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Installation Instructions
================================================================================
This post will guide you step-by-set in order to install Carbs Linux. You can
obtain these instructions for offline use, the plaintext version can be found on
https://carbslinux.org/docs/install.txt
TABLE OF CONTENTS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Downloading and getting ready to chroot [1.0]
- Download [1.1]
- Check the integrity of the tarball (Recommended) [1.2]
- Verify the signature [1.3]
- Extracting the tarball [1.4]
- Obtain the chroot helper [1.5]
- Chroot [2.0]
- Updating packages (optional) [2.1]
- Installing packages [2.2]
- Essential software [2.3]
- Obtaining the documentation (optional) [2.4]
- System Configuration [3.0]
- Configuring hostname (recommended) [3.1]
- Setting up the hosts file (optional) [3.2]
- Generating fstab [3.3]
- Kernel [4.0]
- Obtaining the kernel sources. [4.1]
- Installing dependencies [4.2]
- Compiling the kernel [4.3]
- Making your system bootable [5.0]
- Installing a bootloader [5.1]
- Installing init scripts [5.2]
- Post-installation [6.0]
- Acquiring kiss repositories [6.1]
[1.0] Downloading and getting ready to chroot
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To install Carbs Linux, you will need a Live Linux ISO. For that purpose, you
can obtain a Gentoo or Void Linux live image. You can follow their instructions
to boot and setup your network.
You will need the following programs in order to install Carbs Linux:
- tar
- wget (or curl)
- xz
- some form of base utilities (coreutils, sbase, busybox, etc.)
Rest of the instructions assume that you have set all of these up, and will
continue on that point.
[1.1] Download
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First, we need to download the rootfs tarball. You can do the following in order
to obtain the rootfs. If you are using an i686 machine, replace the 'x86_64'
with 'i686'.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/releases/x86_64/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
We can then check the integrity of the tarball and do a signature verification.
Even though these are optional, they are highly recommended.
[1.2] Check the integrity of the tarball (Recommended)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All of the releases are saved in a single file named 'sha256sums.txt'. You can
either verify manually, or you can run the following for a single step
verification.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/releases/x86_64/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 |
| |
| $ sha256sum -c carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sha256 |
| |
| This should produce the following (or a similar) output: |
| carbs-rootfs.tar.xz: OK |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[1.3] Verify the signature
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is highly recommended to verify the signature of the tarball. You will need
GPG for this.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ wget https://carbslinux.org/releases/carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig |
| |
| $ gpg --recv-keys FF484BDFEFCEF8FF |
| |
| $ gpg --verify carbs-rootfs.tar.xz.sig |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[1.4] Extracting the tarball
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You will need to extract the tarball to your desired location. For partitioning,
you can follow this guide[1]. This will assume that you will be mounting your
root partition to '/mnt'.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt |
| |
| $ tar xf carbs-rootfs.tar.xz -C /mnt |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[1.5] Obtain the chroot helper
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can obtain the cpt-chroot script in order to do a simple chroot into your
new root filesystem.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/cpt-chroot |
| $ chmod a+x cpt-chroot |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[2.0] Chroot
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chroot into Carbs Linux!
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ ./cpt-chroot /mnt |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[2.1] Updating packages (optional)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is good practice to make sure your system is up to date, especially before
building new packages. If there is an update for the package manager you will
need to update twice.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ cpt update |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| If the package manager is updated, run the same command again. |
| $ cpt update |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[2.2] Installing packages
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since you are operating on a really small base, you might need to build and
install new programs to extend the functionality of your system. In order to
build and install packages new packages in Carbs, you need to execute the
following.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ cpt build package |
| $ cpt install package |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[2.3] Essential software
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here is a list of software that you might want to have on your system.
BOOTLOADERS
- efibootmgr
- grub
FILESYSTEMS
- e2fsprogs
- dosfstools
- ntfs-3g
NETWORKING
- dhcpcd[2]
- wpa_supplicant
TEXT EDITORS
- nano
- vim
- neatvi
- nvi
- emacs
- emacs-nox (terminal-only version of emacs)
- mg (micro gnuemacs)
USER SHELLS
- bash
- dash
- zsh
- 9base (rc shell)
DEVICE MANAGEMENT
- eudev
COREUTILS
- sbase
DOCUMENTATION
- carbs-docs [2.4]
- man-pages
- man-pages-posix
OTHER
- git
[2.4] Obtaining the documentation (optional)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All the documentation for Carbs Linux (including this installation manual) can
be obtained to be viewed offline.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Install the documentation. |
| $ cpt b carbs-docs && cpt i carbs-docs |
| |
| 'docs' tool can be used in order to crawl through the documentation. |
| |
| Following command can be used in order to view this installation guide |
| through a pager. |
| |
| $ docs install |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[3.0] System Configuration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
After you have finished installing some extra packages, you can configure your
system to your liking.
[3.1] Configuring hostname (recommended)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You might want to add a hostname, especially in a networked environment. Your
hostname will default to 'carbslinux' unless you set this.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ echo your-hostname > /etc/hostname |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[3.2] Setting up the hosts file (optional)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can edit your /etc/hosts file, which is the static lookup table for host
names. By default, there are two entries for localhost which are OKAY. You can
replace the 'localhost' part of these entries to your hostname.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost |
| ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost ip6-localhost |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[3.3] Generating fstab
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can use this POSIX sh variant for genfstab
[4.0] Kernel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kernel isn't managed under the main repositories, even though you could package
one for your personal use. Here is an example kernel package, which you will
need to reconfigure for your specific setup if you want to make use of it[3].
[4.1] Obtaining the kernel sources.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can visit the https://kernel.org website to choose a kernel that you want
to install. Though only the latest stable and longterm (LTS) versions are
supported.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Download the kernel and extract it |
| $ wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.7.6.tar.xz |
| $ tar xf linux-5.7.6.tar.xz |
| |
| Change directory into the kernel sources |
| $ cd linux-5.7.6 |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[4.2] Installing dependencies
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to compile the kernel you will need to install some dependencies.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| You will need libelf to compile the kernel |
| |
| $ cpt b libelf && cpt i libelf |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| In order to configure the kernel with a user interface, you will need |
| ncurses to be installed on your system. |
| |
| $ cpt b ncurses && cpt i ncurses |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
In the vanilla kernel sources, you need perl to compile the kernel, but it can
be easily patched out. You will need to apply the following patch. Patch was
written by E5ten[4].
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Obtain the patch by downloading it. |
| |
| $ wget https://dl.carbslinux.org/distfiles/kernel-no-perl.patch |
| |
| Apply the patch. |
| |
| $ patch -p1 < kernel-no-perl.patch |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[4.3] Compiling the kernel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Next step is configuring and building the kernel. You can check Gentoo's kernel
configuration guide[5] to learn more about the matter. Overall, Gentoo Wiki is a
good place to learn about configuration according to your hardware.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Configure and build the kernel |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ make menuconfig |
| $ make |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Install the kernel |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ install -Dm755 $(make -s image_name) /boot/vmlinuz-linux |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[5.0] Making your system bootable
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to be able to boot your fresh system, wou will need an init-daemon,
init-scripts and a bootloader. The init daemon is already provided by busybox,
but you can optionally change it.
[5.1] Installing a bootloader
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the main repository, there is efibootmgr and grub to serve as bootloaders.
efibootmgr can be used as a standalone bootloader, or can be used to install
grub in a UEFI environment. efibootmgr is needed unless you are using a device
without UEFI support (or you really want to use BIOS for a reason).
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRUB BIOS installation |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ cpt b grub && cpt i grub |
| $ grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sdX |
| $ grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRUB UEFI installation |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ cpt b efibootmgr && cpt i efibootmgr |
| $ cpt b grub && cpt i grub |
| |
| $ grub-install --target=x86_64-efi \ |
| --efi-directory=esp \ |
| --bootloader-id=CarbsLinux |
| |
| $ grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[5.2] Installing init scripts
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Only thing left to do is installing the init-scripts, and now you are ready to
boot your system!
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ cpt b carbs-init && cpt i carbs-init |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[6.0] Post-installation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The base installation is now complete, you can now fine tune your system
according to your needs. Rest of these instructions are completely optional.
[6.1] Acquiring kiss repositories
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most kiss repositories can only be obtained through git, but it isn't installed
by default. You'll need to install it:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ cpt b git && cpt i git |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
After installing git, you can clone a repository, and add it to your path:
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| KISS Community Repository |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| $ git clone https://github.com/kisslinux/community |
| $ export CPT_PATH=$CPT_PATH:$PWD/community/community |
| |
| NOTE: There are lots of packages on the KISS community repository that |
| are also on Carbs Linux main repository. I would advise giving |
| lower priority to the KISS community repository as it may affect |
| other packages that you might install. |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
You can also lookup other repositories on GitHub, by searching the 'cpt-repo'
tag, or looking it up on the KISS Wiki page for repositories[6].
Footnotes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning
[2]: busybox also provides udhcpc which can be used to configure dynamic IP
[3]: https://github.com/cemkeylan/kiss-repository/tree/master/personal/linux
[4]: https://github.com/E5ten
[5]: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Kernel/Configuration
[6]: https://k1ss.org/wiki/community/repositories
|
