are_you_root[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_you_must_be_root[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_requires_arg[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_invalid_arg_to[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_standard_input[] ALIGN1;
extern const char bb_msg_standard_output[] ALIGN1;

/* NB: (bb_hexdigits_upcase[i] | 0x20) -> lowercase hex digit */
extern const char bb_hexdigits_upcase[] ALIGN1;

extern const char bb_path_wtmp_file[] ALIGN1;

/* Busybox mount uses either /proc/mounts or /etc/mtab to
 * get the list of currently mounted filesystems */
#define bb_path_mtab_file IF_FEATURE_MTAB_SUPPORT("/etc/mtab")IF_NOT_FEATURE_MTAB_SUPPORT("/proc/mounts")

#define bb_path_passwd_file  _PATH_PASSWD
#define bb_path_group_file   _PATH_GROUP
#define bb_path_shadow_file  _PATH_SHADOW
#define bb_path_gshadow_file _PATH_GSHADOW

#define bb_path_motd_file "/etc/motd"

#define bb_dev_null "/dev/null"
extern const char bb_busybox_exec_path[] ALIGN1;
/* allow default system PATH to be extended via CFLAGS */
#ifndef BB_ADDITIONAL_PATH
#define BB_ADDITIONAL_PATH ""
#endif
#define BB_PATH_ROOT_PATH "PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin" BB_ADDITIONAL_PATH
extern const char bb_PATH_root_path[] ALIGN1; /* BB_PATH_ROOT_PATH */
#define bb_default_root_path (bb_PATH_root_path + sizeof("PATH"))
/* util-linux manpage says /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin,
 * but I want to save a few bytes here:
 */
#define bb_default_path      (bb_PATH_root_path + sizeof("PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin"))

extern const int const_int_0;
//extern const int const_int_1;

/* This struct is deliberately not defined. */
/* See docs/keep_data_small.txt */
struct globals;
/* '*const' ptr makes gcc optimize code much better.
 * Magic prevents ptr_to_globals from going into rodata.
 * If you want to assign a value, use SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS(x) */
extern struct globals *const ptr_to_globals;
/* At least gcc 3.4.6 on mipsel system needs optimization barrier */
#define barrier() __asm__ __volatile__("":::"memory")
#define SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS(x) do { \
	(*(struct globals**)&ptr_to_globals) = (void*)(x); \
	barrier(); \
} while (0)
#define FREE_PTR_TO_GLOBALS() do { \
	if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP) { \
		free(ptr_to_globals); \
	} \
} while (0)

/* You can change LIBBB_DEFAULT_LOGIN_SHELL, but don't use it,
 * use bb_default_login_shell and following defines.
 * If you change LIBBB_DEFAULT_LOGIN_SHELL,
 * don't forget to change increment constant. */
#define LIBBB_DEFAULT_LOGIN_SHELL  "-/bin/sh"
extern const char bb_default_login_shell[] ALIGN1;
/* "/bin/sh" */
#define DEFAULT_SHELL              (bb_default_login_shell+1)
/* "sh" */
#define DEFAULT_SHELL_SHORT_NAME   (bb_default_login_shell+6)

/* The following devices are the same on all systems.  */
#define CURRENT_TTY "/dev/tty"
#define DEV_CONSOLE "/dev/console"

#if defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
# define CURRENT_VC CURRENT_TTY
# define VC_1 "/dev/ttyv0"
# define VC_2 "/dev/ttyv1"
# define VC_3 "/dev/ttyv2"
# define VC_4 "/dev/ttyv3"
# define VC_5 "/dev/ttyv4"
# define VC_FORMAT "/dev/ttyv%d"
#elif defined(__GNU__)
# define CURRENT_VC CURRENT_TTY
# define VC_1 "/dev/tty1"
# define VC_2 "/dev/tty2"
# define VC_3 "/dev/tty3"
# define VC_4 "/dev/tty4"
# define VC_5 "/dev/tty5"
# define VC_FORMAT "/dev/tty%d"
#elif ENABLE_FEATURE_DEVFS
/*Linux, obsolete devfs names */
# define CURRENT_VC "/dev/vc/0"
# define VC_1 "/dev/vc/1"
# define VC_2 "/dev/vc/2"
# define VC_3 "/dev/vc/3"
# define VC_4 "/dev/vc/4"
# define VC_5 "/dev/vc/5"
# define VC_FORMAT "/dev/vc/%d"
# define LOOP_FORMAT "/dev/loop/%u"
# define LOOP_NAMESIZE (sizeof("/dev/loop/") + sizeof(int)*3 + 1)
# define LOOP_NAME "/dev/loop/"
# define FB_0 "/dev/fb/0"
#else
/*Linux, normal names */
# define CURRENT_VC "/dev/tty0"
# define VC_1 "/dev/tty1"
# define VC_2 "/dev/tty2"
# define VC_3 "/dev/tty3"
# define VC_4 "/dev/tty4"
# define VC_5 "/dev/tty5"
# define VC_FORMAT "/dev/tty%d"
# define LOOP_FORMAT "/dev/loop%u"
# define LOOP_NAMESIZE (sizeof("/dev/loop") + sizeof(int)*3 + 1)
# define LOOP_NAME "/dev/loop"
# define FB_0 "/dev/fb0"
#endif

// storage helpers for mk*fs utilities
char BUG_wrong_field_size(void);
#define STORE_LE(field, value) \
do { \
	if (sizeof(field) == 4) \
		field = SWAP_LE32((uint32_t)(value)); \
	else if (sizeof(field) == 2) \
		field = SWAP_LE16((uint16_t)(value)); \
	else if (sizeof(field) == 1) \
		field = (uint8_t)(value); \
	else \
		BUG_wrong_field_size(); \
} while (0)

#define FETCH_LE32(field) \
	(sizeof(field) == 4 ? SWAP_LE32(field) : BUG_wrong_field_size())


#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) ((unsigned)(sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0])))
#define BUILD_BUG_ON(condition) ((void)sizeof(char[1 - 2*!!(condition)]))


/* We redefine ctype macros. Unicode-correct handling of char types
 * can't be done with such byte-oriented operations anyway,
 * we don't lose anything.
 */
#undef isalnum
#undef isalpha
#undef isascii
#undef isblank
#undef iscntrl
#undef isdigit
#undef isgraph
#undef islower
#undef isprint
#undef ispunct
#undef isspace
#undef isupper
#undef isxdigit
#undef toupper
#undef tolower

/* We save ~500 bytes on isdigit alone.
 * BTW, x86 likes (unsigned char) cast more than (unsigned). */

/* These work the same for ASCII and Unicode,
 * assuming no one asks "is this a *Unicode* letter?" using isalpha(letter) */
#define isascii(a) ((unsigned char)(a) <= 0x7f)
#define isdigit(a) ((unsigned char)((a) - '0') <= 9)
#define isupper(a) ((unsigned char)((a) - 'A') <= ('Z' - 'A'))
#define islower(a) ((unsigned char)((a) - 'a') <= ('z' - 'a'))
#define isalpha(a) ((unsigned char)(((a)|0x20) - 'a') <= ('z' - 'a'))
#define isblank(a) ({ unsigned char bb__isblank = (a); bb__isblank == ' ' || bb__isblank == '\t'; })
#define iscntrl(a) ({ unsigned char bb__iscntrl = (a); bb__iscntrl < ' ' || bb__iscntrl == 0x7f; })
/* In POSIX/C locale isspace is only these chars: "\t\n\v\f\r" and space.
 * "\t\n\v\f\r" happen to have ASCII codes 9,10,11,12,13.
 */
#define isspace(a) ({ unsigned char bb__isspace = (a) - 9; bb__isspace == (' ' - 9) || bb__isspace <= (13 - 9); })
// Unsafe wrt NUL: #define ispunct(a) (strchr("!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~", (a)) != NULL)
#define ispunct(a) (strchrnul("!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~", (a))[0])
// Bigger code: #define isalnum(a) ({ unsigned char bb__isalnum = (a) - '0'; bb__isalnum <= 9 || ((bb__isalnum - ('A' - '0')) & 0xdf) <= 25; })
#define isalnum(a) bb_ascii_isalnum(a)
static ALWAYS_INLINE int bb_ascii_isalnum(unsigned char a)
{
	unsigned char b = a - '0';
	if (b <= 9)
		return (b <= 9);
	b = (a|0x20) - 'a';
	return b <= 'z' - 'a';
}
#define isxdigit(a) bb_ascii_isxdigit(a)
static ALWAYS_INLINE int bb_ascii_isxdigit(unsigned char a)
{
	unsigned char b = a - '0';
	if (b <= 9)
		return (b <= 9);
	b = (a|0x20) - 'a';
	return b <= 'f' - 'a';
}
#define toupper(a) bb_ascii_toupper(a)
static ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned char bb_ascii_toupper(unsigned char a)
{
	unsigned char b = a - 'a';
	if (b <= ('z' - 'a'))
		a -= 'a' - 'A';
	return a;
}
#define tolower(a) bb_ascii_tolower(a)
static ALWAYS_INLINE unsigned char bb_ascii_tolower(unsigned char a)
{
	unsigned char b = a - 'A';
	if (b <= ('Z' - 'A'))
		a += 'a' - 'A';
	return a;
}

/* In ASCII and Unicode, these are likely to be very different.
 * Let's prevent ambiguous usage from the start */
#define isgraph(a) isgraph_is_ambiguous_dont_use(a)
#define isprint(a) isprint_is_ambiguous_dont_use(a)
/* NB: must not treat EOF as isgraph or isprint */
#define isgraph_asciionly(a) ((unsigned)((a) - 0x21) <= 0x7e - 0x21)
#define isprint_asciionly(a) ((unsigned)((a) - 0x20) <= 0x7e - 0x20)


/* Simple unit-testing framework */

typedef void (*bbunit_testfunc)(void);

struct bbunit_listelem {
	const char* name;
	bbunit_testfunc testfunc;
};

void bbunit_registertest(struct bbunit_listelem* test);
void bbunit_settestfailed(void);

#define BBUNIT_DEFINE_TEST(NAME) \
	static void bbunit_##NAME##_test(void); \
	static struct bbunit_listelem bbunit_##NAME##_elem = { \
		.name = #NAME, \
		.testfunc = bbunit_##NAME##_test, \
	}; \
	static void INIT_FUNC bbunit_##NAME##_register(void) \
	{ \
		bbunit_registertest(&bbunit_##NAME##_elem); \
	} \
	static void bbunit_##NAME##_test(void)

/*
 * Both 'goto bbunit_end' and 'break' are here only to get rid
 * of compiler warnings.
 */
#define BBUNIT_ENDTEST \
	do { \
		goto bbunit_end; \
	bbunit_end: \
		break; \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL \
	do { \
		bb_error_msg( \
			"[ERROR] Assertion failed in file %s, line %d", \
			__FILE__, __LINE__); \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED \
	do { \
		bbunit_settestfailed(); \
		goto bbunit_end; \
	} while (0)

/*
 * Assertions.
 * For now we only offer assertions which cause tests to fail
 * immediately. In the future 'expects' might be added too -
 * similar to those offered by the gtest framework.
 */
#define BBUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(EXPECTED, ACTUAL) \
	do { \
		if ((EXPECTED) != (ACTUAL)) { \
			BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL; \
			bb_error_msg("[ERROR] '%s' isn't equal to '%s'", \
						#EXPECTED, #ACTUAL); \
			BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED; \
		} \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_ASSERT_NOTEQ(EXPECTED, ACTUAL) \
	do { \
		if ((EXPECTED) == (ACTUAL)) { \
			BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL; \
			bb_error_msg("[ERROR] '%s' is equal to '%s'", \
						#EXPECTED, #ACTUAL); \
			BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED; \
		} \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_ASSERT_NOTNULL(PTR) \
	do { \
		if ((PTR) == NULL) { \
			BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL; \
			bb_error_msg("[ERROR] '%s' is NULL!", #PTR); \
			BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED; \
		} \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_ASSERT_NULL(PTR) \
	do { \
		if ((PTR) != NULL) { \
			BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL; \
			bb_error_msg("[ERROR] '%s' is not NULL!", #PTR); \
			BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED; \
		} \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(STATEMENT) \
	do { \
		if ((STATEMENT)) { \
			BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL; \
			bb_error_msg("[ERROR] Statement '%s' evaluated to true!", \
								#STATEMENT); \
			BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED; \
		} \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_ASSERT_TRUE(STATEMENT) \
	do { \
		if (!(STATEMENT)) { \
			BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL; \
			bb_error_msg("[ERROR] Statement '%s' evaluated to false!", \
					#STATEMENT); \
			BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED; \
		} \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_ASSERT_STREQ(STR1, STR2) \
	do { \
		if (strcmp(STR1, STR2) != 0) { \
			BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL; \
			bb_error_msg("[ERROR] Strings '%s' and '%s' " \
					"are not the same", STR1, STR2); \
			BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED; \
		} \
	} while (0)

#define BBUNIT_ASSERT_STRNOTEQ(STR1, STR2) \
	do { \
		if (strcmp(STR1, STR2) == 0) { \
			BBUNIT_PRINTASSERTFAIL; \
			bb_error_msg("[ERROR] Strings '%s' and '%s' " \
					"are the same, but were " \
					"expected to differ", STR1, STR2); \
			BBUNIT_ASSERTION_FAILED; \
		} \
	} while (0)


POP_SAVED_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY

#endif