hwclock: size optimizations

libbb/time.c: new file, introducing monotonic_us()
pscan, traceroute, arping: use it instead of gettimeofday
ping, zcip: TODO

function                                             old     new   delta
monotonic_us                                           -      89     +89
find_pair                                            164     180     +16
.rodata                                           129747  129763     +16
refresh                                             1144    1152      +8
............
timeout                                                8       4      -4
static.start                                           8       4      -4
last                                                   8       4      -4
parse_conf                                          1303    1284     -19
time_main                                           1149    1124     -25
gettimeofday_us                                       39       -     -39
arping_main                                         2042    1969     -73
hwclock_main                                         594     501     -93
catcher                                              485     380    -105
traceroute_main                                     4300    4117    -183
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 2/1 grow/shrink: 8/11 up/down: 157/-562)        Total: -405 bytes

10 files changed, 230 insertions, 262 deletions

diff --git a/include/libbb.h b/include/libbb.h
index c0c417c95..2a50bce66 100644
--- a/include/libbb.h
+++ b/include/libbb.h
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ struct sysinfo {
 };
 int sysinfo(struct sysinfo* info);
 
+unsigned long long monotonic_us(void);
 
 extern void chomp(char *s);
 extern void trim(char *s);
diff --git a/libbb/Config.in b/libbb/Config.in
index a1ff7c056..0a3769df2 100644
--- a/libbb/Config.in
+++ b/libbb/Config.in
@@ -95,4 +95,14 @@ config FEATURE_EDITING_FANCY_PROMPT
 	  Setting this option allows for prompts to use things like \w and
 	  \$ and escape codes.
 
+config MONOTONIC_SYSCALL
+	bool "Use clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) syscall"
+	default y
+	help
+	  Use clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) syscall for measuring
+	  time intervals (time, ping, traceroute etc need this).
+	  Probably requires Linux 2.6+. If not selected, gettimeofday
+	  will be used instead (which gives wrong results if date/time
+	  is reset).
+
 endmenu
diff --git a/libbb/Kbuild b/libbb/Kbuild
index e562f3222..693f6092c 100644
--- a/libbb/Kbuild
+++ b/libbb/Kbuild
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ lib-y += simplify_path.o
 lib-y += skip_whitespace.o
 lib-y += speed_table.o
 lib-y += str_tolower.o
+lib-y += time.o
 lib-y += trim.o
 lib-y += u_signal_names.o
 lib-y += udp_io.o
diff --git a/libbb/time.c b/libbb/time.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2a741521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbb/time.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
+/*
+ * Utility routines.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Denis Vlasenko
+ *
+ * Licensed under GPL version 2, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details.
+ */
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+#if ENABLE_MONOTONIC_SYSCALL
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+/* libc has incredibly messy way of doing this,
+ * typically requiring -lrt. We just skip all this mess */
+unsigned long long monotonic_us(void)
+{
+	struct timespec ts;
+	if (syscall(__NR_clock_gettime, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts))
+		bb_error_msg_and_die("clock_gettime(MONOTONIC) failed");
+	return ts.tv_sec * 1000000ULL + ts.tv_nsec/1000;
+}
+#else
+unsigned long long monotonic_us(void)
+{
+	struct timeval tv;
+	if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL))
+		bb_error_msg_and_die("gettimeofday failed");
+	return tv.tv_sec * 1000000ULL + tv_usec;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/miscutils/time.c b/miscutils/time.c
index 705123c9e..578cb35ff 100644
--- a/miscutils/time.c
+++ b/miscutils/time.c
@@ -11,28 +11,16 @@
 
 #include "libbb.h"
 
-#define TV_MSEC tv_usec / 1000
-
 /* Information on the resources used by a child process.  */
 typedef struct {
 	int waitstatus;
 	struct rusage ru;
-	struct timeval start, elapsed;	/* Wallclock time of process.  */
+	unsigned elapsed_ms;	/* Wallclock time of process.  */
 } resource_t;
 
 /* msec = milliseconds = 1/1,000 (1*10e-3) second.
    usec = microseconds = 1/1,000,000 (1*10e-6) second.  */
 
-#ifndef TICKS_PER_SEC
-#define TICKS_PER_SEC 100
-#endif
-
-/* The number of milliseconds in one `tick' used by the `rusage' structure.  */
-#define MSEC_PER_TICK (1000 / TICKS_PER_SEC)
-
-/* Return the number of clock ticks that occur in M milliseconds.  */
-#define MSEC_TO_TICKS(m) ((m) / MSEC_PER_TICK)
-
 #define UL unsigned long
 
 static const char default_format[] = "real\t%E\nuser\t%u\nsys\t%T";
@@ -76,7 +64,6 @@ static const char long_format[] =
 static int resuse_end(pid_t pid, resource_t * resp)
 {
 	int status;
-
 	pid_t caught;
 
 	/* Ignore signals, but don't ignore the children.  When wait3
@@ -85,18 +72,8 @@ static int resuse_end(pid_t pid, resource_t * resp)
 		if (caught == -1)
 			return 0;
 	}
-
-	gettimeofday(&resp->elapsed, (struct timezone *) 0);
-	resp->elapsed.tv_sec -= resp->start.tv_sec;
-	if (resp->elapsed.tv_usec < resp->start.tv_usec) {
-		/* Manually carry a one from the seconds field.  */
-		resp->elapsed.tv_usec += 1000000;
-		--resp->elapsed.tv_sec;
-	}
-	resp->elapsed.tv_usec -= resp->start.tv_usec;
-
+	resp->elapsed_ms = (monotonic_us() / 1000) - resp->elapsed_ms;
 	resp->waitstatus = status;
-
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -181,30 +158,30 @@ static unsigned long ptok(unsigned long pages)
    COMMAND is the command and args that are being summarized.
    RESP is resource information on the command.  */
 
+#ifndef TICKS_PER_SEC
+#define TICKS_PER_SEC 100
+#endif
+
 static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t * resp)
 {
-	unsigned long r;	/* Elapsed real milliseconds.  */
-	unsigned long v;	/* Elapsed virtual (CPU) milliseconds.  */
+	unsigned vv_ms;     /* Elapsed virtual (CPU) milliseconds */
+	unsigned cpu_ticks; /* Same, in "CPU ticks" */
 
 	if (WIFSTOPPED(resp->waitstatus))
-		printf("Command stopped by signal %d\n",
+		printf("Command stopped by signal %u\n",
 				WSTOPSIG(resp->waitstatus));
 	else if (WIFSIGNALED(resp->waitstatus))
-		printf("Command terminated by signal %d\n",
+		printf("Command terminated by signal %u\n",
 				WTERMSIG(resp->waitstatus));
 	else if (WIFEXITED(resp->waitstatus) && WEXITSTATUS(resp->waitstatus))
-		printf("Command exited with non-zero status %d\n",
+		printf("Command exited with non-zero status %u\n",
 				WEXITSTATUS(resp->waitstatus));
 
-	/* Convert all times to milliseconds.  Occasionally, one of these values
-	   comes out as zero.  Dividing by zero causes problems, so we first
-	   check the time value.  If it is zero, then we take `evasive action'
-	   instead of calculating a value.  */
+	vv_ms = (resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec + resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec) * 1000
+	      + (resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_usec + resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_usec) / 1000;
 
-	r = resp->elapsed.tv_sec * 1000 + resp->elapsed.tv_usec / 1000;
-
-	v = resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec * 1000 + resp->ru.ru_utime.TV_MSEC +
-		resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec * 1000 + resp->ru.ru_stime.TV_MSEC;
+	cpu_ticks = vv_ms * TICKS_PER_SEC / 1000;
+	if (!cpu_ticks) cpu_ticks = 1; /* we divide by it, must be nonzero */
 
 	/* putchar() != putc(stdout) in glibc! */
 
@@ -245,127 +222,122 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t * resp)
 				break;
 			case 'D':	/* Average unshared data size.  */
 				printf("%lu",
-						MSEC_TO_TICKS(v) == 0 ? 0 :
-						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_idrss) / MSEC_TO_TICKS(v) +
-						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_isrss) / MSEC_TO_TICKS(v));
-				break;
-			case 'E':	/* Elapsed real (wall clock) time.  */
-				if (resp->elapsed.tv_sec >= 3600)	/* One hour -> h:m:s.  */
-					printf("%ldh %ldm %02lds",
-							resp->elapsed.tv_sec / 3600,
-							(resp->elapsed.tv_sec % 3600) / 60,
-							resp->elapsed.tv_sec % 60);
+						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_idrss) / cpu_ticks +
+						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_isrss) / cpu_ticks);
+				break;
+			case 'E': {	/* Elapsed real (wall clock) time.  */
+				unsigned seconds = resp->elapsed_ms / 1000;
+				if (seconds >= 3600)	/* One hour -> h:m:s.  */
+					printf("%uh %um %02us",
+							seconds / 3600,
+							(seconds % 3600) / 60,
+							seconds % 60);
 				else
-					printf("%ldm %ld.%02lds",	/* -> m:s.  */
-							resp->elapsed.tv_sec / 60,
-							resp->elapsed.tv_sec % 60,
-							resp->elapsed.tv_usec / 10000);
+					printf("%um %u.%02us",	/* -> m:s.  */
+							seconds / 60,
+							seconds % 60,
+							(unsigned)(resp->elapsed_ms / 10) % 100);
 				break;
+			}
 			case 'F':	/* Major page faults.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_majflt);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_majflt);
 				break;
 			case 'I':	/* Inputs.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_inblock);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_inblock);
 				break;
 			case 'K':	/* Average mem usage == data+stack+text.  */
 				printf("%lu",
-						MSEC_TO_TICKS(v) == 0 ? 0 :
-						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_idrss) / MSEC_TO_TICKS(v) +
-						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_isrss) / MSEC_TO_TICKS(v) +
-						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_ixrss) / MSEC_TO_TICKS(v));
+						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_idrss) / cpu_ticks +
+						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_isrss) / cpu_ticks +
+						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_ixrss) / cpu_ticks);
 				break;
 			case 'M':	/* Maximum resident set size.  */
 				printf("%lu", ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_maxrss));
 				break;
 			case 'O':	/* Outputs.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_oublock);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_oublock);
 				break;
 			case 'P':	/* Percent of CPU this job got.  */
 				/* % cpu is (total cpu time)/(elapsed time).  */
-				if (r > 0)
-					printf("%lu%%", (v * 100 / r));
+				if (resp->elapsed_ms > 0)
+					printf("%u%%", (unsigned)(vv_ms * 100 / resp->elapsed_ms));
 				else
 					printf("?%%");
 				break;
 			case 'R':	/* Minor page faults (reclaims).  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_minflt);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_minflt);
 				break;
 			case 'S':	/* System time.  */
-				printf("%ld.%02ld",
-						resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec,
-						resp->ru.ru_stime.TV_MSEC / 10);
+				printf("%u.%02u",
+						(unsigned)resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec,
+						(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_usec / 10000));
 				break;
 			case 'T':	/* System time.  */
 				if (resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec >= 3600) /* One hour -> h:m:s.  */
-					printf("%ldh %ldm %02lds",
-							resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec / 3600,
-							(resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec % 3600) / 60,
-							resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec % 60);
+					printf("%uh %um %02us",
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec / 3600),
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec % 3600) / 60,
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec % 60));
 				else
-					printf("%ldm %ld.%02lds",	/* -> m:s.  */
-							resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec / 60,
-							resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec % 60,
-							resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_usec / 10000);
+					printf("%um %u.%02us",	/* -> m:s.  */
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec / 60),
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec % 60),
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_usec / 10000));
 				break;
 			case 'U':	/* User time.  */
-				printf("%ld.%02ld",
-						resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec,
-						resp->ru.ru_utime.TV_MSEC / 10);
+				printf("%u.%02u",
+						(unsigned)resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec,
+						(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_usec / 10000));
 				break;
 			case 'u':	/* User time.  */
 				if (resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec >= 3600) /* One hour -> h:m:s.  */
-					printf("%ldh %ldm %02lds",
-							resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec / 3600,
-							(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec % 3600) / 60,
-							resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec % 60);
+					printf("%uh %um %02us",
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec / 3600),
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec % 3600) / 60,
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec % 60));
 				else
-					printf("%ldm %ld.%02lds",	/* -> m:s.  */
-							resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec / 60,
-							resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec % 60,
-							resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_usec / 10000);
+					printf("%um %u.%02us",	/* -> m:s.  */
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec / 60),
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec % 60),
+							(unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_usec / 10000));
 				break;
 			case 'W':	/* Times swapped out.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_nswap);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_nswap);
 				break;
 			case 'X':	/* Average shared text size.  */
-				printf("%lu",
-						MSEC_TO_TICKS(v) == 0 ? 0 :
-						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_ixrss) / MSEC_TO_TICKS(v));
+				printf("%lu", ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_ixrss) / cpu_ticks);
 				break;
 			case 'Z':	/* Page size.  */
-				printf("%d", getpagesize());
+				printf("%u", getpagesize());
 				break;
 			case 'c':	/* Involuntary context switches.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_nivcsw);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_nivcsw);
 				break;
 			case 'e':	/* Elapsed real time in seconds.  */
-				printf("%ld.%02ld",
-						resp->elapsed.tv_sec, resp->elapsed.tv_usec / 10000);
+				printf("%u.%02u",
+						(unsigned)resp->elapsed_ms / 1000,
+						(unsigned)(resp->elapsed_ms / 10) % 100);
 				break;
 			case 'k':	/* Signals delivered.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_nsignals);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_nsignals);
 				break;
 			case 'p':	/* Average stack segment.  */
-				printf("%lu",
-						MSEC_TO_TICKS(v) == 0 ? 0 :
-						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_isrss) / MSEC_TO_TICKS(v));
+				printf("%lu", ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_isrss) / cpu_ticks);
 				break;
 			case 'r':	/* Incoming socket messages received.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_msgrcv);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_msgrcv);
 				break;
 			case 's':	/* Outgoing socket messages sent.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_msgsnd);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_msgsnd);
 				break;
 			case 't':	/* Average resident set size.  */
-				printf("%lu",
-						MSEC_TO_TICKS(v) == 0 ? 0 :
-						ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_idrss) / MSEC_TO_TICKS(v));
+				printf("%lu", ptok((UL) resp->ru.ru_idrss) / cpu_ticks);
 				break;
 			case 'w':	/* Voluntary context switches.  */
-				printf("%ld", resp->ru.ru_nvcsw);
+				printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_nvcsw);
 				break;
 			case 'x':	/* Exit status.  */
-				printf("%d", WEXITSTATUS(resp->waitstatus));
+				printf("%u", WEXITSTATUS(resp->waitstatus));
 				break;
 			}
 			break;
@@ -403,7 +375,7 @@ static void run_command(char *const *cmd, resource_t * resp)
 	pid_t pid;			/* Pid of child.  */
 	__sighandler_t interrupt_signal, quit_signal;
 
-	gettimeofday(&resp->start, (struct timezone *) 0);
+	resp->elapsed_ms = monotonic_us() / 1000;
 	pid = vfork();		/* Run CMD as child process.  */
 	if (pid < 0)
 		bb_error_msg_and_die("cannot fork");
diff --git a/networking/arping.c b/networking/arping.c
index 1b2604902..a022e70ea 100644
--- a/networking/arping.c
+++ b/networking/arping.c
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@
  * Busybox port: Nick Fedchik <nick@fedchik.org.ua>
  */
 
-//#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-//#include <signal.h>
-
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <netinet/ether.h>
@@ -18,42 +15,42 @@
 
 #include "libbb.h"
 
+/* We don't expect to see 1000+ seconds delay, unsigned is enough */
+#define MONOTONIC_US() ((unsigned)monotonic_us())
+
 static struct in_addr src;
 static struct in_addr dst;
 static struct sockaddr_ll me;
 static struct sockaddr_ll he;
-static struct timeval last;
-
-enum cfg_e {
-	dad = 1,
-	unsolicited = 2,
-	advert = 4,
-	quiet = 8,
-	quit_on_reply = 16,
-	broadcast_only = 32,
-	unicasting = 64
+static unsigned last;
+
+enum {
+	DAD = 1,
+	UNSOLICITED = 2,
+	ADVERT = 4,
+	QUIET = 8,
+	QUIT_ON_REPLY = 16,
+	BCAST_ONLY = 32,
+	UNICASTING = 64
 };
 static int cfg;
 
 static int s;
 static unsigned count = UINT_MAX;
-static unsigned timeout;
+static unsigned timeout_us;
 static int sent;
 static int brd_sent;
 static int received;
 static int brd_recv;
 static int req_recv;
 
-#define MS_TDIFF(tv1,tv2) ( ((tv1).tv_sec-(tv2).tv_sec)*1000 + \
-			((tv1).tv_usec-(tv2).tv_usec)/1000 )
-
 static int send_pack(int sock, struct in_addr *src_addr,
 			struct in_addr *dst_addr, struct sockaddr_ll *ME,
 			struct sockaddr_ll *HE)
 {
 	int err;
-	struct timeval now;
-	RESERVE_CONFIG_UBUFFER(buf, 256);
+	unsigned now;
+	unsigned char buf[256];
 	struct arphdr *ah = (struct arphdr *) buf;
 	unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) (ah + 1);
 
@@ -62,7 +59,7 @@ static int send_pack(int sock, struct in_addr *src_addr,
 	ah->ar_pro = htons(ETH_P_IP);
 	ah->ar_hln = ME->sll_halen;
 	ah->ar_pln = 4;
-	ah->ar_op = cfg & advert ? htons(ARPOP_REPLY) : htons(ARPOP_REQUEST);
+	ah->ar_op = cfg & ADVERT ? htons(ARPOP_REPLY) : htons(ARPOP_REQUEST);
 
 	memcpy(p, &ME->sll_addr, ah->ar_hln);
 	p += ME->sll_halen;
@@ -70,7 +67,7 @@ static int send_pack(int sock, struct in_addr *src_addr,
 	memcpy(p, src_addr, 4);
 	p += 4;
 
-	if (cfg & advert)
+	if (cfg & ADVERT)
 		memcpy(p, &ME->sll_addr, ah->ar_hln);
 	else
 		memcpy(p, &HE->sll_addr, ah->ar_hln);
@@ -79,21 +76,21 @@ static int send_pack(int sock, struct in_addr *src_addr,
 	memcpy(p, dst_addr, 4);
 	p += 4;
 
-	gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+	now = MONOTONIC_US();
 	err = sendto(sock, buf, p - buf, 0, (struct sockaddr *) HE, sizeof(*HE));
 	if (err == p - buf) {
 		last = now;
 		sent++;
-		if (!(cfg & unicasting))
+		if (!(cfg & UNICASTING))
 			brd_sent++;
 	}
-	RELEASE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buf);
 	return err;
 }
 
+static void finish(void) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
 static void finish(void)
 {
-	if (!(cfg & quiet)) {
+	if (!(cfg & QUIET)) {
 		printf("Sent %d probe(s) (%d broadcast(s))\n"
 			"Received %d repl%s"
 			" (%d request(s), %d broadcast(s))\n",
@@ -101,30 +98,31 @@ static void finish(void)
 			received, (received == 1) ? "ies" : "y",
 			req_recv, brd_recv);
 	}
-	if (cfg & dad)
+	if (cfg & DAD)
 		exit(!!received);
-	if (cfg & unsolicited)
+	if (cfg & UNSOLICITED)
 		exit(0);
 	exit(!received);
 }
 
 static void catcher(void)
 {
-	struct timeval tv;
-	static struct timeval start;
+	static unsigned start;
 
-	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	unsigned now;
 
-	if (start.tv_sec == 0)
-		start = tv;
+	now = MONOTONIC_US();
+	if (start == 0)
+		start = now;
 
-	if (count-- == 0
-	 || (timeout && MS_TDIFF(tv, start) > timeout * 1000 + 500))
+	if (count == 0 || (timeout_us && (now - start) > (timeout_us + 500000)))
 		finish();
 
-	if (last.tv_sec == 0 || MS_TDIFF(tv, last) > 500) {
+	count--;
+
+	if (last == 0 || (now - last) > 500000) {
 		send_pack(s, &src, &dst, &me, &he);
-		if (count == 0 && (cfg & unsolicited))
+		if (count == 0 && (cfg & UNSOLICITED))
 			finish();
 	}
 	alarm(1);
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@ static int recv_pack(unsigned char *buf, int len, struct sockaddr_ll *FROM)
 		return 0;
 	memcpy(&src_ip, p + ah->ar_hln, 4);
 	memcpy(&dst_ip, p + ah->ar_hln + 4 + ah->ar_hln, 4);
-	if (!(cfg & dad)) {
+	if (!(cfg & DAD)) {
 		if (src_ip.s_addr != dst.s_addr)
 			return 0;
 		if (src.s_addr != dst_ip.s_addr)
@@ -190,11 +188,8 @@ static int recv_pack(unsigned char *buf, int len, struct sockaddr_ll *FROM)
 		if (src.s_addr && src.s_addr != dst_ip.s_addr)
 			return 0;
 	}
-	if (!(cfg & quiet)) {
+	if (!(cfg & QUIET)) {
 		int s_printed = 0;
-		struct timeval tv;
-
-		gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
 
 		printf("%scast re%s from %s [%s]",
 			FROM->sll_pkttype == PACKET_HOST ? "Uni" : "Broad",
@@ -212,13 +207,8 @@ static int recv_pack(unsigned char *buf, int len, struct sockaddr_ll *FROM)
 				ether_ntoa((struct ether_addr *) p + ah->ar_hln + 4));
 		}
 
-		if (last.tv_sec) {
-			long usecs = (tv.tv_sec - last.tv_sec) * 1000000 +
-				tv.tv_usec - last.tv_usec;
-			long msecs = (usecs + 500) / 1000;
-
-			usecs -= msecs * 1000 - 500;
-			printf(" %ld.%03ldms\n", msecs, usecs);
+		if (last) {
+			printf(" %u.%03ums\n", last / 1000, last % 1000);
 		} else {
 			printf(" UNSOLICITED?\n");
 		}
@@ -229,11 +219,11 @@ static int recv_pack(unsigned char *buf, int len, struct sockaddr_ll *FROM)
 		brd_recv++;
 	if (ah->ar_op == htons(ARPOP_REQUEST))
 		req_recv++;
-	if (cfg & quit_on_reply)
+	if (cfg & QUIT_ON_REPLY)
 		finish();
-	if (!(cfg & broadcast_only)) {
+	if (!(cfg & BCAST_ONLY)) {
 		memcpy(he.sll_addr, p, me.sll_halen);
-		cfg |= unicasting;
+		cfg |= UNICASTING;
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -245,6 +235,7 @@ int arping_main(int argc, char **argv)
 	int ifindex;
 	char *source = NULL;
 	char *target;
+	unsigned char *packet;
 
 	s = xsocket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 
@@ -258,28 +249,23 @@ int arping_main(int argc, char **argv)
 		/* Dad also sets quit_on_reply.
 		 * Advert also sets unsolicited.
 		 */
-		opt_complementary = "Df:AU";
+		opt_complementary = "=1:Df:AU";
 		opt = getopt32(argc, argv, "DUAqfbc:w:I:s:",
 					&_count, &_timeout, &device, &source);
 		cfg |= opt & 0x3f; /* set respective flags */
 		if (opt & 0x40) /* -c: count */
 			count = xatou(_count);
 		if (opt & 0x80) /* -w: timeout */
-			timeout = xatoul_range(_timeout, 0, INT_MAX/2000);
-		//if (opt & 0x100) /* -i: interface */
-		if (strlen(device) > IF_NAMESIZE) {
+			timeout_us = xatou_range(_timeout, 0, INT_MAX/2000000) * 1000000;
+		//if (opt & 0x100) /* -I: interface */
+		if (strlen(device) >= IF_NAMESIZE) {
 			bb_error_msg_and_die("interface name '%s' is too long",
 							device);
 		}
 		//if (opt & 0x200) /* -s: source */
 	}
-	argc -= optind;
-	argv += optind;
-
-	if (argc != 1)
-		bb_show_usage();
 
-	target = *argv;
+	target = argv[optind];
 
 	xfunc_error_retval = 2;
 
@@ -301,7 +287,7 @@ int arping_main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 		if (ifr.ifr_flags & (IFF_NOARP | IFF_LOOPBACK)) {
 			bb_error_msg("interface %s is not ARPable", device);
-			return (cfg & dad ? 0 : 2);
+			return (cfg & DAD ? 0 : 2);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -317,10 +303,10 @@ int arping_main(int argc, char **argv)
 		bb_error_msg_and_die("invalid source address %s", source);
 	}
 
-	if (!(cfg & dad) && (cfg & unsolicited) && src.s_addr == 0)
+	if (!(cfg & DAD) && (cfg & UNSOLICITED) && src.s_addr == 0)
 		src = dst;
 
-	if (!(cfg & dad) || src.s_addr) {
+	if (!(cfg & DAD) || src.s_addr) {
 		struct sockaddr_in saddr;
 		int probe_fd = xsocket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 
@@ -333,7 +319,7 @@ int arping_main(int argc, char **argv)
 		if (src.s_addr) {
 			saddr.sin_addr = src;
 			xbind(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &saddr, sizeof(saddr));
-		} else if (!(cfg & dad)) {
+		} else if (!(cfg & DAD)) {
 			socklen_t alen = sizeof(saddr);
 
 			saddr.sin_port = htons(1025);
@@ -364,18 +350,18 @@ int arping_main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 	if (me.sll_halen == 0) {
 		bb_error_msg("interface \"%s\" is not ARPable (no ll address)", device);
-		return (cfg & dad ? 0 : 2);
+		return (cfg & DAD ? 0 : 2);
 	}
 	he = me;
 	memset(he.sll_addr, -1, he.sll_halen);
 
-	if (!(cfg & quiet)) {
+	if (!(cfg & QUIET)) {
 		printf("ARPING to %s from %s via %s\n",
 			inet_ntoa(dst), inet_ntoa(src),
 			device ? device : "unknown");
 	}
 
-	if (!src.s_addr && !(cfg & dad)) {
+	if (!src.s_addr && !(cfg & DAD)) {
 		bb_error_msg_and_die("no src address in the non-DAD mode");
 	}
 
@@ -394,9 +380,9 @@ int arping_main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	catcher();
 
+	packet = xmalloc(4096);
 	while (1) {
 		sigset_t sset, osset;
-		RESERVE_CONFIG_UBUFFER(packet, 4096);
 		struct sockaddr_ll from;
 		socklen_t alen = sizeof(from);
 		int cc;
@@ -412,6 +398,5 @@ int arping_main(int argc, char **argv)
 		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sset, &osset);
 		recv_pack(packet, cc, &from);
 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osset, NULL);
-		RELEASE_CONFIG_BUFFER(packet);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/networking/pscan.c b/networking/pscan.c
index 10bf3b606..9fa6993e8 100644
--- a/networking/pscan.c
+++ b/networking/pscan.c
@@ -17,19 +17,6 @@
 #define DERR(...) ((void)0)
 #endif
 
-/* return time in usec */
-// TODO: move to libbb and use in traceroute, zcip, arping etc
-// (maybe also use absolute monotonic clock - no time warps
-// due to admin resetting date/time?)
-static unsigned gettimeofday_us(void)
-{
-	struct timeval now;
-	
-	if (gettimeofday(&now, NULL))
-		return 0;
-	return (now.tv_sec * 1000000 + now.tv_usec);
-}
-
 static const char *port_name(unsigned port)
 {
 	struct servent *server;
@@ -40,6 +27,9 @@ static const char *port_name(unsigned port)
 	return "unknown";
 }
 
+/* We don't expect to see 1000+ seconds delay, unsigned is enough */
+#define MONOTONIC_US() ((unsigned)monotonic_us())
+
 int pscan_main(int argc, char **argv);
 int pscan_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -91,7 +81,7 @@ int pscan_main(int argc, char **argv)
 		/* Nonblocking connect typically "fails" with errno == EINPROGRESS */
 		ndelay_on(s);
 		DMSG("connect to port %u", port);
-		start = gettimeofday_us();
+		start = MONOTONIC_US();
 		if (connect(s, &lsap->sa, lsap->len) == 0) {
 			/* Unlikely, for me even localhost fails :) */
 			DMSG("connect succeeded");
@@ -110,15 +100,15 @@ int pscan_main(int argc, char **argv)
 				closed_ports++;
 				break;
 			}
-			DERR("port %u errno %d @%u", port, errno, gettimeofday_us() - start);
-			if ((gettimeofday_us() - start) > rtt_4)
+			DERR("port %u errno %d @%u", port, errno, MONOTONIC_US() - start);
+			if ((MONOTONIC_US() - start) > rtt_4)
 				break;
 			/* Can sleep (much) longer than specified delay.
 			 * We check rtt BEFORE we usleep, otherwise
 			 * on localhost we'll do zero writes done (!)
 			 * before we exceed (rather small) rtt */
 			usleep(rtt_4/8);
-			DMSG("write to port %u @%u", port, gettimeofday_us() - start);
+			DMSG("write to port %u @%u", port, MONOTONIC_US() - start);
 			if (write(s, " ", 1) >= 0) { /* We were able to write to the socket */
  open:
 				open_ports++;
@@ -126,13 +116,13 @@ int pscan_main(int argc, char **argv)
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		DMSG("out of loop @%u", gettimeofday_us() - start);
+		DMSG("out of loop @%u", MONOTONIC_US() - start);
 
 		/* Estimate new rtt - we don't want to wait entire timeout
 		 * for each port. *4 allows for rise in net delay.
 		 * We increase rtt quickly (*4), decrease slowly (4/8 == 1/2)
 		 * because we don't want to accidentally miss ports. */
-		rtt_4 = (gettimeofday_us() - start) * 4;
+		rtt_4 = (MONOTONIC_US() - start) * 4;
 		if (rtt_4 < min_rtt)
 			rtt_4 = min_rtt;
 		if (rtt_4 > timeout)
diff --git a/networking/traceroute.c b/networking/traceroute.c
index 40533a82d..9fc15d390 100644
--- a/networking/traceroute.c
+++ b/networking/traceroute.c
@@ -275,7 +275,8 @@ struct hostinfo {
 struct outdata {
 	unsigned char seq;             /* sequence number of this packet */
 	unsigned char ttl;             /* ttl packet left with */
-	struct timeval tv ATTRIBUTE_PACKED; /* time packet left */
+// UNUSED. Retaining to have the same packet size.
+	struct timeval tv_UNUSED ATTRIBUTE_PACKED; /* time packet left */
 };
 
 struct IFADDRLIST {
@@ -533,37 +534,19 @@ findsaddr(const struct sockaddr_in *to, struct sockaddr_in *from)
 
 */
 
-/*
- * Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.
- * Out is assumed to be >= in.
- */
-static inline void
-tvsub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in)
-{
-
-	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0)   {
-		--out->tv_sec;
-		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
-	}
-	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
-}
-
 static int
-wait_for_reply(int sock, struct sockaddr_in *fromp, const struct timeval *tp)
+wait_for_reply(int sock, struct sockaddr_in *fromp)
 {
 	fd_set fds;
-	struct timeval now, tvwait;
-	struct timezone tz;
+	struct timeval tvwait;
 	int cc = 0;
 	socklen_t fromlen = sizeof(*fromp);
 
 	FD_ZERO(&fds);
 	FD_SET(sock, &fds);
 
-	tvwait.tv_sec = tp->tv_sec + waittime;
-	tvwait.tv_usec = tp->tv_usec;
-	(void)gettimeofday(&now, &tz);
-	tvsub(&tvwait, &now);
+	tvwait.tv_sec = waittime;
+	tvwait.tv_usec = 0;
 
 	if (select(sock + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tvwait) > 0)
 		cc = recvfrom(sock, (char *)packet, sizeof(packet), 0,
@@ -609,7 +592,7 @@ in_cksum(uint16_t *addr, int len)
 
 
 static void
-send_probe(int seq, int ttl, struct timeval *tp)
+send_probe(int seq, int ttl)
 {
 	int cc;
 	struct udpiphdr *ui, *oui;
@@ -633,7 +616,8 @@ send_probe(int seq, int ttl, struct timeval *tp)
 	/* Payload */
 	outdata->seq = seq;
 	outdata->ttl = ttl;
-	memcpy(&outdata->tv, tp, sizeof(outdata->tv));
+// UNUSED: was storing gettimeofday's result there, but never ever checked it
+	/*memcpy(&outdata->tv, tp, sizeof(outdata->tv));*/
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP
 	if (useicmp)
@@ -706,7 +690,6 @@ send_probe(int seq, int ttl, struct timeval *tp)
 	    packlen, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 	if (cc != packlen)  {
 		bb_info_msg("wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d", hostname, packlen, cc);
-//		(void)fflush(stdout);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -908,9 +891,9 @@ getaddr(uint32_t *ap, const char *host)
 #endif
 
 static void
-print_delta_ms(struct timeval *t1p, struct timeval *t2p)
+print_delta_ms(unsigned t1p, unsigned t2p)
 {
-	unsigned tt = (t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000000 + (t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec);
+	unsigned tt = t2p - t1p;
 	printf("  %u.%03u ms", tt/1000, tt%1000);
 }
 
@@ -1230,17 +1213,17 @@ int traceroute_main(int argc, char **argv)
 		printf("%2d ", ttl);
 		for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
 			int cc;
-			struct timeval t1, t2;
-			struct timezone tz;
+			unsigned t1;
+			unsigned t2;
 			struct ip *ip;
 
 			if (sentfirst && pausemsecs > 0)
 				usleep(pausemsecs * 1000);
-			(void)gettimeofday(&t1, &tz);
-			send_probe(++seq, ttl, &t1);
+			t1 = monotonic_us();
+			send_probe(++seq, ttl);
 			++sentfirst;
-			while ((cc = wait_for_reply(s, from, &t1)) != 0) {
-				(void)gettimeofday(&t2, &tz);
+			while ((cc = wait_for_reply(s, from)) != 0) {
+				t2 = monotonic_us();
 				i = packet_ok(packet, cc, from, seq);
 				/* Skip short packet */
 				if (i == 0)
@@ -1251,7 +1234,7 @@ int traceroute_main(int argc, char **argv)
 					lastaddr = from->sin_addr.s_addr;
 					++gotlastaddr;
 				}
-				print_delta_ms(&t1, &t2);
+				print_delta_ms(t1, t2);
 				ip = (struct ip *)packet;
 				if (op & OPT_TTL_FLAG)
 					printf(" (%d)", ip->ip_ttl);
diff --git a/networking/wget.c b/networking/wget.c
index fe669bbdd..fc7f7c32c 100644
--- a/networking/wget.c
+++ b/networking/wget.c
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ progressmeter(int flag)
 	ratio = 100;
 	if (totalsize != 0 && !chunked) {
 		/* long long helps to have working ETA even if !LFS */
-		ratio = (int) (100 * (unsigned long long)(transferred+beg_range) / totalsize);
+		ratio = (int) (100ULL * (transferred+beg_range) / totalsize);
 		ratio = MIN(ratio, 100);
 	}
 
diff --git a/util-linux/hwclock.c b/util-linux/hwclock.c
index c4b793ef8..204a103c3 100644
--- a/util-linux/hwclock.c
+++ b/util-linux/hwclock.c
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details.
 */
 
-//#include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include "libbb.h"
@@ -98,49 +97,42 @@ static void write_rtc(time_t t, int utc)
 	close(rtc);
 }
 
-static int show_clock(int utc)
+static void show_clock(int utc)
 {
-	struct tm *ptm;
+	//struct tm *ptm;
 	time_t t;
-	RESERVE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buffer, 64);
+	char *cp;
 
 	t = read_rtc(utc);
-	ptm = localtime(&t);  /* Sets 'tzname[]' */
+	//ptm = localtime(&t);  /* Sets 'tzname[]' */
 
-	safe_strncpy(buffer, ctime(&t), 64);
-	if (buffer[0])
-		buffer[strlen(buffer) - 1] = 0;
+	cp = ctime(&t);
+	if (cp[0])
+		cp[strlen(cp) - 1] = '\0';
 
-	//printf("%s  %.6f seconds %s\n", buffer, 0.0, utc ? "" : (ptm->tm_isdst ? tzname[1] : tzname[0]));
-	printf( "%s  %.6f seconds\n", buffer, 0.0);
-	RELEASE_CONFIG_BUFFER(buffer);
-
-	return 0;
+	//printf("%s  %.6f seconds %s\n", cp, 0.0, utc ? "" : (ptm->tm_isdst ? tzname[1] : tzname[0]));
+	printf("%s  0.000000 seconds\n", cp);
 }
 
-static int to_sys_clock(int utc)
+static void to_sys_clock(int utc)
 {
-	struct timeval tv = { 0, 0 };
+	struct timeval tv;
 	const struct timezone tz = { timezone/60 - 60*daylight, 0 };
 
 	tv.tv_sec = read_rtc(utc);
-
+	tv.tv_usec = 0;
 	if (settimeofday(&tv, &tz))
 		bb_perror_msg_and_die("settimeofday() failed");
-
-	return 0;
 }
 
-static int from_sys_clock(int utc)
+static void from_sys_clock(int utc)
 {
-	struct timeval tv = { 0, 0 };
-	struct timezone tz = { 0, 0 };
-
-	if (gettimeofday(&tv, &tz))
-		bb_perror_msg_and_die("gettimeofday() failed");
+	struct timeval tv;
 
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	//if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL))
+	//	bb_perror_msg_and_die("gettimeofday() failed");
 	write_rtc(tv.tv_sec, utc);
-	return 0;
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_HWCLOCK_ADJTIME_FHS
@@ -182,8 +174,8 @@ static int check_utc(void)
 #define HWCLOCK_OPT_SYSTOHC     0x10
 #define HWCLOCK_OPT_RTCFILE     0x20
 
-int hwclock_main(int argc, char **argv );
-int hwclock_main(int argc, char **argv )
+int hwclock_main(int argc, char **argv);
+int hwclock_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	unsigned opt;
 	int utc;
@@ -210,12 +202,14 @@ int hwclock_main(int argc, char **argv )
 		utc = check_utc();
 
 	if (opt & HWCLOCK_OPT_HCTOSYS) {
-		return to_sys_clock(utc);
+		to_sys_clock(utc);
+		return 0;
 	}
-	else if (opt & HWCLOCK_OPT_SYSTOHC) {
-		return from_sys_clock(utc);
-	} else {
-		/* default HWCLOCK_OPT_SHOW */
-		return show_clock(utc);
+	if (opt & HWCLOCK_OPT_SYSTOHC) {
+		from_sys_clock(utc);
+		return 0;
 	}
+	/* default HWCLOCK_OPT_SHOW */
+	show_clock(utc);
+	return 0;
 }