path: root/toys/pending/ip.c

/* ip.c - Show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels.
 *
 * Copyright 2014 Sameer Prakash Pradhan <sameer.p.pradhan@gmail.com>
 * Copyright 2014 Ranjan Kumar <ranjankumar.bth@gmail.com>
 * Copyright 2014 Rajni Kant <rajnikant12345@gmail.com>
 *
 * No Standard.
 *
USE_IP(NEWTOY(ip, NULL, TOYFLAG_SBIN))
USE_IP(OLDTOY(ipaddr, ip, NULL, TOYFLAG_SBIN))
USE_IP(OLDTOY(iplink, ip, NULL, TOYFLAG_SBIN))
USE_IP(OLDTOY(iproute, ip, NULL, TOYFLAG_SBIN))
USE_IP(OLDTOY(iprule, ip, NULL, TOYFLAG_SBIN))
USE_IP(OLDTOY(iptunnel, ip, NULL, TOYFLAG_SBIN))

config IP
  bool "ip"
  default n
  help
    usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND }

    Show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels.

    where OBJECT := {address | link | route | rule | tunnel}
    OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | -o[neline] }
*/
#define FOR_ip
#include "toys.h"
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <linux/if_ether.h>
#include <linux/if_addr.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
//=============================================================================

// TODO List
/*
 * 1. At this point of time, not clear about using hashing technique
 *    is useful to improve performance.
 * 2. Pending decision:
 *  a. rt_realms, rt_dsfield and rt_tables will get free or not.
 *  b. rt_realms, rt_dsfield and rt_tables will be global or local.
 * 3. Use atolx_range instead of strtoul.
 * 4. substring_to_idx for multiple match cases.
 */

GLOBALS(
  char stats;
  int sockfd;
  char gbuf[8192];
  int8_t addressfamily;
  int8_t is_addr;
  char singleline;
  char flush;
  char *filter_dev;
)

struct arglist {
  char *name;
  int idx;
};

static struct 
{
  int ifindex, scope, scopemask, up, to;
  char *label, *addr;
} addrinfo;

struct linkdata  {
  struct linkdata *next, *prev;
  int flags, iface_idx, mtu, txqueuelen, parent,iface_type;
  char qdiscpline[IFNAMSIZ+1], state[IFNAMSIZ+1], type[IFNAMSIZ+1],
       iface[IFNAMSIZ+1], laddr[64], bcast[64];
  struct  rtnl_link_stats rt_stat;
}*linfo;

typedef int (*cmdobj)(char **argv);

#define MESG_LEN 8192

// For "/etc/iproute2/RPDB_tables"
enum {
  RPDB_rtdsfield = 1,
  RPDB_rtrealms = 3,
  RPDB_rtscopes = 4,
  RPDB_rttables = 5
};

#define RPDB_ENTRIES 256
static int8_t rttable_init;
static int8_t rtdsfield_init;
static int8_t rtscope_init;
static int8_t rtrealms_init;

static struct arglist default_table = {"default", RT_TABLE_DEFAULT};
static struct arglist main_table = {"main", RT_TABLE_MAIN};
static struct arglist local_table = {"local", RT_TABLE_LOCAL};
static struct arglist unspec_realms = {"unspec", RT_TABLE_UNSPEC};

static struct arglist *rt_dsfield[RPDB_ENTRIES] = {0};
static struct arglist *rt_tables[RPDB_ENTRIES] = {
  [RT_TABLE_DEFAULT] = &default_table,
  [RT_TABLE_MAIN] = &main_table,
  [RT_TABLE_LOCAL] = &local_table,
};
static struct arglist *rt_realms[RPDB_ENTRIES] = {
  [0] = &unspec_realms,
};

// default values from /etc/iproute2/rt_scope
static struct arglist global_table = {"global", 0};
static struct arglist site_table = {"site", 200};
static struct arglist link_table = {"link", 253};
static struct arglist host_table = {"host", 254};
static struct arglist nowhere_table = {"nowhere", 255};
static struct arglist *rt_scope[256] = {
  [RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE] = &global_table,
  [RT_SCOPE_SITE] = &site_table,
  [RT_SCOPE_LINK] = &link_table,
  [RT_SCOPE_HOST] = &host_table,
  [RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE] = &nowhere_table,
};

static struct arglist rtmtypes[] = { {"none", RTN_UNSPEC},
  {"unicast", RTN_UNICAST}, {"local", RTN_LOCAL},
  {"broadcast", RTN_BROADCAST}, {"anycast", RTN_ANYCAST},
  {"multicast", RTN_MULTICAST}, {"blackhole", RTN_BLACKHOLE},
  {"unreachable", RTN_UNREACHABLE}, {"prohibit", RTN_PROHIBIT},
  {"throw", RTN_THROW}, {"nat", RTN_NAT},
  {"xresolve", RTN_XRESOLVE}, {NULL, -1}
};

static int filter_nlmesg(int (*fun)(struct nlmsghdr *mhdr, char **), char **);
static int  ipaddr_print(struct linkdata *, int flg);


// ===========================================================================
// Common Code for IP Options (like: addr, link, route etc.)
// ===========================================================================
static int substring_to_idx(char *str, struct arglist *list)
{
  struct arglist *alist;
  int idx = -1, mcount = 0, len;

  if (!str) return -1;
  len = strlen(str);

  for (alist = list; alist->name; alist++) {
    if (!memcmp(str, alist->name, len)) {
      if (!*(alist->name + len))
        return alist->idx;
      idx = alist->idx;
      ++mcount; // No of matches.
    }
  }
  if (mcount > 1) return -1; // Multiple match found.
  return idx;
}

static int string_to_idx(char *str, struct arglist *list)
{
  struct arglist *alist;

  if (!str) return -1;
  for (alist = list; alist->name; alist++)
    if (!strcmp(str, alist->name)) return alist->idx;
  return -1;
}

static char *idx_to_string(int idx, struct arglist *list)
{
  struct arglist *alist;

  if (idx < 0) return NULL;
  for (alist = list; alist->name; alist++)
    if (idx == alist->idx) return alist->name;
  return NULL;
}

static void iphelp(void)
{
  toys.exithelp = 1;
  error_exit(NULL);
}

static void send_nlmesg(int type, int flags, int family,
    void *buf, int blen)
{
  struct {
    struct nlmsghdr nlh;
    struct rtgenmsg g;
  } req;

  if (!buf) {
    memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
    req.nlh.nlmsg_len = sizeof(req);
    req.nlh.nlmsg_type = type;
    req.nlh.nlmsg_flags = flags;
    req.g.rtgen_family = family;
    buf = &req;
    blen = sizeof(req);
  }
  if (send(TT.sockfd , (void*)buf, blen, 0) < 0)
    perror_exit("Unable to send data on socket.");
}

// Parse /etc/iproute2/RPDB_tables and prepare list.
static void parseRPDB(char *fname, struct arglist **list, int32_t size)
{
  char *line;
  int fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY);

  if (fd < 0) return;
  for (; (line = get_line(fd)); free(line)) {
    char *ptr = line;
    int32_t idx;

    while (*ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t') ptr++;
    if (*ptr == 0 || *ptr == '#' || *ptr == '\n') continue;
    if ((sscanf(ptr, "0x%x %s\n", &idx, toybuf) != 2) &&
        (sscanf(ptr, "0x%x %s #", &idx, toybuf) != 2) &&
        (sscanf(ptr, "%d %s\n", &idx, toybuf) != 2) &&
        (sscanf(ptr, "%d %s #", &idx, toybuf) != 2)) {
      error_msg("Corrupted '%s' file", fname);
      xclose(fd);
      free(line);
      return;
    }
    if (idx >= 0 && idx < size) {
      int index = idx & (size-1);
      list[index] = xzalloc(sizeof(struct arglist));
      list[index]->idx = idx;
      list[index]->name = xstrdup(toybuf);
    }
  }
  xclose(fd);
}

static struct arglist **getlist(u_int8_t whichDB)
{
  struct arglist **alist;

  switch (whichDB) {
    case RPDB_rtdsfield:
      alist = rt_dsfield;
      if (!rtdsfield_init) {
        rtdsfield_init = 1;
        parseRPDB("/etc/iproute2/rt_dsfield", alist, ARRAY_LEN(rt_dsfield));
      }
      break;
    case RPDB_rtrealms:
      alist = rt_realms;
      if (!rtrealms_init) {
        rtrealms_init = 1;
        parseRPDB("/etc/iproute2/rt_realms", alist, ARRAY_LEN(rt_realms));
      }
      break;
    case RPDB_rtscopes:
      alist = rt_scope;
      if (!rtscope_init) {
        rtscope_init = 1;
        parseRPDB("/etc/iproute2/rt_scopes", alist, ARRAY_LEN(rt_scope));
      }
      break;
    case RPDB_rttables:
      alist = rt_tables;
      if (!rttable_init) {
        rttable_init = 1;
        parseRPDB("/etc/iproute2/rt_tables", alist, ARRAY_LEN(rt_tables));
      }
      break;
    default: 
      error_exit("wrong database");
      break; // Unreachable code.
  }
  return alist;
}

/*
 * Parse RPBD tables (if not parsed already).
 * return RPDB table name as per idx.
 */
static char *namefromRPDB(int idx, u_int8_t whichDB)
{
  struct arglist **alist;

  if (idx < RT_TABLE_UNSPEC || idx >= RPDB_ENTRIES) {
    snprintf(toybuf, RPDB_ENTRIES, "%u", idx);
    return toybuf;
  }

  alist = getlist(whichDB);

  if (alist[idx] && alist[idx]->name) return alist[idx]->name;
  if (whichDB == RPDB_rtdsfield) snprintf(toybuf, RPDB_ENTRIES, "0x%02x", idx);
  else snprintf(toybuf, RPDB_ENTRIES, "%u", idx);

  return toybuf;
}

static int idxfromRPDB(char *name, u_int8_t whichDB)
{
  struct arglist **alist;
  int i = 0;

  for (alist = getlist(whichDB); i < RPDB_ENTRIES; i++) {
    if (!alist[i] || !alist[i]->name) continue;
    if (!strcmp(alist[i]->name, name)) return i;
  }
  return (atolx_range(name, 0, 255));
}

/*
 * TODO:
 * rtmtype_idx2str and rtmtype_str2idx interfaces may be used in IPROUTE too.
 */
static char *rtmtype_idx2str(u_int8_t idx)
{
  char *name = idx_to_string(idx, rtmtypes);

  if (!name) snprintf(toybuf, RPDB_ENTRIES, "%u", idx);
  else strcpy(toybuf, name);

  return toybuf;
}

static int rtmtype_str2idx(char *name)
{
  int idx = string_to_idx(name, rtmtypes);

  if (idx < 0) return atolx_range(name, 0, 255);
  return idx;
}

/*
 * Used to get the prefix value in binary form.
 * For IPv4: non-standard parsing used; as 10.10 will be treated as 10.10.0.0
 * unlike inet_aton which is 10.0.0.10
 */
static int get_prefix(uint32_t *addr, uint8_t *af, char *name, int family)
{
  if (family == AF_PACKET) error_exit("'%s' may be inet prefix", name);
  if (!memcmp(name, "default", strlen(name))
      || !memcmp(name, "all", strlen(name))
      || !memcmp(name, "any", strlen(name))) {
    *af = family;
    return 0;
  }
  if (strchr(name, ':')) {
    *af = AF_INET6;
    if (family != AF_UNSPEC && family != AF_INET6) return 1;
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, name, (void *)addr) != 1) 
      return 1;
  } else { // for IPv4.
    char *ptr = name;
    uint8_t count = 0;

    *af = AF_INET;
    if (family != AF_UNSPEC && family != AF_INET) return 1;
    while (*ptr) {
      int val, len = 0;

      if (*ptr == '.') ptr++;
      sscanf(ptr, "%d%n", &val, &len);
      if (!len || len > 3 || val < 0 || val > 255 || count > 3) return 1;
      ptr += len;
      ((uint8_t*)addr)[count++] = val;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
 * Used to calculate netmask, which can be in the form of
 * either 255.255.255.0 or 24 or default or any or all strings.
 */
static int get_nmask_prefix(uint32_t *netmask, uint8_t af,
    char *name, uint8_t family)
{
  char *ptr;
  uint32_t naddr[4] = {0,};
  uint64_t plen;
  uint8_t naf = AF_UNSPEC;

  *netmask = (af == AF_INET6) ? 128 : 32; // set default netmask
  plen = strtoul(name, &ptr, 0);

  if (!ptr || ptr == name || *ptr || !plen || plen > *netmask) {
    if (get_prefix(naddr, &naf, name, family)) return -1;
    if (naf == AF_INET) {
      uint32_t mask = htonl(*naddr), host = ~mask;
      if (host & (host + 1)) return -1;
      for (plen = 0; mask; mask <<= 1) ++plen;
      if (plen > 32) return -1;
    }
  }
  *netmask = plen;
  return 0;
}

/*
 * Parse prefix, which will be in form of
 * either default or default/default or default/24 or default/255.255.255.0
 * or 10.20.30.40 or 10.20.30.40/default or 10.20.30.40/24
 * or 10.20.30.40/255.255.255.0
 */
static void parse_prefix(uint32_t *addr, uint32_t *netmask, uint8_t *len,
    char *name, int family)
{
  uint8_t af = AF_UNSPEC;
  char *slash = strchr(name, '/');

  if (slash) *slash = 0;
  if (get_prefix(addr, &af, name, family)) error_exit("Invalid prefix");

  if (slash) { // grab netmask.
    if (get_nmask_prefix(netmask, af, slash+1, family))
      error_exit("Invalid prefix");
    *slash ='/';
  }
  else if (af == AF_INET && *addr) *netmask = 32;
  else if (af == AF_INET6 && (*addr || *(addr+3))) *netmask = 128;

  if (!*addr && !slash && !af) *len = 0;
  else *len = (af == AF_INET6) ? 16 : 4;
}

static void add_string_to_rtattr(struct nlmsghdr *n, int maxlen,
    int type, void *data, int alen)
{
  int len = RTA_LENGTH(alen);
  struct rtattr *rta;

  if ((int)(NLMSG_ALIGN(n->nlmsg_len) + len) > maxlen) return;
  rta = (struct rtattr*)(((char*)n) + NLMSG_ALIGN(n->nlmsg_len));
  rta->rta_type = type;
  rta->rta_len = len;
  memcpy(RTA_DATA(rta), data, alen);
  n->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_ALIGN(n->nlmsg_len) + len;
}



// ===========================================================================
// Code for ip link.
// ===========================================================================
#ifndef NLMSG_TAIL
#define NLMSG_TAIL(nmsg) \
  ((struct rtattr *) (((void *) (nmsg)) + NLMSG_ALIGN((nmsg)->nlmsg_len)))
#endif

static uint32_t get_ifaceindex(char *name, int ext)
{
  struct if_nameindex *if_ni, *i;
  int index = -1;
  if_ni = if_nameindex();
  if (if_ni == NULL) {
    perror("if_nameindex");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  for (i = if_ni; ! (i->if_index == 0 && i->if_name == NULL); i++)
    if(!strcmp(name,i->if_name)) { index =i->if_index; break; }
  if_freenameindex(if_ni);
  if (index == -1 && ext) perror_exit("can't find device '%s'", name);
  return index;
}

static void fill_hwaddr(char *arg, int len, unsigned char *address)
{
  int count = 0, val, length;

  while (count < len) {
    val = length = 0;
    if (*arg == ':') arg++, count++;
    sscanf(arg, "%2x%n", &val, &length);
    if (!length || length > 2)
      error_exit("bad hw-addr '%s'", arg ? arg : "");
    arg += length;
    count += length;
    *address++ = val;
  }
}

// Multimach = 1, single match = 0
static char *get_flag_string(struct arglist *aflags, int flags, int ismulti)
{
  struct arglist *p = aflags;
  char *out = NULL, *tmp = NULL;

  for (; p->name; p++) {
    int test = (ismulti ? p->idx & flags : 0) || p->idx == flags;
    if (test) { // flags can be zero
      tmp = out ? xmprintf("%s,%s", out, p->name) : xmprintf("%s", p->name);
      if (out) free(out);
      out = tmp;
    }
  }
  return out;
}

static void vlan_parse_opt(char **argv, struct nlmsghdr *n, unsigned int size)
{
  struct arglist vlan_optlist[] = {{"id", 0}, {"protocol", 1}, 
    {"reorder_hdr", 2}, {"gvrp", 3}, {NULL,-1}};
  struct arglist vlan_protolist[] = {{"802.1q", 0}, {"802.1ad", 1}, {NULL,-1}};
  struct arglist on_off[] = { {"on", 0}, {"off", 1}, {NULL,-1}};
  int idx;
  struct ifla_vlan_flags flags;

  memset(&flags, 0, sizeof(flags));
  for (; *argv; argv++) {
    int param, proto;

    if ((idx = substring_to_idx(*argv++, vlan_optlist)) == -1) iphelp();
    switch (idx) {
      case 0: // ARG_id
        if (!*argv) iphelp();
        param = atolx(*argv);
        add_string_to_rtattr(n, size, IFLA_VLAN_ID, &param, sizeof(param));
        break;
      case 1: // ARG_protocol
        if (!*argv) error_exit("Invalid vlan id.");
        if ((idx = substring_to_idx(*argv, vlan_protolist)) == -1) iphelp();
        if (!idx) proto = ETH_P_8021Q; // PROTO_8021Q - 0
        else if (idx == 1) proto = 0x88A8; // ETH Protocol - 8021AD
        // IFLA VLAN PROTOCOL - 5
        add_string_to_rtattr(n, size, 5, &proto, sizeof(proto));
        break;
      case 2: // ARG_reorder_hdr
      case 3: // ARG_gvrp
        if ((param = substring_to_idx(*argv, on_off)) == -1) iphelp();

        flags.mask |= (idx -1); // VLAN FLAG REORDER Header              
        flags.flags &= ~(idx -1); // VLAN FLAG REORDER Header            
        if (!param) flags.flags |= (idx -1); // VLAN FLAG REORDER Header
        break;
    }
  }
  if (flags.mask) 
    add_string_to_rtattr(n, size, IFLA_VLAN_FLAGS, &flags, sizeof(flags));
}

static int linkupdate(char **argv)
{
  struct {
    struct nlmsghdr mhdr;
    struct ifinfomsg info;
    char buf[1024];
  } request;  
  char *name, *dev, *type, *link, *addr;
  struct rtattr *attr = NULL;
  int len = 0, add = (*argv[-1] == 'a') ? 1 : 0;

  name = dev = type = link = addr = NULL;
  for (; *argv; argv++) {
    struct arglist objectlist[] = { {"type", 0}, {"name", 1}, {"link", 2}, 
      {"address", 3}, {NULL,-1}};
    uint8_t idx = substring_to_idx(*argv, objectlist);

    if (!idx) {
      type = *++argv;
      break;
    }
    else if (idx == 1) dev = name = *++argv;
    else if (idx == 2) link = *++argv;
    else if (idx == 3) addr = *++argv;
    else if (!dev) name = dev = *argv;
  }

  if (!name && !add)
    error_exit("Not enough information: \"dev\" argument is required.\n");
  else if (!type  && add)
    error_exit("Not enough information: \"type\" argument is required.\n");

  memset(&request, 0, sizeof(request));
  request.mhdr.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct ifinfomsg));
  request.mhdr.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_ACK;
  if (add) {
    request.mhdr.nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_CREATE|NLM_F_EXCL;
    request.mhdr.nlmsg_type = RTM_NEWLINK;
  } else {
    request.mhdr.nlmsg_type = RTM_DELLINK;
    request.info.ifi_index = get_ifaceindex(name, 1);
  }
  request.info.ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC;
  attr = NLMSG_TAIL(&request.mhdr);
  if (type) {
    add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request),
        IFLA_LINKINFO, NULL, 0);
    add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request),
        IFLA_INFO_KIND, type, strlen(type));
    if (!strcmp(type, "vlan")) {
      struct rtattr *data = NLMSG_TAIL(&request.mhdr);
      add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request), 
          IFLA_INFO_DATA, NULL, 0);
      vlan_parse_opt(++argv, &request.mhdr, sizeof(request));
      data->rta_len = (void *)NLMSG_TAIL(&request.mhdr) - (void *)data;
    }
    attr->rta_len = (void *)NLMSG_TAIL(&request.mhdr) - (void *)attr;
  }

  if (link) {
    uint32_t idx = get_ifaceindex(link, 1);
    add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request), 
        IFLA_LINK, &idx, sizeof(uint32_t));
  }
  if (addr) {
    char abuf[IF_NAMESIZE] = {0,};

    fill_hwaddr(addr, IF_NAMESIZE, (unsigned char *)abuf);
    add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request), 
        IFLA_ADDRESS, abuf, strlen(abuf));
  }
  if (!name) {
    snprintf(toybuf, IFNAMSIZ, "%s%d", type, 0);
    for (len = 1; ; len++) {
      if (!get_ifaceindex(toybuf, 0)) break;
      snprintf(toybuf, IFNAMSIZ, "%s%d", type, len);
    }
    name = toybuf;
  }
  len = strlen(name) + 1;
  if (len < 2 || len > IFNAMSIZ) error_exit("Invalid device name.");
  add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request), IFLA_IFNAME, name, len);

  send_nlmesg(0, 0, 0, (void *)&request, request.mhdr.nlmsg_len);
  return (filter_nlmesg(NULL,NULL));
}

static int link_set(char **argv)
{
  struct arglist cmd_objectlist[] = {{"up", 0}, {"down", 1}, {"arp", 2}, 
    {"multicast", 3}, {"dynamic", 4}, {"name", 5}, {"txqueuelen", 6}, 
    {"mtu", 7},{"address", 8}, {"broadcast", 9}, {NULL,-1}};
  int case_flags[] = {IFF_NOARP,IFF_MULTICAST,IFF_DYNAMIC};
  struct ifreq req;
  int idx, flags = 0, masks = 0xffff, fd;

  memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
  if (!*argv) error_exit("\"dev\" missing");
  strncpy(req.ifr_name, *argv, IF_NAMESIZE);
  fd = xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &req);
  for (++argv; *argv;) {
    if ((idx = substring_to_idx(*argv++, cmd_objectlist)) == -1) iphelp();
    switch(idx) {
      case 0:
        flags |= IFF_UP; break;
      case 1:
        masks &= ~IFF_UP; break;
      case 2:
      case 3:
      case 4:
        if (!*argv) iphelp();
        else if (!strcmp(*argv, "on")) {
          if (idx == 2) {
            masks &= ~case_flags[idx-2];
            flags &= ~case_flags[idx-2];
          } else flags |= case_flags[idx-2];
        } else if (!strcmp(*argv,"off")) {
          if (idx == 2) {
            masks |= case_flags[idx-2];
            flags |= case_flags[idx-2];
          } else masks &= ~case_flags[idx-2];
        } else iphelp();
        ++argv;
        break;
      case 5:
        strncpy(req.ifr_ifru.ifru_newname, *argv, IF_NAMESIZE);
        xioctl(fd, SIOCSIFNAME, &req);
        strncpy(req.ifr_name, *argv++, IF_NAMESIZE);
        xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &req);
        break;
      case 6:
        req.ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue = atolx(*argv++);
        xioctl(fd, SIOCSIFTXQLEN, &req);
        break;
      case 7:
        req.ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu = atolx(*argv++);
        xioctl(fd, SIOCSIFMTU, &req);
        break;
      case 8:
        xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &req);
        fill_hwaddr(*argv++, IF_NAMESIZE, 
            (unsigned char *)(req.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data));
        xioctl(fd, SIOCSIFHWADDR, &req);
        break;
      case 9:
        xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &req);
        fill_hwaddr(*argv++, IF_NAMESIZE,
            (unsigned char *)(req.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data));
        xioctl(fd, SIOCSIFHWBROADCAST, &req);
        break;
    }
  }
  xioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &req);
  req.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags |= flags;
  req.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags &= masks;
  xioctl(fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &req);
  xclose(fd);
  return 0;
}

static void print_stats(struct  rtnl_link_stats *rtstat)
{
  char *line_feed = (!TT.singleline ? "\n    " : " ");

  if (TT.stats > 0) {
    xprintf("    RX: bytes  packets  errors  "
        "dropped  overrun  mcast%s%-10u %-8u %-7u %-8u %-8u %-8u\n",
        line_feed, rtstat->rx_bytes, rtstat->rx_packets, rtstat->rx_errors,
        rtstat->rx_dropped, rtstat->rx_over_errors, rtstat->multicast);
    if (TT.stats > 1) {
      xprintf("    RX: errors  length  crc  "
          "frame  fifo  missed%s%-10u %-8u %-7u %-8u %-8u %-8u\n",
          line_feed, rtstat->rx_errors, rtstat->rx_length_errors,
          rtstat->rx_crc_errors, rtstat->rx_frame_errors,
          rtstat->rx_fifo_errors, rtstat->rx_missed_errors);
    }
    xprintf("    TX: bytes  packets  errors  "
        "dropped  carrier  collsns%s%-10u %-8u %-7u %-8u %-8u %-8u\n",
        line_feed, rtstat->tx_bytes, rtstat->tx_packets, rtstat->tx_errors,
        rtstat->tx_dropped, rtstat->tx_carrier_errors, rtstat->collisions);
    if (TT.stats > 1) {
      xprintf("    TX: errors  aborted  fifo  window  "
          "heartbeat%s%-10u %-8u %-7u %-8u %-8u\n",
          line_feed, rtstat->tx_errors, rtstat->tx_aborted_errors,
          rtstat->tx_fifo_errors, rtstat->tx_window_errors, 
          rtstat->tx_heartbeat_errors);
    }
  }
}

static int print_link_output(struct linkdata *link)
{
  char *line_feed = " ", *flags,*peer = "brd";
  struct arglist iface_flags[] = {{"",0},{"UP", IFF_UP}, 
    {"BROADCAST", IFF_BROADCAST}, {"DEBUG", IFF_DEBUG},
    {"LOOPBACK", IFF_LOOPBACK}, {"POINTOPOINT", IFF_POINTOPOINT},
    {"NOTRAILERS", IFF_NOTRAILERS}, {"RUNNING", IFF_RUNNING},
    {"NOARP", IFF_NOARP}, {"PROMISC",IFF_PROMISC},
    {"ALLMULTI", IFF_ALLMULTI}, {"MASTER", IFF_MASTER}, {"SLAVE", IFF_SLAVE},
    {"MULTICAST", IFF_MULTICAST}, {"PORTSEL", IFF_PORTSEL},
    {"AUTOMEDIA", IFF_AUTOMEDIA}, {"DYNAMIC", IFF_DYNAMIC}, {NULL,-1}};

  if (link->parent != -1) {
    int fd = 0;
    struct ifreq req;

    memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
    if_indextoname( link->parent,req.ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name);
    fd = xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFTXQLEN, &req)) perror("");
    else link->txqueuelen = req.ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue;
    xclose(fd);
  }

  if(TT.is_addr && addrinfo.label && fnmatch(addrinfo.label, link->iface, 0))
    return 0;


  if (!(flags = get_flag_string(iface_flags, link->flags, 1)))
    error_exit("Invalid data.");    
  if (!TT.singleline) line_feed="\n    ";
  if (link->parent != -1) {
    char iface[IF_NAMESIZE];

    if (!if_indextoname(link->parent, iface)) perror_exit(NULL);
    sprintf(toybuf,"%s@%s", link->iface, iface);
  }
  if(link->flags & IFF_POINTOPOINT) peer = "peer";
  if (TT.is_addr && TT.singleline && TT.addressfamily)
    xprintf("%d: %s", link->iface_idx,
        ((link->parent == -1) ? link->iface : toybuf));
  else xprintf("%d: %s: <%s> mtu %d qdisc %s state %s qlen %d",
      link->iface_idx, ((link->parent == -1) ? link->iface : toybuf), flags,
      link->mtu, link->qdiscpline, link->state, link->txqueuelen);

  if (!TT.addressfamily || TT.addressfamily == AF_PACKET)
    xprintf("%slink/%s %s %s %s",
        line_feed, link->type, link->laddr, peer ,link->bcast);

  xputc('\n');

  //user can specify stats flag two times
  //one for stats and other for erros e.g. -s and -s -s
  print_stats(&link->rt_stat);
  free(flags);

  return 0;
}

static void fill_address(void *p, char *ip)
{
  unsigned char *ptr = (unsigned char*)p;
  snprintf(ip, 64, " %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
      ptr[0], ptr[1], ptr[2], ptr[3], ptr[4], ptr[5]);
}

static int get_link_info(struct nlmsghdr* h,struct linkdata* link,char **argv)
{
  struct ifinfomsg *iface = NLMSG_DATA(h);
  struct rtattr *attr = IFLA_RTA(iface);
  int len = h->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*iface));
  struct arglist hwtypes[]={{"generic",0},{"ether",ARPHRD_ETHER},
    {"loopback", ARPHRD_LOOPBACK},{"sit",ARPHRD_SIT},
#ifdef ARPHRD_INFINIBAND
    {"infiniband",ARPHRD_INFINIBAND},
#endif
#ifdef ARPHRD_IEEE802_TR
    {"ieee802",ARPHRD_IEEE802}, {"tr",ARPHRD_IEEE802_TR},
#else
    {"tr",ARPHRD_IEEE802},
#endif
#ifdef ARPHRD_IEEE80211
    {"ieee802.11",ARPHRD_IEEE80211},
#endif
#ifdef ARPHRD_IEEE1394
    {"ieee1394",ARPHRD_IEEE1394},
#endif
    {"irda",ARPHRD_IRDA},{"slip",ARPHRD_SLIP},{"cslip",ARPHRD_CSLIP},
    {"slip6",ARPHRD_SLIP6}, {"cslip6",ARPHRD_CSLIP6}, {"ppp",ARPHRD_PPP},
    {"ipip",ARPHRD_TUNNEL}, {"tunnel6",ARPHRD_TUNNEL6},
    {"gre",ARPHRD_IPGRE},
#ifdef ARPHRD_VOID
    {"void",ARPHRD_VOID},
#endif
    {NULL,-1}};
  char *lname = get_flag_string(hwtypes, iface->ifi_type, 0);

  link->next = link->prev = 0;
  link->iface_type = iface->ifi_type;
  if (!lname) error_exit("Invalid link.");
  strncpy(link->type, lname, IFNAMSIZ);
  free(lname);
  link->iface_idx = iface->ifi_index;
  link->flags = iface->ifi_flags;
  if (*argv && !strcasecmp("up",*argv) && !(link->flags & IFF_UP)) return 1;
  link->parent =  -1;
  for (; RTA_OK(attr, len); attr = RTA_NEXT(attr, len)) {
    switch(attr->rta_type) {
      case IFLA_IFNAME:
        snprintf(link->iface, IFNAMSIZ, "%s",(char *) RTA_DATA(attr));
        break;
      case IFLA_ADDRESS:
        if ( iface->ifi_type== ARPHRD_TUNNEL ||
            iface->ifi_type == ARPHRD_SIT ||
            iface->ifi_type == ARPHRD_IPGRE)
          inet_ntop(AF_INET, RTA_DATA(attr), link->laddr, 64);
        else fill_address(RTA_DATA(attr), link->laddr);
        break;
      case IFLA_BROADCAST:
        if (iface->ifi_type== ARPHRD_TUNNEL ||
            iface->ifi_type == ARPHRD_SIT ||
            iface->ifi_type == ARPHRD_IPGRE)
          inet_ntop(AF_INET, RTA_DATA(attr), link->bcast, 64);
        else  fill_address(RTA_DATA(attr), link->bcast);
        break;
      case IFLA_MTU:
        link->mtu = *((int*)(RTA_DATA(attr)));
        break;
      case IFLA_QDISC:
        snprintf(link->qdiscpline, IFNAMSIZ, "%s", (char *) RTA_DATA(attr));
        break;
      case IFLA_STATS  :
        link->rt_stat = *((struct rtnl_link_stats*) RTA_DATA(attr));
        break;
      case IFLA_LINK:
        link->parent = *((int*)(RTA_DATA(attr)));
        break;
      case IFLA_TXQLEN:
        link->txqueuelen = *((int*)(RTA_DATA(attr)));
        break;
      case IFLA_OPERSTATE: 
        {
          struct arglist flags[]={{"UNKNOWN", 0}, {"NOTPRESENT", 1}, 
            {"DOWN", 2}, {"LOWERLAYERDOWN", 3}, {"TESTING", 4}, 
            {"DORMANT", 5}, {"UP", 6}, {NULL, -1}};
          if (!(lname = get_flag_string(flags, *((int*)(RTA_DATA(attr))), 0)))
            error_exit("Invalid state.");
          strncpy(link->state, lname,IFNAMSIZ);
          free(lname);
        }
        break;
      default: break;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

static int display_link_info(struct nlmsghdr *mhdr, char **argv)
{
  struct linkdata link;

  if(!get_link_info(mhdr, &link, argv)){
    if(TT.is_addr) {
      struct linkdata *lnk = xzalloc(sizeof(struct linkdata));
      memcpy(lnk, &link, sizeof(struct linkdata));
      dlist_add_nomalloc((struct double_list **)&linfo,
          (struct double_list *)lnk);
    }
    else print_link_output(&link);
  }
  return 0;
}

static int link_show(char **argv)
{
  struct {
    struct nlmsghdr mhdr;
    struct ifinfomsg info;
  } request;
  uint32_t index = 0;

  if (*argv && strcasecmp("up",*argv)) index = get_ifaceindex(*argv, 1);
  memset(&request, 0, sizeof(request));
  request.mhdr.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct ifinfomsg));
  request.mhdr.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_ACK;
  if (!index) request.mhdr.nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_ROOT|NLM_F_MATCH;
  else request.info.ifi_change =  0xffffffff; // used in single operation
  request.mhdr.nlmsg_type = RTM_GETLINK;
  request.info.ifi_index = index;
  request.info.ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC;
  send_nlmesg(0, 0, 0, (void*)&request, sizeof(request));
  return (filter_nlmesg(display_link_info, argv));
}

static int iplink(char **argv)
{
  int idx;
  cmdobj ipcmd, cmdobjlist[] = {linkupdate, link_set, link_show};
  struct arglist cmd_objectlist[] = {{"add", 0}, {"delete", 0},
    {"set", 1}, {"show", 2}, {"list", 2}, {"lst", 2}, {NULL,-1}};

  if (!*argv) idx = 2;
  else if ((idx = substring_to_idx(*argv++, cmd_objectlist)) == -1) iphelp();
  ipcmd = cmdobjlist[idx];
  return ipcmd(argv);
}

// ===========================================================================
// Code for ip addr.
// ===========================================================================

static int print_addrinfo(struct nlmsghdr *h, int flag_l)
{
  struct rtattr *rta, *rta_tb[IFA_MAX+1] = {0,};
  char *family = toybuf, *scope = toybuf+256, *label = toybuf+512,
       *brd = toybuf+768, *peer = toybuf+1024, *any = toybuf+1280,
       lbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN] = {0,}, lbuf_ifa[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN] = {0,};
  struct ifaddrmsg *ifa = NLMSG_DATA(h);
  int len;

  if ((len = h->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*ifa))) < 0) {
    error_msg("wrong nlmsg len %d", len);
    return 0;
  }

  for (rta = IFA_RTA(ifa); RTA_OK(rta, len); rta=RTA_NEXT(rta, len))
    if (rta->rta_type <= IFA_MAX) rta_tb[rta->rta_type] = rta;

  if (!rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]) rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL] = rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS];
  if (!rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS]) rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS] = rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL];
  if ((addrinfo.scope ^ ifa->ifa_scope)&addrinfo.scopemask) return 0;
  if (addrinfo.ifindex && addrinfo.ifindex != ifa->ifa_index) return 0;

  if (flag_l && addrinfo.label && ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET6) return 0;
  if ((rta_tb[IFA_LABEL])) {
    strcpy(label, RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_LABEL]));
    if(addrinfo.label && fnmatch(addrinfo.label, label, 0))
      return 0;
  }

  if (TT.flush) {
    if (ifa->ifa_index == addrinfo.ifindex) {
      h->nlmsg_type = RTM_DELADDR;
      h->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
      send_nlmesg(RTM_DELADDR, 0, 0, h, h->nlmsg_len);
      return 0;
    }
  }

  if (h->nlmsg_type == RTM_DELADDR) printf("Deleted ");

  if (TT.singleline) {
    if (!if_indextoname(ifa->ifa_index, lbuf)) perror_exit(NULL);
    printf("%u: %s",ifa->ifa_index, lbuf);
  }

  sprintf(scope, " scope %s ", namefromRPDB(ifa->ifa_scope, RPDB_rtscopes));

  if (ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET) strcpy(family, "    inet ");
  else if (ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET6) strcpy(family, "    inet6 ");
  else sprintf(family, "    family %d", ifa->ifa_family);

  if (rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]) {
    if (!inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]),
          lbuf, sizeof(lbuf))) perror_exit("inet");

    sprintf(family+strlen(family), lbuf, strlen(lbuf));
    if (!rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS] || !memcmp(RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS]),
          RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]), 4))
      sprintf(family+strlen(family), "/%d ", ifa->ifa_prefixlen);
    else {
      if (!inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS]),
            lbuf_ifa, sizeof(lbuf_ifa))) perror_exit("inet");
      sprintf(peer, " peer %s/%d ", lbuf_ifa, ifa->ifa_prefixlen);
    }
  }

  if (addrinfo.to && strcmp(addrinfo.addr, lbuf))
    return 0;

  if (rta_tb[IFA_BROADCAST]) {
    if (!inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_BROADCAST]),
          lbuf, sizeof(lbuf))) perror_exit("inet");
    sprintf(brd, " brd %s", lbuf);
  }else brd = "";

  if (rta_tb[IFA_ANYCAST]) {
    if (!inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_ANYCAST]),
          lbuf, sizeof(lbuf))) perror_exit("inet");
    sprintf(any, " any %s", lbuf);
  }

  if (ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET)
    printf("%s%s%s%s%s %c", family, brd, peer, scope, label,
        (TT.singleline? '\0' : '\n'));
  else printf("%s%s %c", family, scope, (TT.singleline? '\0' : '\n'));
  if (TT.singleline && (ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET)) xputc('\n');

  if (rta_tb[IFA_CACHEINFO]) {
    struct ifa_cacheinfo *ci = RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_CACHEINFO]);

    printf("%c      valid_lft ", (TT.singleline? '\\' : '\0'));
    if (ci->ifa_valid ==  0xFFFFFFFFU) printf("forever");
    else printf("%usec", ci->ifa_valid);
    printf(" preferred_lft ");
    if (ci->ifa_prefered ==  0xFFFFFFFFU) printf("forever");
    else printf("%dsec", ci->ifa_prefered);
    xputc('\n');
  }
  return 0;
}

static int ipaddrupdate(char **argv)
{
  int length, cmd = !memcmp("add", argv[-1], strlen(argv[-1]))
    ? RTM_NEWADDR: RTM_DELADDR;
  int idx = 0,length_brd = 0, length_peer = 0,length_any = 0,length_local = 0,
      scoped = 0;
  char *dev = NULL,*label = NULL, reply[8192];

  unsigned    scope;
  struct nlmsghdr *addr_ptr = NULL;
  struct nlmsgerr *err = NULL;
  struct arglist cmd_objectlist[] = {{"dev",0}, {"peer", 1},
    {"remote", 2}, {"broadcast", 3}, {"brd", 4}, {"label", 5},
    {"anycast", 6},{"scope", 7}, {"local", 8}, {NULL, -1}};
  struct{
    struct nlmsghdr nlm;
    struct ifaddrmsg ifadd;
    char buf[256];
  } req;
  typedef struct{
    int family, bytelen, bitlen;
    __u32  data[8];
  }option_data;
  option_data local;

  memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
  req.nlm.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct ifaddrmsg));
  req.nlm.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_ACK;
  req.nlm.nlmsg_type = cmd;
  req.ifadd.ifa_family = TT.addressfamily;

  while(*argv) {
    idx = substring_to_idx(*argv, cmd_objectlist);
    if (idx >= 0)
      if (!*++argv)
        error_exit("Incomplete Command line");
    switch(idx) {
      case 0:
        dev = *argv;
        break;
      case 1:
      case 2:
        {
          uint32_t addr[4] = {0,}, netmask = 0;
          uint8_t len = 0;
          parse_prefix(addr, &netmask, &len, *argv,
              req.ifadd.ifa_family);
          if (len)
            req.ifadd.ifa_family = ((len == 4) ? AF_INET : AF_INET6);
          length_peer = len;
          add_string_to_rtattr(&req.nlm, sizeof(req),
              IFA_ADDRESS, addr, len);
          req.ifadd.ifa_prefixlen = netmask;
        }
        break;
      case 3:
      case 4:
        if (*argv[0] == '+') {
          length_brd = -1;
        } else if (*argv[0] == '-') {
          length_brd = -2;
        } else {
          uint32_t addr[4] = {0,};
          uint8_t af = AF_UNSPEC;

          if (get_prefix(addr, &af, *argv, req.ifadd.ifa_family))
            error_exit("Invalid prefix");

          length_brd = ((af == AF_INET6) ? 16 : 4);
          if (req.ifadd.ifa_family == AF_UNSPEC)
            req.ifadd.ifa_family = af;
          add_string_to_rtattr(&req.nlm, sizeof(req),
              IFA_BROADCAST, &addr, length_brd);
        }
        break;
      case 5:
        label = *argv;
        add_string_to_rtattr(&req.nlm, sizeof(req),
            IFA_LABEL, label, strlen(label) + 1);
        break;
      case 6:
        {
          uint32_t addr[4] = {0,};
          uint8_t af = AF_UNSPEC;

          if (get_prefix(addr, &af, *argv, req.ifadd.ifa_family))
            error_exit("Invalid prefix");
          length_any = ((af == AF_INET6) ? 16 : 4);
          if (req.ifadd.ifa_family == AF_UNSPEC)
            req.ifadd.ifa_family = af;
          add_string_to_rtattr(&req.nlm, sizeof(req),
              IFA_ANYCAST, &addr, length_brd);
        }
        break;
      case 7:
        scope = idxfromRPDB(*argv, RPDB_rtscopes);
        if (scope){
          if (!strcmp(*argv, "scope"))
            error_exit("wrong scope '%s'", *argv);
        }
        req.ifadd.ifa_scope = scope;
        scoped =1;
        break;
      default:
        {
          //local is by default
          uint32_t addr[8] = {0,}, netmask = 0;
          uint8_t len = 0;

          parse_prefix(addr, &netmask, &len, *argv,
              req.ifadd.ifa_family);
          if (len)
            req.ifadd.ifa_family = ((len == 4) ? AF_INET : AF_INET6);
          length_local = len;
          local.bitlen = netmask;
          local.bytelen = len;
          memcpy(local.data, addr, sizeof(local.data));
          local.family = req.ifadd.ifa_family;
          add_string_to_rtattr(&req.nlm, sizeof(req),
              IFA_LOCAL, &local.data, local.bytelen);
        }
        break;
    }
    argv++;
  }
  if (!dev) error_exit("need \"dev \" argument");
  if (label && strncmp(dev, label, strlen(dev)) != 0)
    error_exit("\"dev\" (%s) must match \"label\" (%s)", dev, label);

  if (length_peer == 0 && length_local && cmd != RTM_DELADDR){
    add_string_to_rtattr(&req.nlm, sizeof(req),
        IFA_ADDRESS, &local.data, local.bytelen);
  }

  if (length_brd < 0 && cmd != RTM_DELADDR){
    int i;

    if (req.ifadd.ifa_family != AF_INET)
      error_exit("broadcast can be set only for IPv4 addresses");

    if (local.bitlen <= 30) {
      for (i = 31; i >= local.bitlen; i--) {
        if (length_brd == -1)
          local.data[0] |= htonl(1<<(31-i));
        else
          local.data[0] &= ~htonl(1<<(31-i));
      }
      add_string_to_rtattr(&req.nlm, sizeof(req),
          IFA_BROADCAST, &local.data, local.bytelen);
      length_brd = local.bytelen;
    }
  }
  if (req.ifadd.ifa_prefixlen == 0)
    req.ifadd.ifa_prefixlen = local.bitlen;
  if (!scoped && (cmd != RTM_DELADDR) && (local.family == AF_INET)
      && (local.bytelen >= 1 && *(uint8_t*)&local.data == 127))
    req.ifadd.ifa_scope = RT_SCOPE_HOST;
  req.ifadd.ifa_index = get_ifaceindex(dev, 1);

  send_nlmesg(RTM_NEWADDR, 0, AF_UNSPEC, (void *)&req, req.nlm.nlmsg_len);
  length = recv(TT.sockfd, reply, sizeof(reply), 0);
  addr_ptr = (struct nlmsghdr *) reply;
  for (; NLMSG_OK(addr_ptr, length); addr_ptr = NLMSG_NEXT(addr_ptr, length)) {
    if (addr_ptr->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE)
      return 1;
    if (addr_ptr->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR)
      err = (struct nlmsgerr*) NLMSG_DATA(addr_ptr);
    if (err->error != 0){
      errno = -err->error;
      perror_exit("RTNETLINK answers:");
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

static int ipaddr_listflush(char **argv)
{
  int idx; uint32_t netmask = 0, found = 0;
  char *tmp = NULL, *name = NULL;
  struct double_list *dlist;
  struct arglist cmd_objectlist[] = {{"to", 0}, {"scope", 1}, {"up", 2},
    {"label", 3}, {"dev", 4}, {NULL, -1}};

  TT.flush = *argv[-1] == 'f' ? 1 : 0;
  memset(&addrinfo, 0, sizeof(addrinfo));

  if (TT.flush) {
    if (!*argv)
      error_exit("Incomplete command for \"flush\"");
    if (TT.addressfamily == AF_PACKET)
      error_exit("Can't flush link Addressess");
  }
  addrinfo.scope = -1;
  while (*argv) {
    unsigned scope = 0;

    switch (idx = substring_to_idx(*argv, cmd_objectlist)) {
      case 0: 
        {// ADDR_TO
          if (!*++argv) error_exit("Incomplete Command line");
          else if(!strcmp(*argv, "0")) return 0;
          uint32_t addr[4] = {0,};
          uint8_t len = 0;

          addrinfo.to = 1;
          parse_prefix(addr, &netmask, &len, *argv, TT.addressfamily);
          if (len)
            TT.addressfamily = ((len == 4) ? AF_INET : AF_INET6);
          addrinfo.addr  = strtok(*argv, "/");
        }
        break;
      case 1: // ADDR_SCOPE
        if (!*++argv) error_exit("Incomplete Command line");
        name = *argv;

        addrinfo.scopemask = -1;
        if (isdigit(**argv)) {
          int idx = atolx(*argv);

          name = xstrdup(namefromRPDB(idx, RPDB_rtscopes));
        }
        scope = idxfromRPDB(name, RPDB_rtscopes);

        if (!scope && strcmp(name, "global")) {
          if (strcmp(name, "all"))
            error_exit("wrong scope '%s'", name);
          scope = RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE;
          addrinfo.scopemask = 0;
        }
        if (isdigit(**argv))
          free(name);
        addrinfo.scope = scope;
        break;       
      case 2: // ADDR_UP
        addrinfo.up = 1;
        break;            
      case 3: // ADDR_LABEL
        if (!*++argv) error_exit("Incomplete Command line");
        addrinfo.label = *argv;
        break;
      case 4: // ADDR_DEV
        if (!*++argv) error_exit("Incomplete Command line");

      default:                               
        if (TT.filter_dev)
          error_exit("Either \"dev\" is duplicate or %s is garbage",
              *argv);
        TT.filter_dev = *argv;
        break;
    }
    argv++;
  }

  link_show(&tmp);
  while ( linfo && (dlist = dlist_pop(&linfo))){    
    struct linkdata *tmp  = (struct linkdata*) dlist;
    char *temp = &tmp->iface[0];

    if (TT.filter_dev && strcmp(TT.filter_dev, temp))
      continue;
    found = 1;
    if (TT.flush && addrinfo.label) ipaddr_print( tmp, 0);
    if (addrinfo.up && !(tmp->flags & IFF_UP)){
      ipaddr_print(tmp, 0);
      continue;
    }
    if (addrinfo.label){
      if ( fnmatch(addrinfo.label, temp, 0)) {
        ipaddr_print(tmp, 1);
        continue;
      }      
    }
    if (!TT.addressfamily && ! TT.flush ) print_link_output(tmp);

    ipaddr_print(tmp, 0);
    free(tmp);
  }
  if (TT.filter_dev && !found)
    error_exit("Device \"%s\" doesn't exist. \n", TT.filter_dev);
  return 0;
}

static int ipaddr_print( struct linkdata *link, int flag_l)
{
  struct nlmsghdr *addr_ptr;
  int ip_match = 0;

  addrinfo.ifindex = link->iface_idx;
  send_nlmesg(RTM_GETADDR, NLM_F_ROOT|NLM_F_MATCH|NLM_F_REQUEST,
      AF_UNSPEC, NULL, 0);
  if (TT.addressfamily == AF_PACKET) print_link_output(link);

  if(addrinfo.label){
    char *col = strchr(addrinfo.label, ':');
    if (!col && (fnmatch(addrinfo.label, &link->iface[0], 0)))
      return 0;
  }

  while (1){
    int len = recv(TT.sockfd, TT.gbuf, sizeof(TT.gbuf), 0);
    addr_ptr = (struct nlmsghdr *)TT.gbuf;
    struct ifaddrmsg *addressInfo = NLMSG_DATA(addr_ptr);
    char lbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
    struct rtattr *rta, *rta_tb[IFA_MAX+1] = {0,};

    int len1 = addr_ptr->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(*addressInfo));
    if (len1 > 0) {
      for (; NLMSG_OK(addr_ptr, len); addr_ptr = NLMSG_NEXT(addr_ptr, len)) {
        addressInfo = NLMSG_DATA(addr_ptr);     
        if (TT.addressfamily && TT.addressfamily != addressInfo->ifa_family)
          continue;
        if (addrinfo.ifindex && addrinfo.ifindex != addressInfo->ifa_index)
          continue;

        if(addrinfo.to){        
          memset(rta_tb, 0, sizeof(rta_tb));
          int rt_len = IFA_PAYLOAD(addr_ptr);
          for (rta = IFA_RTA(addressInfo); RTA_OK(rta, rt_len); rta=RTA_NEXT(rta, rt_len)) {
            if (rta->rta_type <= IFA_MAX) rta_tb[rta->rta_type] = rta;
          }
          if (!rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]) rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL] = rta_tb[IFA_ADDRESS];              
          if (rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]) {
            if (!inet_ntop(TT.addressfamily, RTA_DATA(rta_tb[IFA_LOCAL]),
                  lbuf, sizeof(lbuf))) perror_exit("inet");
            if (strcmp(addrinfo.addr, lbuf))
              continue;
            ip_match=1;
          }
          if(!ip_match)
            continue;
        }

        if(!TT.flush){
          if (addrinfo.scope != -1 && TT.addressfamily && TT.addressfamily ==
              addressInfo->ifa_family &&
              (addrinfo.ifindex == addressInfo->ifa_index)) {
            if(addrinfo.scope != addressInfo->ifa_scope)
              continue;
            else if (addrinfo.up && (link->flags & IFF_UP))
              print_link_output(link);
            else if (!addrinfo.up) print_link_output(link);
          }
          if (TT.addressfamily &&
              (addrinfo.ifindex == addressInfo->ifa_index) &&
              (addrinfo.scope == -1)){
            if (addrinfo.up && (link->flags & IFF_UP))
              print_link_output(link);
            else if (!addrinfo.up) print_link_output(link);
          }
        }
        for (; NLMSG_OK(addr_ptr, len); addr_ptr = NLMSG_NEXT(addr_ptr, len)) {
          if ((addr_ptr->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWADDR))
            print_addrinfo(addr_ptr, flag_l);
          if ((addr_ptr->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_DONE) ||
              (addr_ptr->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) ||
              (TT.flush && addrinfo.to))
            goto ret_stop;          
        }
      }
    }
    else
      return 0;
  }

ret_stop:
  return 0;
}

static int ipaddr(char **argv)
{
  int    idx;
  cmdobj ipcmd, cmdobjlist[] = {ipaddrupdate, ipaddr_listflush};
  struct arglist cmd_objectlist[] = { {"add", 0}, {"delete", 0},
    {"list", 1},{"show", 1},{"lst", 1}, {"flush", 1}, {NULL,-1}};

  TT.is_addr++;
  if (!*argv) idx = 1;
  else if ((idx = substring_to_idx(*argv++, cmd_objectlist)) == -1) iphelp();

  ipcmd = cmdobjlist[idx];
  return ipcmd(argv);
}

// ===========================================================================
// TODO: code for ip route.
// ===========================================================================
static int iproute(char **argv)
{
  printf("__FUNCTION__ = %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
  return 0;
}

// ===========================================================================
// code for ip rule.
// ===========================================================================
static void show_iprule_help(void)
{
  char *errmsg = "Usage: ip rule [ list | add | del ] SELECTOR ACTION\n"
    "SELECTOR := [ from PREFIX ] [ to PREFIX ] [pref NUMBER] [ tos TOS ]\n"
    "            [ fwmark FWMARK] [ dev/iif STRING ] [type TYPE]\n"
    "ACTION := [ table TABLE_ID ] [ realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM ]";

  error_exit(errmsg);
}

static int ruleupdate(char **argv)
{
  int8_t idx, tflag = 0, opt = (*argv[-1] == 'a') ? RTM_NEWRULE : RTM_DELRULE;
  struct arglist options[] = {{"from", 0}, {"to", 1}, {"preference", 2},
    {"order", 2}, {"priority", 2}, {"tos", 3}, {"dsfield", 3}, {"fwmark", 4},
    {"realms", 5}, {"table", 6}, {"lookup", 6}, {"dev", 7}, {"iif", 7},
    {"nat", 8}, {"map-to", 8}, {"type", 9}, {"help", 10}, {NULL, -1}};
  struct {
    struct nlmsghdr mhdr;
    struct rtmsg    msg;
    char buf[1024];
  } request;

  memset(&request, 0, sizeof(request));
  request.mhdr.nlmsg_type = opt;
  request.mhdr.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct rtmsg));
  request.mhdr.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ACK |
    ((opt == RTM_DELRULE) ? 0 : NLM_F_CREATE | NLM_F_EXCL);
  request.msg.rtm_family = TT.addressfamily;
  request.msg.rtm_protocol = RTPROT_BOOT;
  request.msg.rtm_scope = RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
  request.msg.rtm_table = 0;
  request.msg.rtm_type = ((opt == RTM_DELRULE) ? RTN_UNSPEC : RTN_UNICAST);

  for (; *argv; argv++) {
    switch ((idx = substring_to_idx(*argv, options))) {
      case 0:
      case 1: 
        { // e.g. from IP/Netmask and to IP/Netmask.
          uint32_t addr[4] = {0,}, netmask = 0;
          uint8_t len = 0, *tmp;

          if (!*++argv) error_exit("'%s': Missing Prefix", argv[-1]);
          parse_prefix(addr, &netmask, &len, *argv, request.msg.rtm_family);

          tmp = idx ? &request.msg.rtm_dst_len : &request.msg.rtm_src_len;
          if (!netmask) *tmp = 0;
          else *tmp = netmask;

          add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request),
              (idx ? RTA_DST : RTA_SRC), addr, len);
        }
        break;
      case 2:
      case 4: 
        { // e.g. Preference p# and fwmark MARK
          uint32_t pref;
          char *ptr;

          if (!*++argv)
            error_exit("Missing %s", (idx == 2) ? "Preference" : "fwmark");
          pref = strtoul(*argv, &ptr, 0);
          if (!ptr || (ptr == *argv) || *ptr  || pref > 0xFFFFFFFFUL)
            error_exit("Invalid %s",  (idx == 2) ? "Preference" : "fwmark");
          add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request),
              ((idx == 2) ? RTA_PRIORITY : RTA_PROTOINFO),
              (void *)&pref, sizeof(uint32_t));
        }
        break;
      case 3:
        {
          if (!*++argv) error_exit("Missing TOS key");
          request.msg.rtm_tos = idxfromRPDB(*argv, RPDB_rtdsfield);
        }
        break;
      case 5:
        { // e.g. realms FROM_realm/TO_realm
          uint32_t realms = 0;
          char *ptr;

          if (!*++argv) error_exit("Missing REALMSID");
          if ((ptr = strchr(*argv, '/'))) {
            *ptr = 0;
            realms = idxfromRPDB(*argv, RPDB_rtrealms);
            realms <<= 16;
            *ptr++ = '/';
          } else ptr = *argv;
          realms |= idxfromRPDB(ptr, RPDB_rtrealms);
          add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request),
              RTA_FLOW, (void *)&realms, sizeof(uint32_t));
        }
        break;
      case 6:
        { // e.g. table tid/tableName
          if (!*++argv) error_exit("Missing TableID");
          request.msg.rtm_table = idxfromRPDB(*argv, RPDB_rttables);
          tflag = 1;
        }
        break;
      case 7:
        {
          if (!*++argv) error_exit("Missing dev/iif NAME");
          add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request),
              RTA_IIF, *argv, strlen(*argv)+1);
        }
        break;
      case 8:
        {
          uint32_t addr[4] = {0,};
          uint8_t af = AF_UNSPEC;

          if (!*++argv) error_exit("Missing nat/map-to ADDRESS");
          if (get_prefix(addr, &af /* Un-used variable */, *argv, AF_INET))
            error_exit("Invalid mapping Address");

          add_string_to_rtattr(&request.mhdr, sizeof(request),
              RTA_GATEWAY, addr, sizeof(uint32_t));
          request.msg.rtm_type = RTN_NAT;
        }
        break;
      case 9:
        {
          if (!*++argv) error_exit("TYPE Missing");
          request.msg.rtm_type = rtmtype_str2idx(*argv);
        }
        break;
      case 10: 
        show_iprule_help();
        break; // Unreachable code.
      default: 
        error_exit("Invalid argument '%s'", *argv);
        break; // Unreachable code.
    }
  }

  if (!request.msg.rtm_family) request.msg.rtm_family = AF_INET;
  if (!tflag && opt == RTM_NEWRULE) request.msg.rtm_table = RT_TABLE_MAIN;

  send_nlmesg(0, 0, 0, &request, sizeof(request));
  return (filter_nlmesg(NULL, NULL));
}

static int show_rules(struct nlmsghdr *mhdr,
    char **argv __attribute__ ((__unused__)))
{
  struct rtmsg *msg = NLMSG_DATA(mhdr);
  struct rtattr *rta, *attr[RTA_MAX+1] = {0,};
  int32_t tvar, msglen = mhdr->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct rtmsg));
  int hlen = ((msg->rtm_family == AF_INET) ? 32
      : ((msg->rtm_family == AF_INET6) ? 128 : -1));

  if (mhdr->nlmsg_type != RTM_NEWRULE) return 0;
  if (msglen < 0) return 1;

  tvar = msglen;
  for (rta = RTM_RTA(msg); RTA_OK(rta, tvar); rta=RTA_NEXT(rta, tvar))
    if (rta->rta_type <= RTA_MAX) attr[rta->rta_type] = rta;

  if (tvar) error_msg("deficit %d, rtalen = %d!", tvar, rta->rta_len);

  printf("%u:\tfrom ", attr[RTA_PRIORITY] ?
      *(unsigned *)RTA_DATA(attr[RTA_PRIORITY]) : 0);

  if (attr[RTA_SRC]) {
    printf("%s", (msg->rtm_family == AF_INET || msg->rtm_family == AF_INET6)
        ? inet_ntop(msg->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(attr[RTA_SRC]),
          toybuf, sizeof(toybuf))
        : "???");
    (msg->rtm_src_len != hlen) ? printf("/%u", msg->rtm_src_len) : 0;
  } else msg->rtm_src_len ? printf("0/%d", msg->rtm_src_len) : printf("all");

  xputc(' ');
  if (attr[RTA_DST]) {
    printf("to %s", (msg->rtm_family == AF_INET || msg->rtm_family == AF_INET6)
        ? inet_ntop(msg->rtm_family, RTA_DATA(attr[RTA_DST]),
          toybuf, sizeof(toybuf))  : "???");
    (msg->rtm_dst_len != hlen) ? printf("/%u", msg->rtm_dst_len) : xputc(' ');
  } else if (msg->rtm_dst_len)
    printf("to 0/%d ", msg->rtm_dst_len);

  if (msg->rtm_tos)
    printf("tos %s ", namefromRPDB(msg->rtm_tos, RPDB_rtdsfield));

  if (attr[RTA_PROTOINFO])
    printf("fwmark %#x ", *(uint32_t*)RTA_DATA(attr[RTA_PROTOINFO]));

  if (attr[RTA_IIF]) printf("iif %s ", (char*)RTA_DATA(attr[RTA_IIF]));

  if (msg->rtm_table)
    printf("lookup %s ", namefromRPDB(msg->rtm_table, RPDB_rttables));

  if (attr[RTA_FLOW]) {
    u_int32_t from, to = *(u_int32_t *)RTA_DATA(attr[RTA_FLOW]);
    char *format = "realms %s/";

    to = (from = (to >> 16)) & 0xFFFF;
    format = (from ? format: "%s");
    printf(format, namefromRPDB((from ? from : to), RPDB_rtrealms));
  }

  if (msg->rtm_type == RTN_NAT) {
    if (!attr[RTA_GATEWAY]) printf("masquerade");
    else printf("map-to %s ", inet_ntop(msg->rtm_family,
          RTA_DATA(attr[RTA_GATEWAY]), toybuf, sizeof(toybuf)));
  } else if (msg->rtm_type != RTN_UNICAST)
    printf("%s", rtmtype_idx2str(msg->rtm_type));

  xputc('\n');
  return 0;
}

static int rulelist(char **argv)
{
  if (*argv) {
    error_msg("'ip rule show' does not take any arguments.");
    return 1;
  }
  send_nlmesg(RTM_GETRULE, NLM_F_ROOT | NLM_F_MATCH | NLM_F_REQUEST,
      ((TT.addressfamily != AF_UNSPEC) ? TT.addressfamily : AF_INET), NULL, 0);
  return filter_nlmesg(show_rules, argv);
}

static int iprule(char **argv)
{
  int idx;
  struct arglist options[] = {{"add", 0}, {"delete", 0}, {"list", 1},
    {"show", 1}, {NULL, -1}};
  cmdobj ipcmd, cmdobjlist[] = {ruleupdate, rulelist};

  if (!*argv) idx = 1;
  else if ((idx = substring_to_idx(*argv++, options)) == -1)
    show_iprule_help();
  ipcmd = cmdobjlist[idx];
  return ipcmd(argv);
}
//============================================================================
// TODO: code for ip tunnel.
//============================================================================
static int iptunnel(char **argv)
{
  printf("__FUNCTION__ = %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
  return 0;
}

// ===========================================================================
// Common code, which is used for all ip options.
// ===========================================================================

// Parse netlink messages and call input callback handler for action
static int filter_nlmesg(int (*fun)(struct nlmsghdr *mhdr, char **argv),
    char **argv)
{
  while (1) {
    struct nlmsghdr *mhdr;
    int msglen = recv(TT.sockfd, TT.gbuf, MESG_LEN, 0);

    if ((msglen < 0) && (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)) continue;
    else if (msglen < 0) {
      error_msg("netlink receive error %s", strerror(errno));
      return 1;
    } else if (!msglen) {
      error_msg("EOF on netlink");
      return 1;
    }

    for (mhdr = (struct nlmsghdr*)TT.gbuf; NLMSG_OK(mhdr, msglen);
        mhdr = NLMSG_NEXT(mhdr, msglen)) {
      int err;
      if (mhdr->nlmsg_pid != getpid())
        continue;
      switch (mhdr->nlmsg_type) {
        case NLMSG_DONE:
          return 0;
        case NLMSG_ERROR:
          {
            struct nlmsgerr *merr = (struct nlmsgerr*)NLMSG_DATA(mhdr);

            if (merr->error == 0) return 0;
            if (mhdr->nlmsg_len < NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct nlmsgerr)))
              error_msg("ERROR truncated");
            else {
              errno = -merr->error;
              perror_msg("RTNETLINK answers");
            }
            return 1;
          }
        default:
          if (fun && (err = fun(mhdr, argv))) return err;
          break;
      }
    } // End of for loop.
  } // End of while loop.
  return 0;
}

void ip_main(void)
{
  char **optargv = toys.argv;
  //TT.addressfamily = AF_UNSPEC;
  int idx, isip = !(toys.which->name[2]); //1 -> if only ip
  cmdobj ipcmd, cmdobjlist[] = {ipaddr, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel};

  for (++optargv; *optargv; ++optargv) {
    char *ptr = *optargv;
    struct arglist ip_options[] = {{"oneline", 0}, {"family",  1},
      {"4", 1}, {"6", 1}, {"0", 1}, {"stats", 2}, {NULL, -1}};

    if (*ptr != '-') break;
    else if ((*(ptr+1) == '-') && (*(ptr+2))) ptr +=2;
    //escape "--" and stop ip arg parsing.
    else if ((*(ptr+1) == '-') && (!*(ptr+2))) {
      *ptr +=1;
      break;
    } else ptr +=1;
    switch (substring_to_idx(ptr, ip_options)) {
      case 0: TT.singleline = 1;
              break;
      case 1: {
                if (isdigit(*ptr)) {
                  long num = atolx(ptr);
                  if (num == 4) TT.addressfamily  = AF_INET;
                  else if (num == 6) TT.addressfamily  = AF_INET6;
                  else TT.addressfamily = AF_PACKET;
                } else {
                  struct arglist ip_aflist[] = {{"inet", AF_INET},
                    {"inet6", AF_INET6}, {"link", AF_PACKET}, {NULL, -1}};

                  if (!*++optargv) iphelp();
                  if ((TT.addressfamily = string_to_idx(*optargv, ip_aflist)) == -1)
                    error_exit("wrong family '%s'", *optargv);
                }
              }
              break;
      case 2:
              TT.stats++;
              break;
      default: iphelp();
               break; // unreachable code.
    }
  }

  TT.sockfd = xsocket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);

  if (isip) {// only for ip
    if (*optargv) {
      struct arglist ip_objectlist[] = { {"address", 0}, {"link", 1},
        {"route", 2}, {"rule", 3}, {"tunnel", 4}, {"tunl", 4}, {NULL, -1}};

      if ((idx = substring_to_idx(*optargv, ip_objectlist)) == -1) iphelp();
      ipcmd = cmdobjlist[idx];
      toys.exitval = ipcmd(++optargv);
    } else iphelp();
  } else {
    struct arglist ip_objectlist[] = { {"ipaddr", 0}, {"iplink", 1},
      {"iproute", 2}, {"iprule", 3}, {"iptunnel", 4}, {NULL, -1}};
    if ((idx = string_to_idx(toys.which->name, ip_objectlist)) == -1)
      iphelp();
    ipcmd = cmdobjlist[idx];
    toys.exitval = ipcmd(optargv);
  }
  xclose(TT.sockfd);
}